نشریه نقد، تحلیل و زیبایی شناسی متون
پیاپی 17 (زمستان 1401)

Akbar Sahraee is one of the most prominent writers of the Holy Defense. The researches that have been written about his works so far are few, so the present article seeks to recognize this valuable work by morphologicallyanalyzing the story collection of " The foot that Sheds ". This research has examined the mentioned collection in areas such as plot, viewing angle, personality, beginning and performance, and scene based on descriptive-analytical method .Some features of the stories in this series such as: the proper beginning and ending, the rule of the causality principle in plot of stories, having non-linear plot, skillful use of techniques such as: naming, dialogue and character description and also the creation of pristine and impressive scenes and spaces, lead the reader to conclude that Sahraee is able to bring a successful work to the Holy Defense literature treasure by observing the technical principles of short story writing.

Conceptual metaphor theory is one of the subjects in the field of cognitive linguistic that is under study and it investigates how human mind processes and perceive. Based on this theory, the text literature in not served by language functional metaphors, but they are essential to perceive abstract and intangible things in human mind, are used in depth and are influenced by meaning and concepts. The defined domains in conceptual metaphor and its proofs are similar to conceptual and practical fields of proverbs in many aspects. Proverbs can be seen as an example of conceptual metaphors that transmit different meanings and concepts considering them with the use of different recourses. Since proverbs are the most common and the most practical part of the literature, the study of them based on conceptual metaphor provides cognition and perceiving cultural and intellectual foundations of the nations. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate Persian proverbs of mojir-al-din-e beilaghani lyrics considering conceptual metaphor and finds all-purpose origin domains in Persian example domain by transient overview of historical and modern studies and attitudes in the field of metaphors and evaluating two different viewpoints and can realize the poet’s main mainstreams through this way.

Structuralists are of the opinion that the foundation of poetry is its structure, and they consider structure to be the set of interrelationships of parts and elements that make up a whole. They believe that the general components of a text consist of three areas of phonetic, lexical and syntactic balance; Therefore, from the point of view of structuralists, many texts, including children's poems, can be studied and analyzed. This research aims to study and analyze Nasser Keshavarz's poems in terms of complete phonetic repetition in a descriptive-analytical way and using library tools.After the studies conducted, it is clear that the structure of Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems is at a high level in the lexical level (complete phonetic repetition) and the use of various verbal and spiritual arrays, such as: puns, types of repetitions and also Using the methods of creating music text has added to the beauty of these poems. Special attention to the facilities and important components of the word has made the aesthetic and artistic aspects of these poems stand out.

Shahrashob is one of the types of Persian poetry that has a close connection with folk literature. This type of poetry, which is called by other names such as Shahrangiz, Dehrashob, Falak Ashob, etc., is of two types in Persian literature; In the first type, the poet praises and condemns the people of a city or a class of society in his poem. But in the other type, which has more literary value, the poet describes the craftsmen and defines their profession and industry, and in this way provides the audience with valuable historical information in the field of occupations, customs, beliefs and folk culture. One of the important features of Shahrashob is the use of humor in them.
In riots that deal with the people of a city or a class, the humor is often in the form of satire, but in riots that describe the people who speak and introduce their industry, more streaks of humor are seen. One of the reasons for the prominence of humor in the second type of chaos is the use of a wide range of humor techniques, which can be classified and analyzed based on common theories in humor. Based on the statistical results of this research, the humor techniques used in Chaos City have different frequencies. For example, the techniques of "minimization", "simile to animals", "ridiculous simile" and "sarcasm" have the highest frequency and techniques based on verbal games have the lowest frequency

"Nostalgia" is a Greek word that in Persian is equivalent to the feeling of longing for the past. Although this title has recently entered the Persian language and literature, this concept has appeared in Persian literature for a long time.
. Nostalgia can be seen in the works of most contemporary poets. By studying the works of Jale Esfahani, clear examples of the expression of this feeling and regret can be seen, and the goal of this study is to restore the nostalgic effect in her poems. The statistical community of the research is the generalities of Jaleh Esfahani's poems. The research design is qualitative discourse analysis and descriptive analytical research method. In order to obtain research data, the nostalgic components of romanticism were recovered in the poems of Jale Esfahani. In the next step, after presenting the library descriptions, the data were analyzed with the analytical method. The examples of nostalgia in Jale Esfahani's poetry were analyzed in three subcategories of individual memory nostalgia, collective memory nostalgia, and political nostalgia. in the nostalgia of individual memory; Returning to the past, distance from family and friends, dissatisfaction with the passage of life, in the nostalgia of collective memory; Homeland, longing for the loss of values, returning to the myth and returning to nature and in political nostalgia; Freedom, dissatisfaction with the country and immigration, longing for the golden era of Iran's history, protest against the destruction of the homeland, dissatisfaction with people's neglect and protest against oppression reflect throughout history. The results of the study showed that the numerous manifestations of nostalgia are manifested in the poems of Jale Esfahani.

Maqamah is a special type of short stories with mesmerizing prose that was popularized in Arab literature for the first time in the fourth century of Hijri by Badi al-Zaman Hamadani. In this type of story, the story of a hero who travels anonymously from city to city and deceives people in every place by taking on a new guise and personality, by resorting to cunning and eloquence. And he does begging and earning money. Later, Qazi Hamid al-Din Balkhi in the Seljuk period introduced this narrative style to Persian literature by writing the book "Maqamat Hamidi" and Maqamat writing continued its life for some time. In Hamidi authorities, unlike Hamedani's Badiul Zaman authorities and Hariri authorities, the character of the hero is not a single character, but in terms of the type of action and possessing some personality and behavioral characteristics, it is very similar to the heroes of the other two authorities. The purpose of this article is to investigate the hero characters in Hamidi authorities from the perspective of Maslow's motivational theory, and therefore, with a descriptive-analytical method, it tries to analyze the hidden angles of these characters based on the components of this theory in their behavior. According to the findings of this article, the effect of physiological needs, need for safety, need for love and belonging, need for respect and need for self-actualization, plays an important role in the formation of the character and special behaviors of these heroes.