نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 54 (بهار 1402)

has characteristic which distinguishe another kinds. The present research has accomplishend at scope of vocal literarure and aiming skit,s anglitic comparison in poem of sanaei qaznavi gamal Adin uohamad ben Abdorazanq wich was great poets of 8 hegi ra and Seljuk stgle . The most important discussion in this research is track record and derivation the skit at Persian literature and language the wag of use of 3 poets from prosodic rhgthm , lyrical, mental level and poems leial ,user of the name of animal in skit and use of diminutive structure ,hidden and explicit skits ,use of tabu words and personal and social skit. The obtained result show that ,anvari and gaml adin is more honest than sanaei in skit. Although , skits of sanaei and anvari than GAML Adin is crustg , bitter and hot language , but it has expressed stable and fair and show the maturitg power of those on literal zone and poeti

Polyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. The Logic of Conversation and the Concept of Discourse Gohar is the essence of Bakhtin's thought in the field of "philosophical anthropology". The main issue and purpose of this article is to study and analyze the dialogue and logic of conversation with emphasis on "plot and plot", "narrator, character" in the comprehensive narrative of the tragedy and the levels that the seeker of thought encounters. . Attar's symphony and dialogue logic are manifested in forty positions. The logic of conversation in the comprehensive narrative is an attempt to know individuals, not only through dialogue with others, but also their empathetic presence with themselves and others. The views and thoughts of the characters, which may belong to conflicting ideologies, are on a par with the author's views, and all are equally important. In Attar's phonetic symphony, actors from any selected class, position and position can play their chords, and finally, these sounds lead to a better awareness and understanding of the melody of existence and reaching the position of nearness to God. Clearly able to demonstrate the concept of polyphony or polyphony.

Mystical manifestation of Ascension in Amir Khusrau Dehlai's GamseAbstractOne of the mystical and theological issues in Persian literature is the issue of Ascension and the quality of doing it. Amir Khusrau Dehlavi's attention to this issue shows its place thought of this prominent Persion poet.The issue of Ascension in Amir Khusrau's works isn't only a religious and theological issue,but also has many mystical dimensions.The purpose of this research is to its mystical aspects. In any case, Ascension is a special intellectual theme in the realm of Amir Khusrau,s poetry, the study and mystical description of which has not had much place in Pesian research so far. The type of Ascension and the quality of its performance be analyzed.Keyword:Prophet, Issues, Gamse, Amir Khusrau DehlaviOne of the mystical and theological issues in Persian literature is the issue of Ascension and the quality of doing it. Amir Khusrau Dehlavi's attention to this issue shows its place thought of this prominent Persion poet.The issue of Ascension in Amir Khusrau's works isn't only a religious and theological issue,but also has many mystical dimensions.The purpose of this research is to its mystical aspects. In any case, Ascension is a special intellectual theme in the realm of Amir Khusrau,s poetry, the study and mystical description of which has not had much place in Pesian research so far. The type of Ascension and the quality of its performance be analyzed.

Minimalism has its roots in classical fiction. The mechanics of the world have left people with little or no time to read long stories or novels. Therefore, in these stories, the authors try to create simple and lasting stories with tricks such as avoidance of introduction, extensive use of the dialogue element, use of short words and sentences, and use of interesting and readable topics. Since each Maqame is written in the form of a short story and is thematically oriented towards minimalist stories; The need for the present study was well felt. In this descriptive-analytical study, the minimalist components of Hariri's Maqamat have been studied.The results indicate that Hariri's Maqamat, with their limited characters (five characters per story) and avoidance with short and flashy introductions, high volume of conversations (8.44%) and other features of the minimal story, including the plot Simple and including the appropriate suspension of the worries of poverty, death, misery, humiliation, preaching, avoiding worldliness, etc., has the ability to apply the story

Language is one of the major constructs for establishing culture. Generally speaking, progress of the components of culture such as economic, architecture, art, and music, religious and national rituals is achieved in the context of the language. No literature, religion, art and science can be developed without culture. The miracle of language is represented by manifestations of ethical and psychological principles via harmonic interpretations.Since ethical codes are rooted in the human nature, they are enforceable in the context of culture and this dogmatic credit establishes moralities in the position beyond the historical evolution of a nation. In the scope of these ethical principles, cultures are defined and communities are established according to cultures. Undoubtedly, the mystery of development of a nation relies in its ethical principles.By concurrent identification of human nature and ethics besides necessity of enforcement of moral rules in the communities, Saadi suggests that the human soul has subtleties that learning skills seems essential for improving ethical codes in that context. One of the essential skills is to learn to avoid holistic view on ethics. However, this view does not dictate to include ethics in a specific group, it means to enforce ethical principles and rules in accordance to the conditions of groups beyond time and place and this category has naturally considered under the title of the ethics of care by nineteenth and twentieth centuries psychologists by this difference that it is free from going to extremities.

schemas are one of the most important concepts in cognitive linguistics, the main issue of which is that actions and behaviors emerge from us in this world, and through this, fundamental conceptual structures emerge to think about abstract matters. Are used. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method, examines the types of imaginary schemas (volumetric, kinetic and power) in the word "love" in Farrokhi Sistani's poems. The purpose of this study is to identify these schemas in Farrokhi's sonnets and how the word "love" is objectified in them. The results indicate that among the three imaginary schemas, the power schema has a higher frequency in Farrokhi's lyric poems; Because Farokhi shows in his poems that love has influenced the lover with his great power. After the concept of power schema, the motion schema has the highest frequency in Farrokhi's lyric poems, which has been used to show the companionship of love with the lover during the path of love. The volumetric schema has the lowest frequency and with the help of this schema, the poet shows the sufferings of the lover in the path of love.

The writer's or poet's method is called a style that shows their specific concepts and topics. In literary works, the study of intellectual, literary and linguistic features makes the reader understand the author's point of view. Pavaraki novel is a new phenomenon and a branch of It is literature.Language of the work: A footnote with simple language and general structure shows the weaknesses and cultural defects of the society.It reflects political, social and historical realities like a mirror. With the political and social upheavals of the end of the Qajar period, writers with a sharp pen showed the flaws of the society. The historical footnote novel "Hamoyeh" was written with the theme of love and simple prose and narrative language encouraging patriotism.

This essay has analyzed the narrative of the intellectual content of the historical novel with a descriptive-analytical method.The noteworthy point is the analysis of the male historical characters of the work.Popular novels can be separated from elitist literature due to certain clichés and frameworks throughout the work, events, characters, story line, and fixed themes such as love triangles and squares, boy and girl falling in love. All these features are mainly around a simple axis and to make the story interesting.

The language of these novels, according to the type of audience, is simple, far from complexity. In these novels, love and ho.

Jill Deleuze is one of the greatest contemporary philosophers, including thinkers in the field of minority literature studies has had significant. "Minority" is the breaking of the shackles that bind us to certain ways of thinking in order to eliminate and achieve conventional realms through demilitarization. Becoming or becoming means the transitions through which a concept is transformed.The minority becomes a resistance to the ideology of the majority and represents an escape from the norms of the majority. All forms are to go to the literature of the minority and to become a minority. Becoming plays a central role in Deleuze's view. He uses the rhizome to explain his philosophy of becoming. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical method, while providing a definition of minority literature, an attempt is made to analyze and recognize this theory in the novel Verman Jai Khali Salouch. Thrill comes from its influence.By reading two novels, according to the approach of minority literature, we found that the features of this thinking are among the most important It is characterized by deterritorialization to achieve becoming, and the application of this approach is possible in both novels.

Irfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobri, a great mystic of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, who is known by his eternal students. It has great ideas that are still unknown. The necessity of this research occurs because many of the thoughts of this sheikh, who has remained abandoned, have a different wording from other mystics. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library and documentary studies, has investigated the zikr and its related issues in the works of Najmuddin Kobari. In addition to dhikr, we discuss controversial topics such as the great name, the prohibition or non-possession of names, and the place of the attributes of divine beauty and glory in the conduct of this Sheikh Wali Tarash. Of course, wider research is needed to resolve the ambiguities and mysteries of Sheikh Kabri's thought.

committed literature covers avariety of areas. Expressing the social and political issues of society isone of the most important approaches in this type of literature In the last century, similar social and political situations have developed in the society of Iran and Egypt. Issues that exposed the independence and identity of such countries to foreign aggression and, as a result, posed a serious threat; Thus, social poets entered the turmoil of such a turbulent situation, and the most important of them was dealing with social and political issues. Inthis descriptive-analytical study, socio-political themes in the poems of Adib al-Mamalak and Ahmad Shawqi have been extracted and studied based on the American comparative school. Findings of the research indicate that themes such as patriotism, mention of Free people and patriotic heroes, encouragement of unity and solidarity, disgust with foreigners and criticism of social disorders have been widely used in the poetry of these two poets. With the difference that Adib al-Mamalek has included minor social issues in his poetry; Ahmad Showqi, on the other hand, has often raised larger issues. Both patriotic poets initially have a positive view of the constitutional movement; But with the entry of anomalies into the structure of the movement, they change their course and complain about it. Reformism and the need for positive action of various classes of society and politicians are among the most important solutions that these two poets propose to achieve national prose.

Birth, as one of the most mysterious aspects of creation, is one of the hallmarks of human principles and beliefs. Through myths, human beings have passed on their beliefs about procreation, longing for life and its continuation through myths. In many folk tales of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, the birth of the hero or its contexts is more prominent than his actions after birth. The hero, death and resurrection in various forms, the belief in immortality and life after death is believed by the people of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Are separable. In terms of superstructure, no birth is apparently similar to another birth, but basically, the foundation and depth of construction are all the same, and if there is a difference in superstructure or appearance, it is a myth. In addition, it is shown that the unusual birth of a hero in magical legends is more noticeable than this element in non-magical stories. This research was carried out by descriptive-analytical method by examining the element of normative birth and its types in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad oral-magical myths. In this study, it was shown that birth has types that are divided into sub-categories such as types of birth origin.

This study with application of a mixed-view of translation and linguistics, conducted to analyze the translations of banking texts in the documentary credit section (custom and practices) of international banking by selection of five translated books among which one hundred and seventy sentences were randomly selected. To this end, two perspectives of Newmark translation equivalent finding strategies and structural semantics with a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources were applied in order to analyze and recognize those translation strategies which are most frequently utilized and have prominent role in the correct translation and transmission of meaning in these types of text. Findings of the study indicate that transference and through-translation are the most frequent strategies and others are less likely to occur. Also, recognized translation, translation label, compensation, componential analysis, notes, additions and glosses and cultural strategies (in the specialized section of texts) are not utilized at all. Contrary to the frequency and based on the founded samples: functional, descriptive, componential analysis, notes, additions and glosses and through-translation play a more prominent role in translations of these types of text. Of course, this does not mean that other strategies do not play a role in equivalent selections of such texts, but the appropriate use of other strategies seems to be superficial for translation and transfer of correct meaning in these types of text and each strategy must be used in its proper place.

One of the theories that is being explored in literary contexts today is Jung's archetypal theory, and one of the topics of this theory is archetypal ideas, which mainly include person, situation and symbols. One of these assumptions is the character that is seen a lot in the butchery of the appearance of Tarshizi and Saadatnameh of Astarabadi, but due to the unknownness of these two works, not enough research has been done on them and many of their valuable angles have been hidden.In this article, by examining this component in the mentioned works, we want to help interpret their verses and answer the questions of how Zohuri and Astarabadi know about the ideas of archetypes and what is the frequency of each idea in Saqiqnameh and Saadatnameh. It seems that despite the lack of knowledge of archeology in the modern sense, emergence and astronomy have a deep and accurate knowledge of archaic ideas and have used them in their works in a special way using the element of imagination. Also, in these two works, the ideas of religious-national figures are superior to other types, and the idea of the seeker is only for the poet who has searched and finally reached mysticism. The result is presented in an analytical-descriptive library method.

The literature of sustainability is a collection of literary works whose main foundation is the resistance of the people of a country in the way of protecting the homeland and persistence against oppression and the critical and protest literature is a cry from the heart of committed poets who criticize the shortcomings and anomalies and injustices in the society With the cry of freedom and perseverance, they bring down the whip of words on the oppressors and their goal is to create a spirit of stability in the people, and they put literary words in the service of human excellence, anti-tyranny, seeking justice and the stability of the Iranian nation in the eight years of holy defense was able to open new horizons in various fields, including poetry and literature and the poets of stable literature with a sense of religion and commitment to the people; They created the opportunity to create valuable critical works for themselves With various topics and concepts such as Ashura and mystical themes, description of freedom, martyrdom, patriotism, and most importantly protest themes (objection to luxury and worldliness, wave of protest arose in the poetry of poets of the resistance, especially Qazveh In this article, the protest and critical poems of these poets are investigated in an analytical and descriptive way which has resulted in Qazvah being the leader in this field with the aim of correcting anomalies and injustices and trying to explain and educate the people.