فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 106، تابستان 1402)

Children with Down syndrome have significant limitations in various areas of their lives. Among these, daily living skills are among the areas that are important for the success of these children in living. However, a review of research evidence suggests that effective interventions such as family-based empowerment programs, have been less studied in this area. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of family-based sensory-motor empowerment program on daily living skills of students with Down syndrome. The research design was semi-experimental (pretest-posttest with a control group). The population consisted of all students with Down syndrome in Kashan city in the year 2021-2022. The sample consisted of 30 students aged 8-12 years who were selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to two groups (15 experiment & 15 control). The tool included Wayland Social Development Test (1980). MANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experiment and control groups in terms of all components of daily living skills (p <0.01). As a conclusion, we can suggest the family-based sensory-motor empowerment program as a suitable intervention to improve the daily living skills of students with Down syndrome.

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the combined program of parent management training and parenting based acceptance and commitment therapy on parental stress, parent-child relationship, and child's externalizing problems.The research was semi-experimental in the form of a pre-test, and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The research community was the mothers of children aged 4 to 9 years in Semnan city in 1400. 24 mothers were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 two-hour intervention sessions while the control group was on the waiting list. The research tools were Abidin's parenting stress index, Pianta's parent-child relationship scale, and Eyberg's child behavior questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the parental stress, parent-child relationship, and the child's externalized problems. Only in the dependence subscale, it can be seen that this difference is not significant. This combined program can be effective in reducing parenting stress and externalizing problems of the child and reduce conflicts between parents and children and bring closer their relationship, but it is not effective in the degree of parent-child dependence.

The current study was conducted to investigate the structural relationships between attachment styles and major depressive symptoms in adolescents with the mediation of cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance. The research method is a correlation type, which was conducted through structural equation modeling on 352 adolescents aged 13-18 years old, who were selected by available sampling from the adolescent population of the 1st district of Tabriz city. Data were collected using the Collins and Reed attachment style scale, Kotcher depression scale, Dennis and Vanderwaal cognitive flexibility questionnaire, and Simmons and Gaher distress tolerance scale. Research data were analyzed using path analysis. The findings of the research indicated the optimal fit of the hypothetical research model. In addition, the results showed that distress tolerance can be considered as a mediating factor in the relationship between secure and insecure avoidant attachment styles with adolescent depression symptoms, on the other hand, the results showed that cognitive flexibility can be the relationship between secure attachment styles to mediate insecure avoidance and insecure anxiety with adolescent depression symptoms. The results of the research showed that distress tolerance and cognitive flexibility can mediate the relationship between attachment styles and the symptoms of major depression in adolescents. The results of this research can be used to identify the causes of adolescent depression and formulate therapeutic, interventions, including teaching adolescents the components of distress tolerance and cognitive flexibility.

The aim of this study was to recognize and analyze the effective factors on employee work motivation in an industrial production unit applying thematic analysis approach. The purpose of the current study was considered as an applied research. The research method was qualitative and the statistical population was consisted of all 270 employees in different levels of an auto-parts manufacturing company in 2020-2021. Judgment sampling was done until the theoretical saturation was acquired. Applying in-depth and heurictic interviews, 17 individuals, both managers and non manager personnel at different levels of the company were questioned. The analysis method of this research was thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke) using MAXQDA2020 software. The findings indicate the identification of ten main themes as factors affecting work motivation was indicated, including perceived organizational justice, perceived organizational support, job involvement, occupational hardiness, compensation management, leadership style, economic status, role clarity, job security, and job demands. According to the results each of the main themes has a share of employees' work motivation while managers were better able to improve the work motivation of employees and affect their performance by considering identified perceptual factors derived from the qualitative analysis method.

The word personality refers to the uniqueness, individuality and subjectivity of the subject being studied. The measurement of such a dynamic and complex concept is considered a fundamental challenge in the field of methodology for the measurement of psychological constructs. The aim of this research is to present a new method in two different parts of personality questionnaire question analysis: a) personality questionnaire question dimensions obtained from the implementation of questionnaires on independent samples through correspondence analysis and b) question prioritization using from the network data analysis method based on the importance of questions in each dimension. To achieve these goals, 32 personality questionnaires - which cover most of the application areas of personality questionnaires - were implemented on 82,988 volunteers via web-based forms. Correspondence analysis results show that personality has two dominant dimensions that explain about 75% of personality variance. The results of network data analysis show that the important questions in different indexes are not necessarily the same and the selection of questions based on a specific index should be based on the meaning of that index, however, according to the correlation structure of the priority of questions in the index network, a general index was defined based on which questions were prioritized in two dimensions of personality. The result of the present research led to the presentation of an algorithm for selecting personality questions in personality dimensions.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach on physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout among divorce application couple tabriz City. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control groups with 3-month follow-up periods. The statistical population all of divorce application couple Tabriz City year 2021 who referred to the justice. Using the purposive sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly divided into experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. Intervention program Stair’s (8sessions of 70 minutes) trained in the sample group. The research tools were the Marital Burnout Questionnaire (CBM) Pines (1996). Data were analyzed using repeated measures variance. The results showed that couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach effective on components marital burnout, physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout couples applying for divorce there is a significant difference in the two experimental and control groups in the post-test stage (P<0/001). also this effectiveness was stable at the follow-up 3-month stag. Overall, the results obtained from this study confirm the usefulness and effect of couple therapy based on Stair’s family therapy approach on physical burnout, psychological burnout and emotional burnout among divorce application couple.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of emotional control in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the tendency to use drugs in students. The current research was carried out by correlation type and using the statistical method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all secondary school students of Noord city in the academic year of 1401-1400; And the research sample included 250 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The questionnaires that were considered to collect information from the sample group were: Substance Abuse Propensity Questionnaire (IAPS), Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BSNQ; Guardia, Desi and Ryan, 2000), Emotional Control Scale (ECQ2) by Roger and Nashover (1987). Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for statistical analysis of data. The results showed that basic psychological needs have an effect on the tendency to use drugs both directly and indirectly through emotional control. In general, according to the results, it can be said that emotional control plays a mediating role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the tendency to use drugs in students.

The current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of pre-marriage trainings using the method of interpersonal awareness and choice program and the multi-dimensional local-oriented approach on couples' dysfunctional beliefs in people applying for marriage. The method of the present research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all the people who applied for marriage in Arak city, and among them, 60 people were randomly selected in three experimental groups of the awareness and selection program. Interpersonal, indigenous education group and control group were included. In this study, the content of the pre-marriage training sessions based on the principles and techniques of the interpersonal awareness and choice program (PICK) in two 90-minute sessions per week and multi-dimensional indigenous education in ten 40-minute sessions Done. The data collection tool was communication beliefs inventory and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of pre-marriage education by the method of interpersonal awareness and selection program and the multidimensional local-oriented approach on communication beliefs in two beliefs related to the belief of expectation of mind reading and the belief that the spouse will not change. Another result is that in the program of pre-marriage education by the method of awareness and interpersonal choices program, people learned that communication and compatibility with the future spouse is much more complicated than matching or having no dissimilarity with him and it is necessary to behave with including self-sacrifice in improving relationships and increasing satisfaction, play their role.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using the thematic analysi, by studying articles and interviewing professors and active adolescents in cyberspace, damages were identified. Based on the identified cognitive damages, a rehabilitation package (in four areas: attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition) was developed to reduce adolescents' cognitive damages in cyberspace, to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed package, a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were used. 40 active girls in cyberspace in Arak who were screened by the pathology inventory constructed, were selected by purposive method and 20 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the implementation of the developed package improved the performance of the experimental group in attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition (p <0.001). It can be concluded that the developed cognitive rehabilitation package is also effective for improving the cognitive damages of adolescents in cyberspace.

Intelligence is one of the most important human abilities and plays a significant role in people's progress. Anything that can increase intelligence affects people's success. Examining the intelligence of societies and the factors affecting it is extremely important. The purpose of this research is whether teaching philosophy to children and teenagers can be an effective intervention in increasing successful intelligence, emotional intelligence and wisdom of students. The design of the current research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included fourth grade elementary school students in Tehran, a school was selected using available sampling method and considering the inclusion criteria, 20 female students with an average age of 10 years were selected and They were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research include Gorigor and Sternberg's successful intelligence questionnaire (2002); Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1995); Ardlet's Wisdom Questionnaire (2004); have been. The findings from the analysis of covariance showed that philosophy education for children and adolescents was effective on successful intelligence and emotional intelligence, but philosophy education for children and adolescents was not effective on wisdom, and therefore philosophy education for children and adolescents can be an effective intervention in increasing Successful intelligence and emotional intelligence of students should be used.

The aim of present study was predicting resilience from attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation of women who have experienced bereavement. The research method was of correlational type and its statistical population was women who experienced the bereavement of their spouse in Tehran in 1400. The research samples included 200 women with the experience of bereavement, who were selected by available sampling method, and filled the Collins and Reed Attachment Styles Questionnaire (RAAS), the Gratz and Roemer Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Connor and Davidson Resilience scale (CD- RISD). Pearson's correlation method and simultaneous multiple regression analysis were used to calculate the results. The results indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between avoidant attachment style, ambivalent style and difficulty in emotional regulation with resilience. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between secure attachment style and resilience (p<0.01). The results of simultaneous regression to predict resilience based on ambivalent and avoidant attachment style showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment style have the power to predict resilience negatively (p<0.01). Therefore, secure attachment style can predict greater resilience in women who have experienced spousal bereavement.

This study was done aimed to investigate the role of corona involvement severity and corona stress in predicting oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) mediated by parental aggression. The method of this study was descriptive and path analysis. The statistical population included all children and adolescents with ODD of Hormozgan province in 2021, whose parents requested counseling services due to their child's defiant problems that 260 subject were selected using convenience sampling method. Corona Stress Scale (CSS-18), Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS), Ahvaz Aggression Questionnaire (AAQ), and a researcher-made question to measure the involvement severity of corona disease were used for gathering data. Data Analyzing was conducted with Pearson correlation and path analysis and also SPSS-26 and AMOS-23 software. The results showed that the involvement severity with corona disease (0.20), corona stress (0.27) and aggression (0.25) can predict the symptoms of ODD. The involvement severity with corona disease (0.33) and corona stress (0.32) can predict aggression. The involvement severity with corona disease (0.08) and corona stress (0.08) can indirectly predict the syndrome of ODD through the mediation of aggression. According to the findings, it can be concluded that the corona involvement severity and corona stress in parents can directly and indirectly develop the symptoms of ODD in children by increasing aggression in parents.