مجله آموزش عالی ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1401)

This article aims to redesign parts of the promotion regulations for faculty members in order to strengthen the connection between industry and university.

This research uses design science methodology and within its framework, semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists in designing and focus group in validating of results have been used.

After analyzing different clauses of the regulation and identifying the relationship of these clauses with different types of industry-university communication paths, 11 clauses have been proposed in which more priority and credit have been given to the paths of creating spin-off companies and joint research with industry.
Discussion and

Industry-university communication is one of the recognized policies in the world for benefiting from the synergy between university and industry for economic growth and development. Industry-university communication is influenced by various factors and among them, the role of policy tools in creating industry-university communication is very essential; instruments that create institutional grounds for this communication in the form of laws and regulations have a direct impact on the behavior and decisions of actors involved in this communication. The promotion regulation is one of the effective policy tools that has a direct relationship with faculty members as the main actors of the university sector and with a proper design, it can direct the activities of faculty members towards strengthening industry-university communication. This article, while maintaining the current structure of the regulation, tries to transform this regulation into an effective policy tool for strengthening industry-university communication by proposing some clauses.

This research was conducted with the aim of designing the model of professional orientation of students of public universities in Tehran.

In this research, the worldview of social constructionism and the qualitative method of content analysis have been used. Since the results of the current research can be used by higher education organizations, this research is of applied type. The statistical population includes professors and experts of public universities in Tehran. The professors and policy makers and scientific experts in the public universities of Tehran were considered as samples. The sampling method is a targeted method of exceptional cases in which the opinions of eminent and knowledgeable professors with experience and university presidents were used. A semi-structured interview tool was used to collect data, and a systematic and hermeneutic three-step method was used to analyze the data.

After analysis, all the findings were divided into different axial and selective factors, which resulted in the formation of the components of the professional orientation model. The findings indicate that the effective factors and components in the formation of students' professional orientation are 5 selective factors and 17 axial factors. The selective factors include the role of family, government, curriculum planners, students and university professors.
Discussion and

The findings indicate that the formation of professional orientation starts from the very beginning in the family and evolves throughout people's lives. The most important factors obtained include the role of student’s personality traits, motivation, level of interest, level of talent, and level of awareness, as well as the role of the family, the level of culture and awareness and education of the family, the role of the government and its policies and plans, the role of university professors, the role of curriculum planners and the quality of curricula. These factors can affect the professional orientation of students.

To date, research has been conducted on the commercialization of the humanities and various theoretical perspectives have been developed to empirically establish. Therefore, there is great potential for humanities research that uses theories for commercialization. The current research was conducted with the aim of commercialization challenges in humanities research with Interpretive Structural Modeling.

The main part of the research was the use of time using the qualitative method of thematic analysis and the quantitative method of Interpretive Structural Modeling in a sequential mixed Method. In the qualitative part, theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 13 experts. In this research, 318 open codes (initial concept), 154 basic themes, 28 organizing themes and 7 overarching themes were analyzed. The research sample in the quantitative section was the opinions of 9 research managers of Tehran universities.

The final model is formed in 5 levels, the need for systematic evaluation and view is the most effective level in the fifth level, and the factor of laws and regulations is placed in the fourth level, and components such as trust building, pragmatism, appeal, quality orientation, application and ... is at an acceptable level in the designed model. The analysis of the intensity of influence and dependence using MICMAC shows that it is based on the systematic external characteristics of the independent type that affect it and influence is one of the characteristics of this characteristic. The rest of the features are of the type of interfaces, the impact and influence of these features is very high, and any small change on these changes causes fundamental changes in the system.

Research managers can achieve successful results by using the presented model, including the ability to conduct research with the needs of society and the needs of industry and a systematic view in all academic processes.

The upcoming research aims to identify the challenges and solutions of the mechanisms of providing and allocating financial resources in the faculties of Tehran University. To achieve this goal, four questions were planned. 1) What challenges are Tehran University faculties facing in attracting new financial resources? 2) What challenges do Tehran University faculties face in allocating financial resources? 3) What solutions are for diversifying financial resources in Tehran University faculties? 4) Solutions for optimizing financial resource allocation mechanisms. What are the faculties of Tehran University?

This qualitative research was written using interpretive phenomenology. Therefore, using targeted sampling, interviews were conducted with 11 financial and administrative assistants of Tehran University. The data were analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman (2009). The technique of Member checking and peer review has been used to validate the data from two strategies.

In response to the first question, the findings were classified into 12 secondary subcategories and four primary subcategories: lack of ability in the financial development of the university, the inefficiency of rules and regulations, managerial-executive weakness, and weakness in infrastructure. In response to the second question, the findings were categorized into five secondary subcategories and two primary subcategories: traditional budgeting system and inefficiency of the organizational design of financial resource allocation. In response to the third question, the findings were grouped with 12 secondary subcategories and four primary subcategories: diversifying the university's income sources, amending laws and regulations, modern management, and infrastructure development. The findings were divided into five secondary subcategories in response to the fourth question. Generally, they included two primary subcategories: a performance-oriented budgeting system and an efficient and effective executive system in allocating financial resources.
Discussion and

In the current situation where universities in most countries are facing financial shortages and in providing and allocating financial resources, they are looking for new mechanisms to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. The results of this research can be a suitable road map for improving the performance of Tehran University in the future.

Problem &

The development of faculty members' abilities is often done in the form of organized programs in faculty members' ability development centers. These centers, which are ubiquitous in foreign countries, provide empowerment services via the use of in-person and virtual platforms. The aim of the current research is to investigate the status of the programs of faculty development centers in selected universities of foreign countries and then to compare the use of technologies in these programs. The research results are used in order to benefit from the experiences of these universities in general and also specifically in the field of technology platforms.

The research method of the present study is a comparative study based on the Bereday method, in which the obtained data are analyzed in four stages: description, interpretation, Juxtaposition, and simultaneous comparison. To achieve this goal, the top ten foreign universities were purposefully selected based on the Times ranking of 2021, and the teaching development centers of these universities were studied based on the programs and services provided in person and virtually (based on technology). The data of the study was collected from the information contained in the website of teaching development centers, documents and reports of selected foreign universities.

The results of the research showed that each of the programs depends on the function for which it is intended and affected by elements such as time, space, content, and interaction in any of the in-person or virtual platforms or as a combination of two platforms. In general, ‘educational programs’ in both platforms, ‘individual support, financial support and evaluation of education’ in in-person platforms, ‘collective sharing, providing educational resources and technology resources’ in virtual platforms are more widely used.

Finally, it can be concluded that by relying only on one platform, whether it is only in-person or only virtual, it is not possible to organize the programs of faculty member empowerment centers in a desirable way. It is necessary to use the advantages of both platforms by combining two platforms in order to reduce the limitations of each platform.

University technology transfer offices (UTTOs) have received serious attention in recent years in many of the world's top universities due to the mediation approach of the academic and business environment, which is generally considered in the form of university internal structures. Research and experimental findings indicate a considerable distance from the effective role of UTTOs in the university entrepreneurship ecosystem. It seems that one of the most important reasons for this situation is the strategic mismatch of macro-structures in terms of university governance with the functions of these offices. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of market-oriented university governance on the optimal realization of the functions of UTTOs.

The current research employs a mixed exploratory-instrument development approach to investigate the effect of market-oriented university governance on the optimal realization of functions of UTTOs. Initially, the research focuses on identifying market-oriented governance indicators and the functions of UTTOs as two minor objectives. Through a review of the relevant literature and semi-structured interviews, a list of market-oriented university governance indicators was extracted by reaching theoretical saturation and synthesizing the findings of these two stages. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase of the research, the effect of these indicators on the functions of UTTOs were examined using enter regression analysis.

In order to identify market-oriented governance indicators, 50 indicators were identified and validated across four dimensions: contextual (6 indicators), financial (12 indicators), scientific (17 indicators), and organizational (15 indicators). Additionally, to achieve the functions of UTTOs, a list of 25 functions was developed based on document analysis, mission statements, and job descriptions of UTTOs, and more. These functions were categorized into five dimensions: contextual factors, scientific discovery and invention disclosure, evaluation and patent registration, marketing and licensing, and startup establishment. Regression analysis and its coefficients demonstrated that the contextual, financial, scientific, and organizational dimensions of university governance explain 0.226, 0.232, 0.198, and 0.143 of the variances of the functions of UTTOs respectively.
Discussion and

Based on the findings of the current research, it can be stated that paying attention to market-oriented governance indicators in Iranian higher education can have a positive effect on the optimal realization of the functions of UTTOs. In other words, the lack of an entrepreneurial approach (in practice) in university governance in Iran's higher education has resulted in a significant gap between optimal functions and actual performance of UTTOs. It seems that the findings and recommendations of this research can facilitate the optimal development of UTTOs functions.