نشریه مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1402)

The special conditions governing the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, especially the strong influence of Saudi Arabia in the policies of this council and the general dependence of its members' political systems on the West, and the multitude of actors present and effective in the Yemen crisis, have created complex conditions in the region that practically prevent the creation of the constructive process in establishing peace in Yemen. Yemen suffers greatly from economic poverty, war and the presence of foreigners. The purpose of the article is to explain one of the important and current issues of the Islamic world and to analyze the influence of one of the regional organizations in the Islamic world, the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, on regional developments and the influence of Saudi Arabia in this organization. How the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council works in the Yemen crisis is the central question of the article.

This research has been prepared in a descriptive-analytical way using documentary-library sources.

The findings of the research indicate that the member states of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, due to the influence and influence of Saudi Arabia, are fighting against the nationalistic and Islamic trend in Yemen and do not allow a comprehensive national government to emerge in the region. This council has failed to fulfill one of its duties, which is to establish regional peace and stability.

The current research has reached the conclusion that the policies adopted by Saudi Arabia and the UAE and the adherence of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council to Riyadh's agenda have practically created the space for insecurity, disintegration, extensive destruction of Yemen's human and economic resources, and the mass killing of the people. It has created the guilt and defenselessness of Muslims and finally the proxy presence of extra-regional governments and terrorist groups.

The platform society refers to a social life in which political, cultural, social and communication flows are increasingly driven by algorithms and fed with data by a globalized ecosystem of online platforms. In such a society, different networked publics will have the characteristic of networking. This research seeks to investigate the political activism of Twitter networked publics during the 2021 Iraqi parliamentary elections.

The period under investigation is from two weeks before to two weeks after holding parliamentary elections in that country; Data collection was done by machine using Twitter API and random sampling was used to check the themes of networked publics. The analysis method in this research is a combination of social network analysis, sentiment analysis and thematic analysis.

Finally, 10 networked publics active on Twitter were identified and the content expressed by each was analyzed, the largest of which belongs to Sadrist Movement, which shows the compatibility of real and virtual space in this area.

Finally, it was concluded that creating a change in the pattern of communication norms and producing communication messages in line with the country's goals can be a suitable strategy to restore Iran's strategic influence at the international level and adopting confrontational approaches has always been a costly and low-yield method for movements attributed to the axis of resistance.

In 2020 The United States played an outstanding role in reaction to Iran's increasing activity in the post-Arab uprising 2011 in the Middle East by an intermediary between the United Arab Emirates and Israel and normalizing the relations of these two regional allies within the Abraham Accords. What is Iran’s regional role in the attitude of United States as a mediator in signing the Abraham Accords now is the fundamental question.

This study use the theoretical framework of balancing power theory, and attempt to mixed method of descriptive, analytical and historic looking for analysis role and relation between the US and members of the accord, especially Israel and the UAE.

In order to get the countries into this accord, the US made suggestions for each of them. The UAE was looking for commercial benefits, especially buying F-35. Bahrain wants to have US support against Iran. Sudan, which has been on the US and EU sanction list since 1998, could satisfy the US for additional foreign aid and paying its debt in the World Bank. To get morocco, Donald Trump recognition of Morocco’s sovereignty over the Western Sahara.

The US able to take a step in 2020 as a key actor in revealing the hidden relations between the UAE and Israel due to the close political-economic relations, years before this accord. In other words, the US strengthens its allies in the direction of a balancing force against Iran and once again redesigns its balancing approach by assigning its responsibility to its regional partners.

The change in the security environment of the Persian Gulf, as a subsystem in the Middle East regional security complex, is important for all countries, including Islamic Republic of Iran. The promotion of Saudi Arabia to the position of “middle power” is one of these developments. This promotion and its impacts on the regional order in the Persian Gulf is considered in this article.

The present study uses descriptive-analytical method and library resources to analyze the issue.

Saudi Arabia has been promoted to the status of a middle power by relying on its identity position in the Islamic world and the Arab world, military power, economic capability, and membership in the G20.

The transition of Saudi Arabia to the position of a middle power has led to the intensification of the competition for balancing. The Islamic Republic of Iran is the most capable option to balance Saudi Arabia.

Since the 1990s, the conflicts and tensions between Muslims and Hindus have increased, and by entering the 21st century, it has increased. For this reason, the aim of the research is to investigate the cause of the spread of the conflicts and tensions between Hindus and Muslims since the 1990s and especially in the 21st century.

The research is based on Hypothetical-Deductive method, and the hypothesis is investigated by applying the concepts of Ethnic and Religious Nationalism. The method of data collection is based on Documentary Research.

Anti-Muslim sentiments have increased in India with the spread of influence and power of extreme Hindu nationalists. By increasing their influence in the political and social arena and by emphasizing the vulnerability of Hindus, Hindu nationalists falsely represent Indian Muslims as a threat to the unified Hindu values, population and unity of India. This distorted and promoted view of Muslims has caused the escalation of conflicts and tensions between Muslims and Hindus, and justification of misconducts and malfeasances towards Indian Muslims.

Extreme Hindu nationalism or Hindutva emerged as a contemporary phenomenon with the aim of defending the values ​​of Hinduism, and institutions related to Hindutva are gaining more influence and popularity in the society. For Hindu nationalists, the defense of the Hindu national identity is a priority and they consider the Hindu identity equal to the national identity of India. In other words, the criteria for evaluating the citizenship of Muslims is measured based on the nationalist values and standards of Hindutva. This type of view of Muslims has questioned pluralism and coexistence between religions in India and can affect the entire political atmosphere of India.

This article has been formed with the aim of identifying the reasons for revision in Iran's foreign policy regarding the developments in Afghanistan due to the re-emergence of the Taliban.

According to the nature of the subject in order to answer the main and secondary questions in this research, analytical, historical and descriptive methods have been used. In the analytical-descriptive method, the researcher, in addition to revealing what is, describes and explains the whys and hows of the problem and its forms. The method and tools of data analysis are determined and reviewed based on its thematic nature.

The findings of the article show that Iran's positions will be different according to the Taliban's approach. If the Taliban moves towards the distribution of power and includes other ethnic groups, especially the Shiites and Turkic-speaking people, in the structure of the government, considering that Iran ideologically has a lot in common with the Shiites and Hazaras of Afghanistan, and all these issues will benefit Iran. is, the Taliban's goal can be aligned with what the Islamic Republic of Iran is interested in. But if the Taliban's approach is based on the monopoly of power, considering that the ideology of this group is different from Iran and it seems that they are closer to Saudi Arabia that the relations between Iran and the Taliban will not be friendly.

The results of the research show that the Islamic Republic of Iran adopts a realistic approach regarding the Taliban in order to consolidate its position while pursuing revolutionary ideals in order to increase the security factor. and the survival of the Islamic Republic of Iran.