نشریه سامانه های غیرخطی در مهندسی برق
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Brushless direct current motors have been considered by many researchers due to their many advantages over other direct current motors. The upper band is unknown and aims to converge in a limited time. For this purpose, by rewriting the motor model in the presence of modeling uncertainties and limited external perturbations, the terminal slip mode control law is designed to stabilize the system and converge the output speed and motor flow to the desired values ​​in a finite time, using the development theorem. In this control law, the high bandwidth of total uncertainties and external disturbances is estimated online using an adaptive law. Finally, while calculating the system convergence finite time, an idea to reduce the umbrella in using the terminal slip mode control is presented. The results of the numerical simulations performed show the accuracy of the designed controllers.

The same size of the helix steps in a traveling wave tube has a direct relationship with the efficiency of the system. In this article, the goal is to build a device that measures helix steps automatically and with proper accuracy by using image processing. For this purpose, the proposed algorithm was presented along with innovations in the fields of noise removal and threshold determination for the automatic measurement of helix steps, and the prototype of the device was made. This device has the ability to work in two modes of manual and automatic measurement, and it has no domestic equivalent, and it is much cheaper in terms of cost and use in measuring helix steps than the sample made abroad. In automatic mode, this device is able to measure all helix steps at once. In the case of a similar sample made abroad the steps must be measured manually and separately. The selection of the beginning and end points of steps in this device is done adaptively, which increases the speed of measurement and increases the repeatability in measuring steps. In the sample made abroad, the selection of the start and end points of the steps is done by the user, which reduces the repeatability of the measurement. The obtained results show that the measurement accuracy of the manufactured device is acceptable compared to the sample made abroad.

Nowadays, sleep deprivation is a pervasive problem that affects human physical and mental health. In this research, the effects of sleep deprivation on brain function and its diagnosis have been studied using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded from 30 subjects after complete sleep and one day of sleep deprivation with open and closed eyes. Linear features like signal power and nonlinear features consisting of Shannon, Renyi, sample, and permutation entropies were extracted from signals. We used the PCA algorithm and Wilcoxon feature ranking method to extract the superior features and employed SVM, KNN, and a Decision tree to detect sleep-deprived cases. Brain maps of extracted features were plotted using the sLORETA algorithm to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation. Based on the results, the decision tree classifier with 100 superior selected features of Wilcoxon achieved the best performance with accuracy and precision of 99.0% and 99.8%, respectively. Also, comparing the results of linear and nonlinear features reveals the impressive role of the nonlinear features in the classification problem of this work. The maps of the features revealed noticeable changes in the level of attention, concentration, decision-making, and visual and movement activities.

Today, electricity service providers have to consider economic index as well as social indicators and consumer perspectives. In this paper, by studying the consumer satisfaction function, a new load model based on nonlinear consumer perspective has been developed. The main variable in the proposed model is the coefficient of individual consumer behavior, which requires field and statistical activities to estimate. As an alternative solution in this paper, the relationship between demand elasticity and individual behavior coefficients has been mathematically developed to estimate these coefficients through demand elasticity information. Also, a new demand response program based on individual behavior and satisfaction function has been developed to determine the incentive rate for consumer participation in an optimal way based on their individual perspective. In the numerical results section, the data of Iran's electricity network has been selected for study. Numerical results showed that in order to study the annual consumption change, in addition to increasing prices, inflation rates and increasing consumer incomes also need to be examined. It was also shown that for the Iranian electricity grid, the demand response program implementation for the household consumers has the lowest cost. However, in order to achieve maximum welfare, it is more appropriate these programs have been applied to the public customers.

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been considered by researchers due to their high efficiency, low pollution, and high-power density in distributed generation systems. In this paper, the connected PEMFC fuel cell power recovery system with an LCL filter is evaluated in the harmonic Grid. LCL filters, despite their greater ability to attenuate harmonics, can lead to system resonance and instability. In this research, a transformer has been used to connect the fuel cell inverter to the Grid and its leakage inductance has been used as the inductor on the network side. Besides, for optimal resonance damping, and attenuation of current ripple caused by grids voltage harmonics, capacitor voltage through feedback control has been used. Complete control of capacitor voltage feedback includes proportional, derivative, and second-order components. In the proposed control scheme, the capacitor voltage derivative component opposes the capacitor current feedback due to identical and symmetrical loop gain. Therefore, both of them can be deleted. Thus, the capacitor current sensor is saved. Instead, the LCL filter resonance is damped by a proportional component and a second-order derivative of the capacitor voltage. A low-pass filter is also added to the second-order derivative in the controllable frequency range to ensure system stability. The simulation results of the PEMFC power recovery system in different conditions confirm the proper attenuation of the grid-connected inverter, the injection of current of suitable quality into the contaminated and harmonic grid, the stability, and the appropriate dynamic response of the proposed system.

In this paper, the finite-time path tracking problem for a typical fully-actuated unmanned marine vehicle subject to unknown physical constants, modelling uncertainties, and environmental disturbance forces (generated by sea waves) is studied and discussed. To deal and handle the mentioned tracking problem, a novel hybrid control structure (based on the finite-time adaptive-robust approach) is proposed. First, a comprehensive model is extracted and introduced to describe kinematic and dynamic behaviors of the unmanned marine vehicle. In this model, all physical constants of the unmanned marine vehicle are assumed to be unknown. Also, modelling uncertainties and unknown environmental disturbance forces are considered as a lumped vector term added to the right side of the comprehensive model. To overcome with parametric uncertainties, all terms of the left side of the comprehensive model, which include unknown physical constants, are converted to the parametric linear regression form. Second, by developing the terminal sliding mode control method, defining several types of innovative nonlinear sliding manifolds, and designing adaptation laws, a novel adaptive-robust nonlinear control structure is proposed to exactly steer the unmanned marine vehicle (in the existence of aforementioned unwanted factors) to the desired trajectory within an adjustable finite time. Time responses related to the estimation of unknown physical constants will precisely converge to the fixed values after the finite time which are not identical to the nominal values of physical constants. Third, by utilizing mathematical analysis (based on the Lyapunov stability theorem), it is proven that the proposed hybrid control approach is able to both accomplish the path tracking objective and guarantee the global finite-time stability for the closed-loop unmanned marine vehicle. Moreover, the stability analysis demonstrates that the convergence finite time is the summation of two smaller finite time (called reaching and settling times) and these times could be determined by two novel separate inequalities. Finally, by using MATLAB software, the introduced adaptive-robust nonlinear control approach is simulated onto the Cybership II and simulation results demonstrate that the finite-time path tracking aim is appropriately fulfilled and satisfied.