نشریه آینه پژوهش
سال سی و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 199، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402)

In this article, in the form of the 29th part of the series of essays, named Reading Manuscript, the author has analyzed the text of several manuscripts. These texts are as follows:A note by Mirzā Jalāluddīn Tehrani in a manuscript A document about the condemnation of sending Iranian children to study in Istanbul Some historical notes about the rulers of Gilan between 1264 and 1290 The death of several scholars of Dashtaki family The history of the emergence and rise of the great power of the kingdom A multi-line travelogue to holy cities of Iraq Date of death of Sheikh Morteza Ansari Invasion of locusts in 1254 AH in Karbala and 1267 AH in Shiraz from the words of an eyewitness "Apparent justice of foreigners" as one of the signs of the emergence of Imam Mahdi A book in Ihsaie's handwriting in the house of Seyyed Kazem Rashti Date of death of Mohammad Shah Qajar A note by Abulqasem Taghari Yaghmai Writing to relieve grief from 1264 A.H Ahmed bin Hanbal's letter in defense of the people of Ardabil against Babak Khorramdin.

This article introduces and republishes a poem collection written by Mīrzā Zainul ‘Ābidin bin Muhammad Rizā Shīrāzī, the second secretary of the British Embassy and one of the calligraphers of the Qajar era. In this collection, he describes his life and the story of writing the 30-page Quran, printing and publishing it in Istanbul, and his trip to Vienna.

The geography of Shahnameh, despite the research done so far, still has ambiguities. Perhaps this matter was paid less attention than anything else in the comments written by the Shahnameh editors, and geographical names were usually in the margins of the glossaries devoted to Shahnameh. What Davoud Monshizadeh wrote about this years ago, despite its brevity and some bold opinions, is still the best source in this regard. In this article, a chapter of his book has been translated and his discussions about places like Gonabad, Pushte Gushtaspan and Dej Gonbadan have been translated into Farsi.

Badr al-Dīn Hilālī is one of the famous poets of the late Timurid and early Safavid periods. Hilālī’s lyric poems are full of delicacy, and his poetries named Shah and Dervish, the Ṣifāt  al-‘Āshiqān, Lailī and Majnūn were very popular among his contemporaries. The Collection of his poems has been published in India and Iran, and the most famous edition of the collection is an edition that was published and reprinted several times by the efforts of the late master Saeed Nafisi. Hilālī’s Diwan edited by Nafisi contains 35 quatrains in the section of quatrains. In the present article, 50 new quatrains of Hilālī are presented based on three manuscripts of his collection, one of which was written close to the poet's lifetime.

Muhammad bin Ali Ghaḍārī is one of the praising poets of the last rulers of Daylamites and one of the praisers of Maḥmud Ghaznavī. He was highly regarded by Sultan Mahmud and because of the praising poets he said for Mahmud, he received many gifts from him in a way that other poets of the court envied him. Apparently, for this reason, there was a dispute between him and ‘Unṣurī, the poet laureate of the Ghaznavid court, which was reflected in his poetry. Ghaḍāirī's famous Lāmiyyah ode was written in response to the criticism that Unṣurī had about his poetry. The following article is devoted to the correction of some verses of two odes by Ghaḍāirī that were published in Divan Unṣurī. Most of these corrections are related to the repetition of the rhyme.

The history of philosophy in Greece began with the philosophers who are called "Pre-Socratics". Today, with the efforts of Hermann Diels and Walter Krantz in collecting the remaining works of this group of philosophers, we can know their opinions and thoughts to some extent. Meanwhile, Muslim philosophers also sometimes refer to the opinions of pre-Socratic philosophers. It can be said that their main source for quoting statements from pre-Socratic philosophers is the treatise of al-Ārā al-Ṭabi’iyyah Allatī Tarḍā Bihā al-Falasifah attributed to Plutarch. The main topic of this article is the introduction of this book and its remaining manuscripts and a review of its content. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical and historical, and the data collection is done by library method. The brief conclusion reached by this article is that this treatise played a key role in the understanding of pre-Socratic by the Muslim philosophers and the subsequent reports about this group of philosophers in the Islamic world were influenced by this treatise and the understandings that came from this treatise. According to the new manuscripts of this treatise, its re-editing is also one of the important things that philosophers should pay attention to.

In 2018, Dr. Mahmoud Abedi published another revision of the book of Seirul Mulūk by Khwāja Niẓām-ul-Mulk Ṭūsī. From the textual point of view, this revision does not have many differences from the previous editions of this text (such as the edition by Hubert Dark and the edition by Jafar Shuar); Because the basic manuscript of these prints is also the well-known manuscript of the Nakhchivani library, which was also used in the mentioned editions. On the other hand, the reporter of the new edition of this book (Dr. Abedi) has added some notes in which more or less some inadequacies are found. This brief essay was written after reading the text and having a short view on its notes, which is presented here in three parts:1) False recordings   2) Semantic deficiencies in vocabulary   3) Missions and unsaid meanings

Fahmi Jadaan is one of the Palestinian thinkers and Jordanian academics who pays special attention to the field of Arab civilization and the contemporary Arab world and has published numerous works in this field. In the book Khārij al-Sarb: Baḥth fi al-Nisvīyah al-Islāmiyyah al-Rāfiḍah va Aghrāt al-Ḥurīyyah, he reports and analyzes Islamic feminism in the contemporary world. In this book, in six chapters, he tries to give a comprehensive picture of the various currents that are included under the category of Islamic feminism and count their differences and evaluate their achievements. In this book, he first talks about the origin of Islamic feminism and considers contemporary Iran and "Zanan" magazine as one of its origins. Then, it deals with the Quranic interpretive views of feminists such as Amina Wadud, Leila Ahmed and Fatemeh Al-Marnesi and places them in a group that, while adhering to the validity of the Holy Qur'an, try to give different interpretations of the verses regarding the Islamic rulings of women. Then Jadaan gives a report from the point of view of four feminists who, although they have been trained in Islamic culture, are not aligned with Islam. In the final chapter, he analyzes and criticizes some of these feminists and while suggesting paying attention to this phenomenon, and accepting some of their claims, he proposes to deal with it in an appropriate way. In this article, after reviewing the book, I have tried to recount some methodological and content considerations about this book and evaluate it.

The book of Imām Qāsim bin Ibrāhīm and the theological principles of Zaidiyyah is one of the noteworthy works of Wilferd Madelung, a famous and contemporary Islamic scholar. After more than half a century since the initial publication of this book in the German language, recently, a Persian translation of it has been published by Mrs. Shirin Shadfar. The mentioned translation, if it were done with more precision and revision, would be a more useful and acceptable work. Some of the most obvious problems in this translation are: A number of unintelligible and vague sentences and phrases, complicated, confusing, and non-fluent text, incorrect or inaccurate translations, slips in recording names and proper nouns, and editing, spelling, and typographical errors. .

Historical knowledge and analysis of theological arguments have various benefits. For instance, the accurate understanding of these arguments depends on the correct identification of their different angles in the historical context. One of the important projects in line with the thematic, historical studies in the Imami theology is a work entitled " A History of the Arguments for the Existence of God in Imami Theology" which was written by the efforts of the valuable researcher Dr. Hamid Ataei Nazari as a result of which a good and honorable achievement has been bestowed to the scientific community. This monograph is the first and most comprehensive study that reports and explains the arguments presented in the theological works of Imami, Mu'tazili and Ash'ari concerning the existence of God and describes the history and evolution of these arguments in the history of Islamic theology. The importance of this work, in particular, is related to its focus on the period of Islamic theology in which it was established and also the previous centuries, the periods in which the discussions of the theologians, due to the fact that understanding the concepts and content of their literature and terms was very difficult, have not been reflected in other works and researches. So far, no work has been written with this breadth and precision about the history and evolution of the arguments of God's existence in Imami theology, and therefore, this book can be considered as the main source and reference for understanding the topics and materials related to the arguments of God's existence in the knowledge of theology.

The book  "Tārīkh-e Beyhaq", "History of Beyhaq" written by ‘Abul Ḥasan Ali bin Zayd Beyhaqī is one of the important sources of urban historiography, which is dedicated to the historical geography of Beyhaq and is considered among the oldest local history books in the Persian language. The main part of this book is dedicated to the introduction of great scholars of science, literature, and politics who are related to the city of Beyhaq and its prominent families, including Sadat (the Prophet's descendants). The history of Beyhaq has a special place compared to other local histories, because on the one hand, it contains the biographies of notables and religious scholars, and on the other hand, it gives information about the poets and writers of Beyhaq region. It has also provided valuable and sometimes unique information about statesmen, jurists, doctors, astrologers, and mathematicians of this region, as well as schools, libraries, monasteries, neighborhoods, and villages related to Beyhaq city.The importance of this work has caused renowned professors such as Ahmad Bahmanyar and Seyed Kalimullah Hosseini Qāri to edit and publish it, and Professor Yusuf Al-Hadi translated it into Arabic and have it published. At the end of 1400, a new edition of this work was published by the efforts of Salman Sākit, a faculty member of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, which has significant advantages compared to the previous two editions. In this essay, the features of the new edition are reviewed and suggestions are presented to complete the work.

Mohammad Sālih Raḍavī (living in 1104 A.H.) is the son of Mirzā Mohammad Bāqer Mutuwallī and the brother of Mir Sālih Taqiuddīn Mohammad Mutuwallī. Four collections of poems named Jawāhir al-Khiyāl, Daqāyiq al-Khiyāl, Ma'ārij al-Khiyāl (all three, including quatrains) and Laṭāif al-Khiyāl (chosen sonnets of Safavid era poets) have survived and are well-known. But Mohammad Sālih has another book that has not been counted as one of his works so far. The reason for this is that his name and description have been mixed up with Mirzā (Abu) Sālih Raḍavī Ṣadr al-Mamālīk (died: 1090 AH), who was the son of Mirzā Mohsen Nawāb Razavī and a daughter-in-law of Shah Abbas I, and was involved in the guardianship of Āstān Quds, and the Nawāb Sālih School and The prayer hall in holy Mashhad was built by his order. In this article, while pointing out the combination of the names and biographies of these two, we introduce the book " Wasīlat al-Shifā " by Mohammad Saleh Raḍavī and its manuscripts.

In the following article, the author is trying to review the translation of the Quran by Mr. Karim Zamani. In line with this goal, he expressed his critical points about the translation from verses 88 to the end of Surah An'am and then presented his point of view.

The late Ayatollah Muhammad Asif Mohseni in his book "Mashra’a Bihār al-Anwār” has examined the Isnads of the hadiths of Bihar al-Anwar based on his own Rijal principles and identified the authentic hadiths mentioned in this book from his point of view. These authentic hadiths were collected by Mr. Sheikh ‘Ammār al-Fahdāwi under the supervision of Mr. Haider Hubballah in his book al-M’utabar Man Bihar Al-Anwar. In the present article, some of the noteworthy and thought-provoking hadiths contained in Kitāb al-M'utabar are examined and clarified, and some points and considerations are expressed about them. The mentioned points remind us of the difficulty of Islamic studies and understanding religion, as well as the need for caution in remarking about religion.

The present article is a review and critique of one of the latest translations of the Holy Quran in the Persian language, the work of one of the famous critics of the Quran translations in the last three decades. In the review of this translation, some of the problems of the previous translations of the Qur'an are not found, and special attention has been paid to matching the translation with the text of the Qur'an. In addition, the Qur'an's emphases, the indefinite pronouns, and the Tazmin and Ihtibak industries have also been considered by the translator. However, there are problems that have made it in need of basic editing in terms of form and content. The present article, which is written in a descriptive-critical method and in a library style, in addition to its strengths, has identified some of the main problems of the current translation and has also explained several points in detail. Some of these problems are: the translation method is not clear, different translations of the same phrases in similar contexts, not specifying the cited source in prioritizing the Arabic meanings or part of speech of words and phrases, not having a basis in some syntactic styles, various problems in the footnotes, mistakes In the translation of words and phrases, lack of accuracy in differentiating the additions of the translator with the text of the Qur'an and editing problems.