نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، زمستان 1401)

Quality assurance and quality control are integral elements in radiation therapy for cancer patients, the purpose of which is to ensure the high quality of radiation therapy for patients so that the treatment results are optimal. In this regard, the aim of the current research is real-time dosimetry with an electronic portal imaging device to obtain the midplane dose. Intracorporeal dosimetry is one of the quality control methods and the most direct method for monitoring the dose delivered to the patient during radiation therapy, which is the biggest challenge in radiation therapy. Intracorporeal dosimetry is usually performed in the initial stages or during treatment; that if an error occurs in any of the treatment steps, this error is identified and it is possible to compensate for it and continue the treatment correctly. In the present study, the midplane dose was obtained by three arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and transmission dose in the form of gate simulation, and its results were compared with the clinical data obtained from the practical part. After comparing all the results obtained from the applicable methods and summarizing the data compared to the current research, according to the passing of the acceptance criteria in the comparison of the practical part and the simulation, it can be said that doing dosimetry using Epid is an acceptable method to move forward. A comprehensive system for more accurate dosimetry calculations in radiotherapy centers that are equipped with EPID. According to the results obtained from the practical part as well as the simulation of the project, the results with gamma index less than 1% were presented for Midplan.

Objectiv: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is agent of tuberculosis. A series of novel N‑Oxide-Containing Heterocycles have been reported as selective Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitors. QSAR, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation studies were investigated. Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), Partial least squares (PLS), Principle Component Regression (PCR), Least Absolute Shrinkage, Selection Operator (LASSO), and Monte-Carlo simulation were used to create QSAR models. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Rv (PDB: 4XGQ). Atomic masses, atomic sanderson electronegativities, Ghose–Viswanadhan-Wendoloski antiinfective-like index and Ghose –Viswanadhan-Wendoloski hyptonic-like index were important in our study. The SMILES files have been used with coralsea software. The root-mean square errors of the training set, and the test set for ICA model, were 0.2970, 0.1395 respectively. The results of the Monte-Carlo method were the following: n=7, R²=0.9931, Q²=0.9857, MAE=0.039 (Training set); n=6, R²=0.9413, Q²=0.9107, MAE=0.367 (Test set). Molecules 10 and 11 were presented as the most stable ones that may be introduced for further investigations, including clinical experiments.

Different types of Ephedra have two bases, and these two bases are similar in appearance. These medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids. The aim of the present research was to study the dibasic alkaloids of two species to identify the male and female bases in the early growth period. In June 2017, male and female shoots of Ephedra major Host from Bijar Kurdistan and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were collected from Saveh. Alkaloid extracts were prepared from the shoots of male and female bases and the compounds of the extracts were studied by thin layer chromatography and mass gas chromatography. Chromatography of the alkaloid thin layer of the shoots of the male and female stems of Ephedra major Host and Ephedra intermedia Schrenket showed that the two stems differ from each other in terms of the type of alkaloid. Mass gas chromatography showed that there are more than 24 and 28 alkaloids in the alkaloid extract of the bases of the female and male Ephedra major Host, respectively, and 19 and 20 alkaloids in the Ephedra intermedia Schrenket, respectively, with more than 0.2 mgg-1dw. The most alkaloids in Ephedra major Host female base were 2-Oxazolidinone and three important medicinal alkaloids ephedrine, amphetamine and serotonin and the most alkaloids in the male base were psedovaphedrine, ephedrine and 2-Oxazolidinone. Most alkaloids were different in two bases. Alkaloids ephedraoxane, tetramethyluric acid, ergotamine, and phendimetrazine were the four important medicinal alkaloids in the base of Ephedra intermedia Schrenket substance. Most of the base alkaloids of male and female Ephedra intermedia Schrenket were different. It was not observed in both bases of Ephedra internesia Schrenket, ephedrine and psedovaphedrine. two species of Ephedra and male and female bases, each of them are different in terms of alkaloids and other effective substances, and by considering a different alkaloid, they can be identified in the early stages of growth.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.

After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of ​​the region, plants were collected in late winter and all months of spring and summer seasons of 2013. The collected samples were pressed dry and pasted on herbarium cardboards according to the conventional method.

The collection of plants in Miandar region is more than 229 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 148 genera. Asteraceae families (33 species, 14.41 percent), papilionaceae (22 species, 9.6 percent), poaceae (19 species, 8.3 percent), Apiaceae (16 species, 6.99 percent), Lamiaceae (15 species, 55 (6.6%) and Liliaceae (12 species, 5.24%) are the most important plant families in the region, which include 51.09% of all species. Astraglus (10 species), Silene (5 species), Euphorbia (5 species) are among the largest plant genera in the studied area. In terms of biological form, 40.6% of species are hemicryptophytes, 35.38% are trophites, 11.36% are cryptophytes, 8.3% are phanerophytes, 3.94% are camphytes and 0.44% are geophytes.

The study of the geographical distribution of the Miandar region flora showed that the most geographical distribution is in the Iranian-Turanian region with 122 species (53.27%) and the Iranian-Turanian/Mediterranean region with 34 species (14.85%).

Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with alkaline, acidic diet and functional exercises on lipid profile, body composition and C-reactive protein levels in obese and overweight adults. In this semi-experimental research, 53 obese and overweight adults (18 men, 35 women) with an average age of 35.4±8.3 years voluntarily participated. Calorie restriction along with alkaline and acidic diet and functional exercises were applied in three experimental groups and one control group for 10 weeks. Body composition (weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, muscle and fat mass, visceral fat), lipid indices (fasting cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Anukova and Bonferroni tests were used to compare groups in the post-test and the significance level was 0.05. body composition (weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass and visceral fat) and cholesterol decreased in the alkaline diet group along with calorie restriction and functional exercises in overweight and obese people (P≥0.05). Calorie restriction and alkaline diet by reducing acid load along with 10 weeks of functional training lead to improvement of body composition and cholesterol in overweight and obese adults.

Transglutaminase enzyme is a type of protease enzyme of acyltransferase type, the bonds formed by this enzyme cause strength and stability in the products of various industries. Actinobacteria have biotechnological applications due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites and enzymes. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and screening trans-glutaminase-producing actinobacterial strains from the soils of the rhizosphere area of native medicinal plants in Qom province. In this research, 100 samples of soil from agricultural fields in Qom province were collected in completely sterile conditions and after preparing successive dilutions, they were cultured on ISP3 agar culture medium. Actinobacterial isolates were screened by transglutaminase enzyme specific identifier. Environmental factors including culture medium and shaker cycle were optimized on isolate growth and enzyme production. In order to identify and investigate the phylogeny of actinobacterial isolates, phenotypic and molecular methods were used. Out of 40 actinobacterial isolates, 5 strains showed the ability to produce the enzyme, based on the halo of color change by the specific substrate N-Carbobenzoxy (CBZ). The selected isolate with the highest amount of enzyme production, in terms of 16S rRNA gene synonymy, was similar to Streptomyces genus. The results of this study showed that Streptomyces isolate native to agricultural soils of Qom province has a significant ability to produce transglutaminase enzyme, which was studied for the first time. This isolate can be used in various food and pharmaceutical industries to produce transglutaminase enzyme.