پژوهش نامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار و تابستان 1402)

Today, knowledge is regarded as a valuable and strategic source for organizations. Without management and knowledge application, organizations are bound to lose the competition—practical application of knowledge results in economic, social, and cultural development. Knowledge management collects knowledge from inside and outside the organization, makes it into a strategy, applies it, and protects it. Knowledge management can also improve service quality by responding quicker to the services. Knowledge management is rapidly becoming a critical organizational capability in creating a competitive advantage in the construction industry. When implemented correctly, knowledge management can help the organization enrich individuals' talents, skills and qualifications for purposes and business innovation. Considering today's unsustainable competitive environment, knowledge management caught the attention of many prospective organizations. Effective implementation of knowledge management in organizations is a significant factor in improving efficiency, cutting costs, using organizational knowledge, developing strategic projects, and gaining competitive advantages. Due to the importance of implementing knowledge management in organizations, the demand for adopting coherent and understandable methods for managing and evaluating knowledge management has increased. To meet the mentioned demand, researchers and experts suggest a maturity model to formally describe the development process of knowledge management through assessing the definition, managing, controlling, and checking the efficiency of knowledge management. Situational awareness, planning, and goal setting are required to improve organizational knowledge management. They are identifying existing gaps in applied knowledge management results in taking critical approaches to improve the present situation. Accordingly, the current research has been conducted to evaluate the maturity of knowledge management with the importance-performance approach in Kayson company.

This research is based on the purpose of an applied-developmental study. Based on the data collection method, it is a non-experimental (descriptive) study of the cross-sectional survey type. Also, this study used a mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative). The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and the quantitative part was the Likert scale questionnaire. The Holstein coefficient was used to validate the qualitative aspect, and the quantitative component was validated with face validity and Cronbach's alpha calculation. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes the managers of Kayson Company, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Theoretical saturation was achieved with 19 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative part includes the managers and experts of Kayson company. The sample size was calculated by Cochran's formula of 140 people. Sampling in the quantitative component was done by simple random method. To analyze the data in the qualitative aspect, the method of thematic analysis and MAXQDA software was used. Then, using gap analysis and importance-performance analysis, the status of maturity of knowledge management was evaluated.

Based on the findings of qualitative parts and semi-structured interviews with experts, 298 codes were identified. Using axial coding and content analysis, we classified the specified codes into seven major categories, including "managing knowledge management,” "processes,” "people,” "technology,” "knowledge orientation,” "learning and innovation," and "knowledge management results" as well as 42 basic concepts. Findings of classification of maturity components of knowledge management in Kayson company demonstrate that the scores of technologies, learning, and Innovation are higher than average. These components are two of the most influential factors in the knowledge management process in Kayson company. Other factors _managing knowledge management, strategy, people, knowledge processes, and knowledge management results_ are less critical. Based on the obtained scores, Kayson company is in a developed stage at an average level. Knowledge management results in Kayson company involve successful experiences in similar cases of knowledge management, the existence of indices for evaluating the level of knowledge orientation of the company, cases of improving processes through the application of knowledge, enhancing the company's efficiency, increasing customer satisfaction and interactions with them, improving quality and profitability and so on. Considering the results, Kayson company should implement knowledge management comprehensively. This company can reach knowledge management maturity by passing from the development stage to the refinement stage.

The approach of importance-performance in Kayson company shows that all the research indices are essential. Therefore, there is no matter of indifference or dissipation. Furthermore, there is a gap between importance and performance in all cases, and the understanding of individuals is less than their expectations. Therefore, the existing gap between the present situation and expectations is significant. In other words, a considerable gap exists between what it is and what it should be. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the managers of Kayson company establish coordination between key capabilities of knowledge management and strategies. Moreover, they can plan work systems and knowledge-oriented processes to reach technology orientation and implement knowledge in accomplishing methods. Also, they can continually evaluate and improve knowledge-based processes through systematic and knowledge-oriented organizing.

The mission of public libraries is to increase reading and promote reading in the society, and in addition to common capitals such as human capital, economic capital, etc., and it has social capital, which is a cure for the pains of societies, especially developing and multicultural societies. Investing in customer loyalty is an effective and beneficial investment for service companies. It is important to maintain loyal customers because they ensure the repeated use and more use of the library and its services. Although increasing the number of users is one of the most important goals of libraries, research has shown that the cost of keeping current customers is lower than the cost of attracting new customers. Therefore, what is important is to determine the loyalty of library users, which means usage, satisfaction with services and planning and taking action to increase it. Because having an efficient library with loyal patrons and satisfied with the services provided can facilitate the process of user interaction with the library, and as a result, loyal users have positive consequences and many benefits for the library. Loyalty measurement has intensified especially now that libraries are faced with the challenge of losing clients or reducing their frequency of visits on the one hand and the existence of technological communication networks to meet people's information needs as an alternative to visiting, on the other hand. Also, despite the vast improvements in terms of physical and human resources in the country's public libraries, the issue of the audience and the distance of the audience from the library is an issue that we are still facing, and the institution of public libraries should have proper planning in the field of customer communication, audience attraction, service marketing and increasing user loyalty. Therefore, in this research, the effect of social capital of librarians on the loyalty of members is investigated with regard to the mediating role of social responsibility of public libraries in order to determine whether the social capital of librarians and the social responsibility of public libraries simultaneously have a place in explaining the increase in loyalty of members based on theoretical modeling and its analytical measurement.

The present research is a descriptive-survey of a quantitative type and in terms of the relationship between the variables of the research, it is of a causal type. The statistical population included all members of the library and 127 librarians working in public libraries of Markazi Province. Sample size was measured using Cochran's stratified sampling method; It was calculated for the limited society (librarians) equal to 95 people and the unlimited society (library members) equal to 384 people. To measure social capital from the questionnaire of 24 questions of Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1999) with three dimensions (cognitive, relational and structural) (α=0.805), social responsibility from the questionnaire of Carroll (1991) in the form of 28 items with four components: economic responsibility, responsibility legal, ethical responsibility and social responsibility (α=0.791) and member loyalty from Caruana's customer loyalty scale (2002) with 21 items in ten dimensions (customer loyalty to the service provider; overall service quality; service costs; service receipt time; evaluation difficulty service; service provider's special knowledge about customers; information search cost; service provider stability; service geographic distance estimation and service quality performance scale) (α=0.766) were used. SPSS version 25 and Lisrel version 8.8 software were used for data analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test research hypotheses.

The results show that the correlation coefficient of librarians' social capital with the social responsibility of libraries and the loyalty of library members is 0.558 and 0.537, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between the social responsibility of libraries and the loyalty of library members is 0.508, which is positive and significant. (P<0.001). The average answers for three research variables were determined to be higher than the average of the questionnaire (score 3). Also, the RMSEA index was equal to 0.068 and it is less than the threshold of 0.08 and the ratio of Chi-square to the degree of freedom is equal to 1.41 and it is less than the threshold of 3. Also, the GFI and AGFI indices are equal to 0.94 and 0.91, respectively, which show favorable values, in addition, the factor loadings are also at a suitable level for all items (T>1.65); Therefore, the fit indices of the model are also at a suitable and acceptable level and the research model is confirmed. So that it can be said that the social capital of librarians has a positive and significant effect on the social responsibility of public libraries and the loyalty of library members, and the social responsibility of public libraries has a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of library members. On the other hand, it was found that the greatest effect is related to the influence of librarians' social capital on the social responsibility of public libraries.Discussion and

As one of the influential institutions in the society, public libraries have a prominent role in the production of social capital for different societies, and in principle, one of the main goals of creating and establishing these libraries in societies can be interpreted in order to highlight this role. With regard to the purpose of investigating the effect of social capital of librarians through the mediating role of social responsibility of libraries on the loyalty of members of public libraries in central province, a model was proposed in the field of the relationship between key variables and confirmed after analysis. Strengthening the intensity of loyalty through librarians' attention to the library's social responsibility is very important. The social responsibility of libraries makes customers loyal to the library and return to the library will have positive effects on the growth and development of books and reading. Paying more attention to the customer, compared to paying more attention to profit, brings more sustainable profits to organizations. Also, libraries that are active in fulfilling social responsibility achieve a good image of the library and positive experiences among members, and accordingly, they attract their satisfaction and increase the offer of library membership to others.

Websites are platforms through which authors and publishers provide scientific and non-scientific information sources to readers and customers. Therefore, in the digital age and in the world of electronic information, the place and point of connection between creators and readers are most often websites. Scientific journals, as one of the most important sources of reliable scientific information, are available to researchers and enthusiasts through websites, so that the higher the usage and applicability of a scientific journal's website is, the higher the usage and visibility of that publication will be. The purpose of the current research is to investigate and evaluate the usability of the websites of Persian-language scientific journals in the field of knowledge and information science, based on the ten principles of Nielsen, which have obtained A grade in the ranking results of 2021. The review of the background of the research showed that a lot of research has been done in Iran and the world in the field of evaluating the usability of different websites over the past years, so that since the year 2000, many researches have been published, of which a very small part was mentioned. This point can indicate the importance and many applications of the results of this type of research. Another important point is that evaluating the usability of websites can be done in different ways, among which exploratory evaluation has been used in the majority of researches due to its cost-effectiveness and ease and feasibility. As can be seen in the mentioned researches, in order to carry out an exploratory evaluation, evaluators need a checklist, which is generally based on the identified criteria of past research and is presented by researchers in a researcher-made form, among which the ten principles or the Nielsen model are the most used. It has been assigned in the research that this is the proof that Nielsen's ten classic principles are still relevant and applicable, and their universality and comprehensiveness have been proven.

The present study is qualitative and applied, which was carried out using the exploratory evaluation method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire prepared according to Nielsen's ten principles. The content validity method was used to measure the content validity of the checklist. For this purpose, the list was given to four experts in knowledge and information science and their correction comments were used to edit the final checklist. The community of this research was the websites of journals of the first rank in the field of knowledge and information science of Iran. To identify the research community, the portal of scientific and research publications of the country was referred to https://journals.msrt.ir and from the "group" menu, humanities and from the "subgroup" menu, knowledge and information science was selected and then searched. The search result was 7 publications. In order to carry out the evaluation, four experts of knowledge and information science who had the necessary experience and knowledge in this field were used.

The findings showed that in the components of "compatibility between the website and the real world" (average above 4), "stability and uniformity" (average around 4), "aesthetic aspects and minimal design" (average above 3.66) the status of websites was desirable, and in the components of "website visibility" (numbers between 3 and 3.66), "status of database control by the user and his freedom of action" (average numbers in the range between 2.33 and 3.66), "status of identification and recovery of information" and "flexibility and efficiency" (all average numbers above 2.50) the status of these websites is relatively favorable and in the components of "error prevention/correction status" (average numbers below 2) and "assistance and guidance possibilities" (average numbers lower than 2.33), the status of these websites is unfavorable. Regarding the severity of the problems, the findings indicate that in most of the components and among all the websites, the level of the severity of the problem is minor. In other words, all the numbers are around 2.5 and less than that, and therefore the severity of the problems have been evaluated as a minor problem at most. Meanwhile, the severity of the problems in the "flexibility and efficiency" component in the websites of the library and information publication has been evaluated as a fundamental problem.

The usability of all the websites investigated in the current research were evaluated very close to each other and relatively favorable. As the findings showed, in terms of compliance with Nielsen's ten components in these websites, the differences are very small and insignificant, and all of them are more or less in the same rank. It seems that many of these websites use a common and similar platform, and because of this, the observed differences were very small. It is suggested to take detailed measures to add help and guidance facilities in different parts of the websites to prevent the possibility of errors. Considering that according to the evaluation made in this research, the websites under the research were evaluated as favorable and relatively favorable in many components by expert evaluators, it is necessary to be informed about the opinions of a large number of normal and daily users of these websites and the amount It examined the usability of these websites from this point of view. It is also necessary to consider similar foreign websites for comparison with these websites and evaluate them as well.

Digital libraries are trying to increase services to their users by removing the obstacles to and limitations of traditional libraries, such as the mass volume of publications, followed by the increase in the cost of providing printed resources, the lack of library space and the exhaustion of resources by providing resources in electronic formats. Digital library of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi is the biggest and most important digital library in Iran. This library tries to use advanced technology in order to change accessibility of users to the information resources and attract their attention. On the other hand, evaluating user's satisfaction is a good measure of a library's performance. Hence the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library through assessing its users' satisfaction.

This study was an applied research and its methodology was evaluative. Research population consisted of all users of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library (40,000 people) which used the digital library in the year 2021. The sample was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table through simple random sampling (380 people). The required data was collected by a questionnaire. It included two parts: first part includes demographic information (such as sex, age, education and job experience in digital library of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi) and the second part of questionnaire includes 42 items evaluating usability of the digital library. In order to confirm the validity of the research tool, the comments and viewpoints of some instructors teaching at Imam Reza International University of Mashhad, Iran, were applied. In order to confirm the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was used. The total alpha coefficient was 96. Also from 380 people which received questionnaires online, 365 people (near 96%) returned them. The gathered data was analyzed through the SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Four criteria were found including "available digital resources", "usage capability", "performance status" and "search and retrieval status" to evaluate the usability of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library. The findings showed that the highest rate of users' satisfaction regarding to the usability of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library is related to search and retrieval functions. Among retrieval attributes understandable keywords, accessibility process, attractiveness, browsing by subject, and tutorial guide achieved the highest level of satisfaction. Also the lowest level of satisfaction related to recall and precision, speed and the level of information distribution. while the lowest satisfaction rate obtained for functionality. The findings revealed that users' satisfaction of usability of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library was more than average level. By the way, showing strengths and weakness point of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library was another result in this research. Among the strengths points, we can refer to different search strategies and feasible user interface provided by digital library that surely facilitates accessibility to the library different sections and various sources of information. In addition, using various colors for attractiveness makes it possible for the users to be able to easily separate various services provided in digital libraries. In addition, using different mobile applications aside with related guide showed that managers and experts of digital library pay more attention to their users and their needs.

By identifying the factors influencing the usability of Astan-e Quds-e Razavi digital library as the results of this research, managers can promote the quality of the library and therefore increase the user’s satisfaction. Also considering the results of this research by librarians may leads to supplying information with various formats, regarding usable strategy to distribute information based on users’ information needs and finally motivating digital library users to reuse the library.

Efforts to make information literacy education dynamic and adaptable to the changing generations and their preferences are on the agenda of policymakers in different countries. Attempts are made to encourage students to participate in information literacy courses using new tools. Information literacy includes identifying one's own information needs, the skill of discernment, location, organization, evaluation, and effective use of information that individuals use to solve their problems. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the role of gamification in teaching information literacy skills to middle school students in the city of Izeh.

The present study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all 9,612 middle school students in the city of Izeh who were studying in the academic year of 2021-2022. Based on this, 52 students were selected from among the students using the available sampling method to prevent potential dropouts, and were randomly assigned to two groups of 26 students: the control and experimental groups. Informed consent was the criterion for entry into the study, and the lack of willingness to continue participating in the study was the criterion for exit. The experimental group received information literacy education for 10 sessions using gamification, while the control group received traditional education. The data collection tool was Yazdani's information literacy concepts and skills questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there is a significant correlation between independent and dependent variables in pre-test and post-test in all cases. There is a significant difference between the mean scores of learning information evaluation skills, learning information organization skills, and learning information exchange and dissemination skills among the statistical samples in pre-test and post-test. In other words, the mean scores of learning information evaluation skills, learning information organization skills, and learning information exchange and dissemination skills in the experimental group in the post-test phase are significantly higher than the control group, and gamification has a significant effectiveness on these three dimensions of information literacy. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of learning information needs definition skills and learning information acquisition skills in the experimental group in the post-test phase, so it can be said that gamification has no significant effect on these two dimensions of information literacy.

The research results have shown that the use of gamification has played a role in improving the information literacy skills of middle school students in the city of Izeh and has led to an increase in their overall information literacy skills. Gamified learning environments increase social interaction and collaboration for effective learning. The results of this study also showed that Kahoot educational tools based on gamification elements had positive effects on competition, participation in learning, and motivation of learners. However, the results also showed that gamification has no role in improving students' information needs definition skills in middle school in Izeh. The results indicate that students' information needs, or in other words, their sense of competency in performing tasks and skills, their sense of usefulness and effectiveness, their sense of trust, competition and challenge, control over consequences, influence and dominance over the environment, and sense of success and efficiency, are met through active learning methods. Information-literate students should be able to express their information needs, and gamification should provide them with a platform to become familiar with their desired topic and define or review it. Additionally, the software should provide features that enable students to analyze their own questions and design information-based queries. This skill was not met in this study, indicating a gamification deficiency.Results also showed that gamification does not have a role in improving the information literacy skills of middle school students in the city of Izeh. Learners need to identify ways of finding knowledge and information, be able to easily access various information resources, evaluate them, and apply them. Studies have also shown that although students' information literacy skills improve after short-term educational interventions, it is not enough, and usually students cannot fully answer all questions or tasks after the educational intervention. Therefore, there is a need for more comprehensive educational interventions in more sessions to enhance students' overall information literacy skills. Gamification for children should help them become familiar with various information resources. Additionally, this software can help children develop skills in identifying, evaluating, and selecting information resources. In this study, this skill of students was not met, indicating a deficiency in gamification. The results of the third hypothesis showed that the use of gamification in learning the skill of information evaluation has a role in middle school students' information literacy. The skill of information evaluation can also save time during research, improve the quality of retrieved information, and ultimately improve the quality of the research based on this information. As users of these software, students should be familiar with the principles and criteria for evaluating resources and information and use critical thinking to collect and analyze information. Gamification should enhance students' cognitive skills in collecting and analyzing information to increase this skill.The results obtained from the fourth hypothesis showed that the use of gamification in learning the skill of organizing information has an impact on middle school students in the city of Izeh. The goal of this skill is for students to be able to compare information obtained critically and organize it. Therefore, technologies designed to teach information literacy to children should be effective in facilitating critical and analytical thinking in the collection, use, and organization of information. Students with information literacy skills organize information for better use and application. The design of gamification for students should help develop this skill in children by following the principles of designing databases and using various programs to categorize and organize information. This study has met this skill in students, indicating the positive impact of gamification on this skill. The results of the fifth hypothesis showed that the use of gamification in learning the skill of exchanging and disseminating information has a significant role and increases this skill among middle school students in Izeh. In the current world, the web has provided a new information space; individuals can publish information on the Internet, search and retrieve their desired information, or even interact with other users. Using this platform, like any other information resource, requires the skill of exchanging and disseminating information, which is one of the most important information literacy skills. Gamification can help children establish communication with others in teaching information literacy concepts. Students can use the features provided in these software programs to exchange ideas and opinions with others and expand their information range.

The performance of people and organizational units is largely affected by organizational variables. Some organizational variables, such as the level of trust between people, have an effect on performance, especially in the case of jobs whose operators perform part of their activities outside the work environment, the importance of this matter becomes more important; because trust between people is one of the components that affects the entire mental atmosphere of employees both in the work environment and outside of it. Organizational trust is a psychological environment that must be built with the help of all members of the organization, and it means that employees ensure that they are not harmed by managers, colleagues and other stakeholders. The results of the studies show that organizations that have a suitable level of trust have more coordinated structures, stronger strategic alliances, stronger work teams, more effective crisis management, facilitating empowerment, the ability to change, and reducing psychological pressure. Reducing uncertainty about the future, the desire to obey the decisions of the supervisor and the organization's regulations, and improving organizational effectiveness are more successful, better adaptability, more innovation, more cooperative behaviors, more desirable purposefulness, and higher loyalty. In recent years, trust has been in the spotlight as a vital element in the success of organizations. In organizations such as universities, where most of their activities are educational and research, trust is much more important. In this type of organizations, participation and cooperation, exchange of views, knowledge and information, and doing group work that is necessary to carry out effective educational and research activities will not be formed in an atmosphere based on trust. However, few researches have been done in the field of trust among faculty members in universities. This has left universities without clear guidance on how to strengthen the vital relationships between faculty members and their administrators. In order to strengthen the trust among the faculty members, before doing anything, one must know the factors that cause distrust in order to increase trust by removing them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting mistrust among the faculty members of knowledge and information science departments of Iranian state universities.

The current research is an applied type, which was carried out using the ground theory method. The statistical population of the present study was the faculty members of the knowledge and information science departments of Iran's state universities, and the sample members were selected by purposive sampling. The basis for selecting the sample members was that they have at least 3 years of work experience as faculty members, and an effort was made to include as many as possible from all educational groups in the country, although some people did not cooperate with the researchers. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data, which included 4 main questions, and of course, other questions were also asked depending on the interview process. The process of conducting interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation after interviewing 38 faculty members. In terms of academic rank, 8 of the sample members were professors, 11 were associate professors, and 19 were assistant professors. In the Grounded Theory method, three types of coding are used for data analysis, which include open, axial, and selective coding. Based on this, thematic analysis method was used to interpret and review the interviews and data coding, which is one of the common and efficient methods in qualitative content analysis. In general, in the current research, the interviews were recorded using the audio recording program during the interview phase with the faculty members. Then the conducted interviews were typed in Word software and after editing and reviewing the initial codes were formed. In the following, the primary codes were placed under the main and subcategories. To determine the validity and reliability of the research data, the four criteria of reliability, validity, transferability and verifiability were used.

By analyzing the qualitative data, 123 initial codes were identified as factors affecting distrust among the faculty members of knowledge and information departments of Iran's public universities, and these codes were categorized into 16 subcategories and 4 main categories. The main categories are cultural and social factors (including two sub-categories of micro and macro factors); inadequacy in interpersonal relationships (including five sub-categories of weakness in communication skills, failure to separate different issues, not respecting the differences and opinions of others, prejudice and judgment, lack of atmosphere of friendship and benevolence); Individual factors (including five sub-categories of non-compliance with ethical issues, personality traits, intellectual and ideological differences, lack of reliance on scientific and professional ethics, previous unpleasant experiences) and organizational factors (including the sub-category of organization management, weaknesses in the organization of some groups and fields, non-compliance with fairness and justice, and job characteristics of faculty members).Discussion and

The results of the research showed that although several factors have an effect on distrust among faculty members of knowledge and information science groups,  their strengthening and improvement can provide the basis for increasing the trust between them and it is expected that the administrators and officials of the higher education system and also the university administrators, looking at the findings of the current research, will provide the basis for increasing the trust between the faculty members. Educational groups of information science should also provide the necessary conditions for communication, interaction and cooperation with each other. Defining joint projects, participating in holding classes and training courses, cooperating in holding seminars and conferences, using the capacity and capability of all educational groups in making macro-discipline decisions and the friendship which can become the basis for increasing trust among faculty members.

The ability to detect fake news of the Covid-19 disease is known as one of the most influential cases in dealing with fake news and health, which requires the knowledge and strategies of people to deal with the news of this dangerous disease, and there are factors involved in improving this ability. Health literacy can play a role in this field by creating the ability to access information, reading skills, understanding and understanding information, evaluating it, making decisions and using information correctly. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of health literacy in improving the ability to recognize fake news of Covid-19 among the students of Razi University of Kermanshah.

This research is of an applied type, which was carried out using a survey method with a descriptive-correlation approach. The statistical population of this research consists of students of Razi University (10570 people) and 371 people were selected as sample members by stratified random sampling method. In order to examine the health literacy status of students, the standard health literacy questionnaire (Montazeri, Tavousi, Rakhshani, Azin, Jahangiri, Ebadi et al., 2014) including 5 components (access, reading skills, comprehension, evaluation, decision-making, and application of health information) was used. In order to measure the recognition of fake news of Covid-19 from the questionnaire made by the researcher, the ability to recognize fake news of Covid-19 based on the 8 components of the IFLA statement (checking the source, reading the text of the news, checking the agreement of other sources on the topic, checking the supporting sources, checking the news before sharing it, checking the humor or seriousness of the news, avoiding personal prejudices and asking specialists) have been used in 2021. The validity of the tools was confirmed by consulting with experts and the reliability was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test, and descriptive (mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling) were used to analyze the findings using SPSS and Amos software.

The results of the research showed that the students' health literacy is higher than the average value (3.80) and the ability to recognize fake news of Covid-19 (3.26) was slightly higher than the average level. Also, the findings showed that there is a positive relationship between the ability to detect fake news of Covid-19 and health literacy, and health literacy has an effect on the ability to detect fake news of Covid-19 with a path coefficient of 0.33. Also, health literacy with a path coefficient of 0.85 on the component of source review, with a path coefficient of 0.77 on the component of reading news text, with a path coefficient of 0.89 on the component of examining the agreement of other sources on the subject, with a path coefficient of 0.87 on the component. Investigating the sources of support with a path coefficient of 0.70 has an effect on the component of checking the news before sharing it, with a path coefficient of 0.59 on the component of evaluating the humor or seriousness of the news, and with a path coefficient of 0.73 on the component of avoiding personal prejudices. But it had no effect on the component of asking specialists.

Considering that there is a positive and effective relationship between health literacy and the ability to recognize fake news related to the disease of Covid-19, training and necessary measures should be taken to improve the health literacy of students in order to improve the skills of recognizing fake news of the disease. Also, in terms of the great importance of the problem of detecting fake news of the corona disease as a necessity that arose after the spread of fake news related to this disease, and especially its determining effect on the protection of people's health, it is necessary to pay more attention to the necessity of using It should be paid. Obviously, in this regard, governments can help the peace and health of the people by adopting media, research and educational policies of the society, especially to the population groups that are most harmed by these rumors. Also, university libraries can cooperate with the university health center to educate and improve students' health literacy and design and organize training courses and prepare various appropriate resources such as brochures and posters in the form of infographics in the field of identifying fake news about Corona and expose them to students. Therefore, considering its importance for the individual, society and the government, it is necessary to carry out such plans to accurately and correctly reach the dimensions of access to this ability, so that the facts are provided to the individuals, society and the government. The results of this research will be applied in educational programs of universities and schools, the Ministry of Health, media and social networks.

The purpose of this study is to identify the capacities and potentials of public libraries in creating social capital and the activities of public libraries focusing on creating social capital. Public libraries, as public places that have a high capacity to establish communication between people, have a significant contribution in this regard. The public library is known as one of the universal institutions in modern society, whose inclusion makes the public library a place with the capacity to create communication and social capital. Also, public libraries have the feature of facilitating communication, which plays a main role in creating social capital

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, and in it, a systematic review method has been used to achieve the research goals. Systematic review is a scientific method and one of the most reliable research methods based on review, the purpose of which is to evaluate and integrate the results of applied studies in a specific research problem in an objective and systematic way to determine the situation of the problem in the field under study. A summary of these studies reveals the necessity of a comprehensive and systematic review of research texts in this field. Based on this, the present study deals with a systematic review of related research texts to achieve the following two main goals: extracting published information and categorizing the methodologies used in research related to public libraries in creating social capital; and identifying the capacity of public libraries in creating social capital. The current case study is based on the PRISMA systematic study framework. In order to collect the relevant original research texts, a search was made from the reliable English database of Web of Science and with the specialized keywords of this field, and 152 documents in English were identified. In repeated steps, by studying and reviewing the abstracts of the sources, duplicate and unrelated items were removed. Finally, by applying initial filtering, inclusion and exclusion criteria and control by the researcher 36 original English research texts in the form of articles were selected to enter the systematic review and sentences related to the research topic (capacity of public libraries in creating social capital) were extracted.

The research review showed that the documents reviewed in this study were published between 1993 and 2020, that the most attention to this field in the production of texts was from 2012 onwards, and the peak of the studies was in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Most of the research related to the capacity of public libraries in creating social capital, with survey research method, case study and data collection sources including local residents (residents of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Magyarország, Germany, Switzerland), library users and non-users, resources and the published texts were library managers and librarians and immigrants (Mexican immigrants and immigrants from the three countries of Iran, Afghanistan and Kurdistan in Norway). Also, the tools used in most of the conducted researches were questionnaires and unstructured interviews. A total of 10 public library capacities including; creating equal access to information resources, providing opportunities to learn and acquire skills, a meeting place, a place to provide services to people on the margins of society, a place with the aim of establishing social justice and neutral and usable for all groups, a place to establish communication between people , a place to increase public participation, a pleasant library environment, a place for people's leisure time to create social capital was identified.

It is necessary to pay attention to the library as a place for people to meet, strengthen the collection of information resources of public libraries and increase programs related to learning and skill training, as well as paying attention to people on the margins of society in providing services in public libraries to create social capital. On the other hand, maintaining the neutrality of public libraries in dealing with people from different groups and races and paying attention to the public library as a place to increase public participation and paying attention to the role of public libraries in promoting leisure programs can help create social capital through public libraries. Also, the review of internal and external information sources showed that so far no research has done as systematic reviews of the researches of public libraries in creating social capital. Therefore, it is necessary to review the published scientific and research resources to have a comprehensive view of the capacity of public libraries in creating social capital, and the mentioned capacities indicate that public libraries have a very high capacity to create social capital and have the ability to plan appropriate and providing the context for the flourishing of these capacities has become an important element in the society and play a role in people's lives. Since the library space as a place of discussion and meeting is of special importance in texts, it is very important to provide a space for groups and facilitate the presence of groups who want to use the library space to meet their needs. Organizing classes, training programs and skill workshops are opportunities to increase social capital among marginalized groups in society. Social capital in public libraries provides opportunities for learning and improving the socio-economic status of people.

Knowledge management is one of the most interesting and challenging topics in management science in the new millennium. Public Library Institutions is one of the most talented organizations to implement knowledge management programs with libraries and information centers that have an educational and research environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management and assess the maturity and readiness of public libraries in the country and provide a model for the establishment of knowledge management in libraries.

The present study is a mixed approach. It used the hybrid method to identify the factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management in Public Library Institutions and the TOPSIS technique to prioritize effective factors, to assess the status of knowledge management maturity in public libraries from the Asian productivity maturity model and to design a model for establishing knowledge management in libraries. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used in Iran and structural equation modeling (ESM) was used to confirm the general research model. The statistical population of this study is managers, administrative staff, mayors and officials working in public libraries of the country and the sample includes 21 experts (in terms of education 4 bachelors, 12 masters, 5 doctors who had 7 to 18 years of experience in public libraries) and were selected by cluster sampling. Data collection tools including library studies, semi-structured interviews, questionnaire (Knowledge Management Indicators Prioritization Questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha (0.713), Knowledge Management Maturity Assessment Questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha (0.9), Questionnaire (ISM): For the effect of each index on other indices with Cronbach's alpha (0.782) and in the structural equation questionnaire which is to design a pattern of complex and multiple relationships between indices with Cronbach's alpha (0.832)). Data analysis was performed using Excel software, TOPSIS software, and structural equation model software (PLS).

The meta-synthesized results led to the identification of 107 codes, 15 indicators and 4 main dimensions in the establishment of knowledge management. According to experts and using the Delphi method, their localization and screening was done. In the next phase, the maturity status of knowledge management of Public Library Institutions in the country was measured by the Asian productivity maturity model. After the research steps, with the interpretive structural modeling method, the leveling of knowledge management establishment indicators was done and the conceptual model was validated using the structural equation modeling method.

The results showed that technology has the greatest impact and organizational culture has the least impact on the establishment of knowledge management in Public Library Institutions in the country. Assessing the maturity status of knowledge management institution with Asian productivity maturity model with a score of 109 was in the beginning stage. Finally, the pattern of knowledge management deployment was drawn at 6 levels, of which information technology index (C3) and information systems index (C1) have the most influential level and indicators of information acquisition processes (C7) and knowledge transfer processes (C3) are with the most influential level. Finally, research suggestions were presented based on the results of reviewing the current status of the organization under study.

 Human resources are the main asset of any organization. The optimal use of this valuable asset has increased the need to pay attention to this enormous capacity. One of the issues that can erode the human resources of organizations and make them ineffective is the occurrence of conflict in interpersonal relationships. Although conflict is a common thing within organizations, and of course, the library environment and the professional life of librarians are not except, an important issue that should be taken into account is that conflicts must be managed to have appropriate professional interactions. The ability to manage and resolve conflict is not simple, and to achieve it, people must have special personal and psychological characteristics, so that with the help of these characteristics, one can experience unfortunate events and emotions and at the same time be able to solve personal and social problems. In this context, one of the important psychological characteristics that have been raised and emphasized in the field of human resources in the last two decades is psychological capital. Psychological capital is a state of positive psychological development and consists of four positive psychological resources including hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience. Existing studies show the role of psychological capital in improving occupational health components, reducing tensions, and the psychological well-being of employees. Such consequences bring to mind the possibility that psychological capital can be a determining component in the process of conflict management and resolution. Based on this, the purpose of the current research was to determine library employees' psychological capital and its relationship in predicting conflict resolution strategies in the form of two statistical models

This research is quantitative research with a correlational descriptive methodology with practical goals. The statistical population of the research consists of public library librarians of Semnan province, which consist of 140 people. Using simple random sampling, 89 librarians (61 female and 28 male with average age of 34.32 years old) were selected from this population. The psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) and conflict resolution questionnaire (CRQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods including binomial test and structural equation modeling (SEM) used in SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used.

The results of the binomial test showed that the proportion of people in the group with a higher score in self-efficacy (73.49), hope (83.33), resilience (75), and optimism (71.43) was more than the group with a lower score in these variables. Also, in the total score of psychological capital, the proportion of people in the group with higher scores (77.38) was higher. But in conflict resolution strategies and its components, it was also found that except for the three components of conflict as positive and natural, focusing on the future and creating a mutual benefit agreement in other components, the difference between the groups is significant. In fact, the scores of the librarians of both groups are close to each other in these three components and have a small gap with the expected ratio, but in other components, the difference between the groups is significant and the observed ratios are higher for the group with high scores. In the general variable of conflict resolution, the scores of the group with a high score (77.53) are significantly higher than the group with a lower score (22.47). In addition, in the test of research models using SEM, the validity and reliability of psychological capital and conflict resolution measurement models were evaluated and confirmed. Then, in the examination of structural relationships, it was found that psychological capital can positively and significantly predict conflict resolution and explains about 42% of the variance of conflict resolution strategies. Also, among the 10 components of conflict resolution, this variable is capable of predicting the components of conceiving conflict as positive and natural, creating an atmosphere and situation of conflict resolution, clarifying, and providing solutions and goals. The calculation of the fitness indexes of the research models also indicated the optimal fitness of the assumed model with the data.

According to the results, the level of psychological capital of employees is acceptable, but not high. Also, in most of the conflict resolution strategies, the score of the sample is at the average level or slightly above the average, and especially in the three conflict strategies is relatively weak. Therefore, in the context of increasing the level of psychological capital and improving employee conflict management strategies, library managers should prepare actions and interventions. Revealing the role of psychological capital in determining the appropriate solutions to resolve conflicts that arise for employees in the work environment can promise to solve the shortcomings in this field. Using the findings of this research, actions can be taken to solve interpersonal problems and improve relationships in the work environment with the help of employees' internal capabilities.

The resources of the organization are the main assets and skeleton of the organization. The most successful organizations are those that use their intangible assets faster and better; Among the important organizational intangible assets are knowledge and information. Knowledge and information drive the life of today's organizations more than factors such as capital, land or labor. Knowledge is the most important or strategic production factor; Knowledge is the most basic capital of organizations, including university libraries, and knowledge management is one of the important tools for the success of organizations in the information age. Knowledge audit is defined as the examination and measurement of knowledge used in the knowledge management system, as well as a tool for valuing knowledge and determining the opportunities and problems of knowledge management. Knowledge audit is a systematic evaluation of organizational knowledge health. Considering the importance of medical sciences libraries in the dissemination of health information and the role of knowledge management audit in the optimal implementation of knowledge management, the present study intends to identify the indicators of the conceptual model of knowledge management audit in the libraries of medical sciences universities in Iran.

The current research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative types and analytical survey. After formulating and setting the research questions and with the determination of the research objectives as well as the determination of the statistical population and statistical samples, the necessary data were collected with the help of smart PLS software and the questions were tested by analyzing them. In the use of library resources, the resources available in the library of the Program and Budget Organization, Islamic Council Research Center, Faculty of Management of Tehran University and Tarbiat Modarres University were used. In order to use electronic resources, the scientific information resources of the university were also used and the databases of electronic scientific journals in English, such as Science Direct, Scopus, Thomson Reuters, ProQuest, Wiley, Springer, OCD, Emerald, etc., were used. In addition, all Persian databases of scientific research publications of the University of Tehran, Namametn publications, the country's publications database, Noor specialized magazines, the scientific information database of academic Jihad, knowledge reference (articles of conferences and seminars) and most importantly the website of the Research Center of the Islamic Council and the organization of the budget program has been reviewed and an effort has been made to monitor all the issues worked in this field with a comprehensive view and use of them if they are related to the research topic. In order to identify the indicators of the conceptual model of knowledge management audit, the fuzzy Delphi method was used in two stages by 12 experts, of which 6 (50%) were men and 6 (50%) were women. All the people in the statistical population of the research had a doctorate degree, 58.3% had the scientific rank of assistant professor, and 66.7% had more than 15 years of experience in working with the university library. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the identified indicators. In order to validate the model, a questionnaire was conducted among 122 managers and librarians of medical sciences universities in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Iran, Isfahan, Mashhad, Kerman, Tabriz, Hamedan, Gilan, Hormozgan, Shiraz, Shahid Sadouqi of Yazd, Lorestan, Arak, Jundishapur of Ahvaz. It was distributed in Birjand where 111 people answered the questionnaire.

The conceptual model of knowledge management audit was obtained in three dimensions, 13 indicators and 55 sub-indices. The dimensions of the stage after the knowledge management audit with (0.8550), before the knowledge management audit with (0.8460) and during the implementation of knowledge management with (0.8430) were the most important.Discussion and

Internal researches have less discussed the knowledge audit and have mostly been done on knowledge management in different statistical populations. Often, in several areas, they have used the method of documentary study and with an analytical approach to comparative study and analysis of existing models and methodologies in the field of knowledge audit. In general, all models and methodologies are somewhat general and static in nature, and in order to be used in Different organizational environments do not have the necessary flexibility and agility; Limited researches have been done in the field of identifying dimensions and audit indicators of knowledge management. The main focus of researches outside of Iran includes examining the audit indicators of knowledge management in the evaluation of organizations and expressing the challenges of using quantitative methods to evaluate the quality of research in this field, investigating and identifying quantitative and qualitative indicators for evaluating research in different dimensions, introducing and expressing the importance of audit in knowledge management in the evaluation of organizations. In order to measure the importance of each of the knowledge management audit indicators, after analyzing the indicators with the help of factor analysis, a fitted factor model was designed to present a conceptual model of knowledge management audit in the libraries of medical sciences universities. The results showed the approval and acceptable fit of the conceptual model of knowledge management audit in the libraries of medical sciences universities.

Retrieval of experts is a subset of information retrieval that aims to provide a ranking of people who have knowledge in a particular field. Automated expertise work is challenging due to the abundance of expert information and data sources. Many expert approaches in both industry and academia have been proposed using new techniques in information retrieval, data mining, knowledge discovery, statistical modeling, probabilistic modeling, and complex networking. All researchers estimate the relationship between the query and the supporting documents of the expert candidate based on the occurrence of query words in the supporting documents, and they are main and important researches. These models are not capable of semantic communication. Therefore, in this research, the document-oriented method was considered using the LSA recovery model and the use of a time graph

The research method is experimental ones, aside from this, survey and library methods have been used. The method used in current study to retrieve articles on LSA or Latent Semantic Analysis, which is based on the articles of the test collection prepared by Web of Science. These documents include English articles in information science and librarianship from 1989 to 2018 is indexed under the category of information science and librarianship on the website. Total number of these articles were 126924 and queries made by users were provided to all these articles. The retrieved documents were judged by relevance and after judging the relevance of the documents by the participants in the study, the performance of the information retrieval model was measured by the evaluation measurements of information retrieval systems. The result of the calculated measures was compared with the value of each of these measures in the basic model. A temporal graph was used to include the time factor. After that, the authors who had the most relevant work and their value of micro index of social network were introduced as experts. Then ten queries from the present research model and the basic model were randomly selected and given to eight people introduced by the second community for judgment and the results were compared.

According to the innovation used in the current research, which was the application of the information retrieval model of latent semantic analysis, which was finally used to retrieve expert authors, in terms of the amount obtained from each of the information retrieval metrics, i.e., the accuracy level at the level of the first five results, or p@5, mean average precision (MAP) and mean inverse rank (MRR) with values of 0.895, 0.839 and 0.909, respectively, the latent semantic analysis recovery model performed better than the base model. In addition, this is due to the better performance of the retrieval using the dimensionality reduction method compared to keyword matching. In this method, hidden meaning indexing is used, which is a kind of conceptual indexing and uses the statistical method of least squares, and the above indexing is extracted by applying this statistical method. As we know, there are many ways to express a word (synonyms), so it is possible that the query words do not match the words of the document. In addition, most words have multiple meanings (multiple synonyms), so retrieving information based on the concept and meaning of a document is a better approach. LSI assumes that there is a number of latent structures in word usage that are partially blocked by diverse word choices. SVD is used to estimate this structure. The vectors that are obtained statistically strengthen the indicators of meaning more than individual words. The results of other researches also indicate that retrieving documents by matching query keywords with documents is a relatively weaker method. Also, the LSA retrieval model has a better performance in retrieving documents in a large set of documents than in a small set. According to the next innovation of the current research, which was the involvement of the time factor in expert search, and also according to the use of social network indicators and the final relevance judgment, the results showed that the performance of this method is significantly better than the model has been the base. The time factor was included in the retrieval of experts so that people who are no longer alive or who have been around for a long time since their last publication in a certain field are not retrieved. Considering the useful life of publications in the field of knowledge and information science, a ten-year period was involved. After using publication time as the determining factor of expert retrieval, those who had published the most related work were considered as the next determining factor and then the micro indicators of the social network such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness and special vector are other determining factors that are widely used in scientometric researches and recently in expert retrieval researches. The ten queries proposed in the current research were sent to 8 people who defined the second statistical population of the research, and the results indicated that the performance of the time graph and expert finding performed better by using the factor of the most relevant published works and the factor of micro-indexes of the social network.

LSI assumes that there is a number of latent structures in word usage that are partially blocked by diverse word choices. SVD is used to estimate this structure. The vectors that are obtained statistically strengthen the indicators of meaning more than individual words. The results of other researches also indicate that retrieving documents by matching query keywords with documents is a relatively weaker method. Also, the LSA retrieval model has a better performance in retrieving documents in a large set of documents than in a small set. According to the next innovation of the current research, which was the involvement of the time factor in expert search, and also according to the use of social network indicators and the final relevance judgment, the results showed that the performance of this method is significantly better than the model that has been the base. The time factor was included in the retrieval of experts so that people who are no longer alive or who have been around for a long time since their last publication in a certain field are not retrieved. Considering the useful life of publications in the field of knowledge and information science and, a ten-year period was involved. After using publication time as the determining factor of expert retrieval, those who had published the most related work were considered as the next determining factor and then the micro indicators of the social network such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness and special vectors are other determining factors that are widely used in scientometric researches and recently in expert retrieval researches. is used. The results showed that the LSA model performed better than the base model for retrieving related documents and the use of time graph showed better performance than the base model.