نشریه مطالعات اخلاق و رفتار در حسابداری و حسابرسی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1401)

Financial reporting mistakes are under the influence of family ownership in companies and the impact of accounting distortions and mistakes on market response to profit announcement occurs more in family-owned companies compared to non-family corporations. Hence, as family ownership increases and when takeover risk from family control is high, the market response to profit division announcements declines. Thus, the company's response to the market is a common function of accounting methods and ownership. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to review accounting distortions, market response to profit division announcements, and the threat of taking over the ownership of family-owned companies. The research statistical population consisted of all corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2021. The research sample based on convenient sampling included 142 companies. The research method in the first hypothesis testing was logistic regression, and in the second hypothesis testing was least square regression based on mixed data. The results convey that by the increase of family control, accounting distortions decrease and the market shows positive response to the profit division announcements of family-owned companies. Another research result indicates the negative impact of takeover risk on the market response to profit division announcements of family-owned companies. The obtained results in this research are consistent with the referred documents in the theoretical framework and financial literature review. Accounting information with high quality plays a main role in designing mechanisms to decrease contradiction between different agencies among shareholders, directors, and foreign investors. Due to widespread family-owned corporations throughout the world, several studies have attempted to research the relationship between family ownership/control and accounting information quality. However, the obtained results from the current studies are not confirmed yet. Furthermore, there is still insufficient information on whether family control is effective on the reaction of investors to change accounting information quality and how it occurs.

The main purpose of the present research is to study the intervening role of financing and human capital policies on the correlation between social responsibility and innovation of corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange.

Five hypotheses were introduced in line with the research objectives. Multiple linear regression and mixed data were used to test the research hypotheses. The statistical sample consisted of 102 corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange that were chosen by convenient sampling during the years 2013 to 2020.

The results indicated that there is a significantly negative relation between corporate social responsibility and corporate innovation. Furthermore, social responsibility has a significantly negative effect on human capital. Thus, according to the results of multiple regression, the intervening role of human capital between corporate social responsibility and innovation is confirmed. Moreover, the results showed that social responsibility has no significant impact on financing policy. Therefore, the variable of financing policy does not intervene in the relation between corporate social responsibility and innovation. Companies should invest in innovative activities and social responsibility to gain legitimacy and respond to different expectancy of beneficiaries.

Corporates that fulfill their social responsibility actively, have more access to credit and gain better debt conditions. Companies which have a tendency towards social responsibility activities, bring more innovation in their products and procedures due to different reasons. By performing social responsibility activities, they support motivation, participation, and commitment of human resources in order to increase corporate innovation.

Recognition of different aspects of corporate social responsibility is increasingly important. Therefore, knowing previously researched issues in this regard is considered as an unavoidable necessity for future studies. The main purpose of the present study is to review the content of published scientific papers in this term, gain more knowledge about social responsibility, and find out the research gaps in this regard. In the present research, content analysis, that is a qualitative method to analyze and identify previous research works during a five-year period from 2016 to 2020, was used. Ultimately, among 2372 scientific papers published in this regard, 68 articles in 16 specialized accounting journals with the keyword of social responsibility were chosen for analysis. The results showed that 38 articles out of 68 ones under review have dealt with economic impacts of social responsibility on corporate financial performance. Although the number of articles published in terms of the social aspect of this issue is less than those about economic aspects, the former with 12 subcategories has a more extensive thematic range compared to the latter. The percentage of social responsibility studies compared to all published articles is 2.87%. The main application of the findings in this paper is classification of the previously conducted research articles that is useful to find the gaps in terms of corporate social responsibility. Despite proved positive impacts of corporate social responsibility on the betterment of financial and non-financial performance of organizations in many internal and external research studies, lack of a unified standard for to report social responsibility on the one hand, and arbitrary behavior of directors to report social and environmental activities on the other hand, have made the information in this term less sufficient and as a result, research about social responsibility faces some challenges.

The purpose of the present study is to review the correlation between board of directors' human social capital and corporate financial performance. To conduct this research, 163 corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2016-2021 were chosen. Human capital is composed of 4 aspects including education, expertise, experience (in industry), and credit of board of directors while social capital consists of two internal and external segments. Financial performance was measured through 2 criterions of return on assets and Tobin's Q ratio and then the hypotheses were tested using multivariate regression and generalized least squares. There is a significantly positive relation between the number of experts in board of directors and return on assets whereas the number of experts in board of directors, the number of experienced members (in industry), and external/internal social capital have a significantly positive relation with Tobin's Q ratio. Hiring board of directors with higher human and social capital can improve the corporate value that is useful for the maximization of stockholders' wealth.

The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of investors' behavior on tax management approaches. In this research, approaches to tax management including tax evasion, tax avoidance, and tax aggressiveness were studied. To this aim, panel data method based on the annual data obtained from accepted corporations in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2014-2021 were used. Finally, 127 corporations were chosen as the sample by systematic deletion technique and data analysis was done by Stata (version 16/with 95% confidence). To measure sentimental tendency and herding behavior of investors, EMSI index and Huang and Salmon Model (2006) were used. The experimental evidence and results of the research indicate that investors' behavior has a significantly positive effect on tax management approaches. That is to say, with the increase of sentimental and herding behavior among the investors, the directors' tax management in corporations improves. The research results showed that investors' behavioral variables (herding behavior and sentimental tendency) have a direct and positive effect on tax management approaches in corporations. It means that as investors' herding behavior and sentimental tendency increases, tax evasion, tax avoidance and tax aggression goes up, too. Therefore, investors' behavior is confirmed to be an important element to disturb order in financial markets. The results of this research can be effective to improve politicians and investors' decision-making for proper orientation towards the stock market and its consistent management.

 The purpose of the present study is to review the role of professional ethics in accounting.

 The data of the research were collected using field methods and library study. For data analysis, descriptive analysis was used.

 The results indicate that although in the past, some concepts such as meritocracy, optimal allocation of resources, and so on were used to moralize the acts, nowadays the above mentioned concepts are effective through some new methods such as accounting potentials. Accountancy in today’s modern world is a vital profession. The society has high expectations from those who work in this profession and people should trust the quality of complicated services presented by accountants. Therefore, the information delivered by them should be considerably efficient, trustworthy, factual, and impartial.

 If professional ethics exists in an occupation, that would improve well otherwise we should expect its failure. One of the most important transformations in the field of accounting teaching in the current age is to include professional ethics in the curriculum of accounting students and it is advised to them to focus more on the assessment of moral issues.