Nanomedicine Research Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Surface-modifying biomaterials have the potential to improve both the performance and durability of dental implantable products that are currently in use. Dental implants' surfaces may be modified to improve their biocompatibility and other biologically significant characteristics using metal and metal oxide nanoparticle coatings. The toxicity of the materials used in the synthesis, the requirement for high temperature and energy, and the high cost are just a few of the factors that restrict the use of the various physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Though, these restrictions can be overcome by developing substitute synthetic approaches that are similar to Green Synthesis and have proven to be more eco-friendly and less toxic, including the use of algae, microorganisms, and plants. Metal ions can be readily reduced into nanoparticles by plants' biomolecules, secondary metabolites, and coenzymes. Although still in its infancy, the use of metal nanoparticles produced through green synthesis in dental implants has the potential to open up new avenues for enhancing the caliber of these goods.

The new novel polymers nanocomposites based modified chitosan (CS) blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and coated gold or silver nanoparticles (AuNPs), (AgNPs) were synthesized from many sequence reactions as presented in (Scheme1, 2 and 3). By utilizing 1H-NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, and Field Emission Scanning electron microscope , the synthesized compounds have been identified. Molecular docking is studied, where operations are used to predict the binding status of compounds with the enzyme and to calculate the free energy (ΔG) of the compounds prepared. Also, the antibacterial activity regarding the synthesized compounds against two resistant pathogenic bacteria (G+) S. aureus and E. coli (G-) was examined in vitro compare with standard antibiotic (Amoxicillin). The cytotoxic effect of novel polymers nanocomposites against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells line (A549) using MTT assay was used to estimate and compare with normal cell line Rat Embryonic Fibroblasts (REF), the (modified chitosan/PVA/Au) exhibited very excellent inhibition rate. Finally, the Acute Toxicity Test of these nanocomposities were examined showed non-toxicity of these nanocomposities and histological examination of internal organs: liver, lung and kidney related to treated group showed no changes but similar those of control group.

The main objective of this study is to develop a potential antibacterial nanofibrous membrane with a highly porous structure, and a large surface area to volume ratio from a synergistic combination of a synthetic polymer with a bioactive antimicrobial compound like curcumin for different biological applications like wound healing and food packing. Soxhlet extraction and antisolvent cooling crystallization method were applied for the extraction of curcuminoids and curcumin. Characterization of isolated curcumin was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy and UV-spectrometry as validated according to the international conference of harmonization (ICH). The nanofibrous membrane was generated by an electrospinning technique from a synergistic mixture of polyvinyl alcohol with isolated curcumin. FTIR spectra confirm the presence of all the functional groups and UV-spectrophotometry presented total accuracy in % of 99.25 %, 99.56 %, 99.72 % and 99.96 % respectively. SEM results presented smooth, and continuous nanofibers without any bead-like structures with an average diameter of 215.38 + 29.32 nm in PVA-Cur-10 nanofibers samples. The antibacterial activity of isolated curcumin presented a 24.93+12.3 mm and 23.02 +1.2 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, and E.coli respectively. This study presents the successful isolation of curcumin from crude curcuminoid by antisolvent and cooling crystallization method and its use in the preparation of a potential antibacterial electrospun nanofibrous membrane with PVA. The fabricated membrane exhibited excellent durability, strength and antibacterial properties, which can be used to protect wounds and food from harmful bacteria.

In this work, the eco-friendly synthesis of silveroxidenanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs) was successfully performed using orange leaf extract with silver nitrate and silver sulfate as precursors. Several techniques were used to characterize the surfaces of the silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O-NPs), including FT-IR spectra, which showed the functional groups present in the synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles, FE-SEM images showed that the green synthesis of Ag2O-NO3-NPs and Ag2O-SO4-NPs has a spherical shape. EDX analysis spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental silver signals in the Ag2O-NPs, proving that the Ag2O-NPs were prepared within the nanoscale range and that there is a clear and tangible effect of negative ions bonded (NO3- and SO4-2) with Ag metal on the size, shape, and distribution of Ag2O-NPs. Also, the cytoxicity of the established Ag NPs at 0-200 µg/ml was assessed in breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines in vitro using MTT assay, and verified these strong cytotoxicity. As a result, the use of orange leaf extract is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective method.

The focus of many investments was pulled towards magnetic nanoparticles and their extending range of implementations in medicine and biology that particularly include drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and cancer treatment through hyperthermia, as well as other objectives such as pollutants degradation and compounds separation. This work attempted to arrange cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) by taking advantage of starch aqueous solution combined with a calcination process at 500, 600, and 700 °C. The acquired prepared NPs, which were muti-dimensional shape, were configured by the employment of X-rày Diffraction (XRD), Vibràting Sample Màgnetometer (VSM) and Energy Dispersive X-rày (EDX), Field-emission Scànning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Ràman spectroscopy. The outcomes of VSM analysis were indicative of a ferrimagnetic attitude, while the performance of MTT assay helped in assessing the cytotoxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs on colon càncer cell (CaCo2), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CAL27 and mouse embryò fibròblast cell (NIH-3T3) lines, which resulted to be non-toxic towards cancer and normal cell lines. Considering these observations, we can approve the ideal applicability of our synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs in medical implementations similar to drug delivery and non-medical utilizations.

To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the renal cell carcinoma ACHN cell-exosome on human T cell biological parameters. Human T cell was isolated from healthy donors. ACHN-cell derived exosome was procured and expression of the CD9 and CD63 was assessed using western blotting. The effects of the ACHN- exosome on T cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay within 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of treatment with 500-2000 ng/ml exosome. Also, the apoptotic cell percentages in treated cells were assessed by Annexin/PI staining and flowcytometry upon exposure with 500 and 2000 ng/ml exosome within 96 hours of treatment. According to results, exosome therapy inhibited T cell proliferation more evidently at higher concentration.  Also, treatment with exosome caused an improvement in the apoptosis of the T cell within 96 hours of treatment. Concerning the results, ACHN- exosome has negative effect on T cell viability and proliferation, facilitating immune evasion.

The arrangement of silver doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-Fe2O3 NPs) through the exploitation of Prosopis fracta leaf extract was successfully performed in this work, which was proceeded by configuring the produced NPs by the outcomes of Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM) procedures. Apparently, the observed spherical particulates contained a size of 50-60 nm, while exhibiting antimicrobial performances towards Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. They also seemed to possess potential antibacterial and anti-fungi properties at the volumes of 10 and 75 μg/mL, respectively, and thus, a viable proposal can be made regarding our synthesized product as a suitable option for dental and oral implementations. In addition, this biosynthesis method can be a suitable option for the synthesis of nanoparticles due to advantages such as cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and no use of chemical solvents.

Several efforts have been made to improve the treatment of breast cancer. Nanotechnology has been proposed as a promising strategy for the formulation of pharmaceutical compounds and increasing their efficiency. Fisetin is a natural flavonoid with anti-cancer properties. This study was conducted with the aim of improving the anti-cancer effect of fisetin with the chitosan nanoparticles delivery system and investigating some molecular pathways after treating breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB231).  After the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles, the shape, size and surface charge of nanoparticles were measured by SEM, DLS and zeta sizer. Drug loading in nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR. The drug release rate was evaluated in acidic and neutral environments.  Also, the cell cytotoxicity of fisetin and nanofisetin was investigated using MTT assay. The expression level of miR-183 and miR-96 investigated in both cell lines using real-time PCR.  Our results showed that fisetin was successfully loaded into nanoparticles. The pH-dependent release of this nanosystem facilitated the release of fisetin in the acidic environment of the tumor. Chitosan nanoparticles containing fisetin with a size of 60 nm with significant efficiency exhibited higher toxicity to the viability of cells than free fisetin, and this decrease in survival was more pronounced for the triple negative MDA-MB-231. Fisetin also significantly decreased the expression of miR-96 and miR-183 in both cell lines.  The nanoformulation of this herbal compound and its effect can present nanofisetin as a potential candidate for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Cancers are one of the major causes of death, and the development of new medicine using advanced technologies such as nanotechnology has thus received more attention. Rosmarinus officinalis as a common medicinal plant possess many biological effects, such as anticancer effects. This study investigated the chemical compositions of its essential oil using GC-MS analysis. Alpha-pinene (24.0%), eucalyptol (16.99%), verbenone (8.79%), L-borneol (7.79%), and camphor (6.87%) were the five major compounds. After that, alginate nanoparticles containing α-pinene (major compound) and R. officinalis essential oil were prepared with particle sizes of 137 ± 8 and 151 ± 7. Besides, successful loading of α-pinene or the essential oil in nanoparticles was confirmed using ATR-FTIR analysis. The efficacy (IC50) of alginate nanoparticles containing α-pinene against A-375 and MCF-7 were 582 (179-1886) µg/mL and 94 (47-187) µg/mL. These values for alginate nanoparticles containing R. officinalis essential oil were obtained as 807 (470-1383) µg/mL and 235 (168-328) µg/mL. Moreover, RT-PCR results show that the Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic gene) level in MCF-7 treated cells with alginate nanoparticles containing R. officinalis essential oil was higher than Bax (apoptotic gene); another cell death pathway rather than apoptosis was involved. Considering the proper efficacy of alginate nanoparticles containing the essential oil or α-pinene, especially against MCF-7 cells, they could be considered for further investigation in vivo.

This article used an accurate urine sample (US) from a person with daily use of methadone (MTD), whose presence was confirmed through the diffusion liquid-liquid microextraction method followed by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. At a temperature of 40 0C, keep the sample. The 2nd generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (2-GPD), which was previously synthesized, was released in the US Samples were taken from the container at different intervals.It injected the model into the high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) machine, filtering and extraction by diffusion liquid-liquid microextraction. Examining the HPLC-UV absorption of the samples taken from the US shows that with time MTD molecules migrate from the US into the cavities of the 2-GPD, and the ultraviolet absorption of MTD decreases. The finding confirms the suitability of 2-GPD as an agent for the extraction. The identification of MTD was reported in the actual US Monitoring and controlling the consumption of various drugs, such as MTD, is a challenging clinical and legal toxicology issue. Examining medications in a model such as the US always requires high accuracy. These methods include. The pre-purification stage is based on precision instruments.