نشریه مطالعات در دنیای رنگ
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 48، بهار 1402)

Organic light-emitting diodes are promising for the development of display applications and lighting and optics technology. Removing mineral or organic-mineral components greatly impacts this technology's cost-controlling and expanding use. Issues that limit the development of this technology include relatively poor stability, short lifetime, and growth of dark spots. Therefore, developing new light-emitting materials with long life, high stability, and high quantum efficiency is very important. Organic light-emitting dyes based on naphthalimide are suitable for use in organic light-emitting diodes due to their color diversity and high quantum efficiency. This article reviews the latest published research on organic luminescent dyes based on these compounds' naphthalimide, color variation, and quantum efficiency.

In recent years, the global market for natural pigments has grown greatly due to the increase in people's awareness of health, and environmental issues and the discovery of the medicinal effects of different natural pigments. The industrial production of natural microbial pigments has received more attention than other sources due to several advantages, such as cheaper production, easier extraction, higher efficiency, and a lack of dependence on the seasons. Among the most important natural pigments are carotenoids, flavonoids, tetrapyrroles, and some xanthophylls, such as astaxanthin. Among the carotenoids, beta-carotene, a pigment that is mostly used in industries, is obtained from some microalgae and cyanobacteria. Astaxanthin is a red pigment with great commercial value in animal feed, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries. This study introduced some commonly used pigments produced by microorganisms along with their application and some identified microorganisms that can produce these pigments. </em> </em>

By studying and examining the contemporary urban landscape, it becomes evident that the primary concern of this study is research about urban design and aesthetic concepts in urban architecture, environmental graphics, and elements such as color which are often neglected by urban design managers and what mainly receive their attention are roads and building construction. When it comes to being colorful, our cities require considerable change so that the urban view and landscapes can be perceived as more beautiful. To solve these issues and problems, the comprehensive plan of the city's color palette is considered in this study. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the purpose of the research is study and to emphasize the necessity to develop a comprehensive color palette for the city, by analyzing and understanding the core concept of color in urban planning and architecture, the color utilization in the city, developing a comprehensive plan for the color palette of the city, developing comprehensive color palette document of the city, and management of color landscape of the city. The results of the study show that the management of the color landscape of the city can be promoted by paying attention to the urban landscapes, environmental graphics, and improved urban space development. Moreover, these mentioned results can be an efficient step forward to improving the quality of urban environments and developing an implementation for the comprehensive color palette plan for the city.

The purpose of this study is to review and develop advanced strategies for using natural dyes in the art of handwoven carpet industry in the country. The current research is a descriptive-analytical type with an applied nature. The statistical population of this study includes 32 beneficiaries that have been purposefully identified and selected. Using the SOAR strategic model and Shannon's entropy method, information was collected via interviews and then analyzed, and strategies were developed to describe the organization's strengths, opportunities, ideals, and results. Based on the results from this research model, the strategies of using wastes, food waste, and agriculture industries as absorbents, and sources of natural dyes in handwoven carpet dyeing, strengthening and developing the cultivation of natural dyes, and optimal productivity in handwoven carpet production was introduced. The scores for benefiting techniques, new scientific methods in dyeing to enhance absorption and improve color stability are respectively 0.2209, 0.1652, and 0.1479. These effective strategies strengthen and develop natural dyes in the art of the handwoven carpet industry. 

Tribal rugs in Fars province are the most significant tribal products in Iran, and their traditional dyeing and use of natural dyes form their competitive advantage. The phenomenon of industrialization had significant impacts on the technical aspects of tribal rugs in the province due to the influence of the industrial community and the development of technologies for the production of tribal rugs. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate and unravel the effects of technological developments on changes in the dyeing of tribal rugs' yarn in Fars Province. Due to the importance of shifting the dyeing method from the traditional approach to mechanized industrial ones, the study first focused on traditional dyeing by tribes in the province. Then it introduced and investigated the effects and consequences of that shift on tribal rugs. The results showed that, over the past few decades, factors such as sedentariness and the effects of the industrial and mechanical lifestyles on the lives of the tribes made the latter follow the industrialization and mechanization of dyeing. The effects and representations of </em>industrial society</em> included importing chemical dyes, the prevalence of chemical dyeing, and an increase in mechanized industrial dyeing workshops. At the same time that the industrial method facilitates the dyeing process, it makes technology dominate human thinking. It destroys the identity and originality of the solitary and unique tribal rugs. 

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considered a new member of the carbon family</em> </em>and shine amongst other members thanks to their superior electrochemical, optical, and structural</em> </em>properties. Graphene quantum dots are zero-dimensional nanostructures of less than 100 nm graphene sheets and contain one or more graphene layers. One of the essential features of these materials is the presence of graphene structure, which brings high crystallinity with a multiple carbon structure of SP2</sup> type. The characteristics of adjustable luminescence, electrical conductivity, and high specific surface area are all quantum confinement and edge effects. These properties make graphene quantum dots important in various applications such as medicine, catalyst, solar cell, and supercapacitor. This article reviews graphene quantum dots' properties, structure, synthesis methods, and applications.