نشریه تحولات سیاسی اجتماعی معاصر ایران
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1400)

The political conduct denotes actions and reactions exhibited by an individual toward official polices based on his/her social class and ideology on which it is focused in this paper. Analysis on political conduct taken by Shiite scholars in various eras may present a relatively clear image of their political doctrine versus monarchical institution. Ayatollah Haji Agha Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi is one of these Islamic clerics, who have been leader in Mashhad ancient seminary. His religious influence and authority has been also spread to Tehran and many other regions as well, of course. Review of short-term confrontation of Ayatollah Qomi to some of policies of Pahlavi I regime, as one of the highest religious officials in Islamic clerical institution, will prepare well ground for conducting study on reaction taken by Islamic jurists to political-cultural activities at this period. This paper intends to indicate his political reactions and behavior versus policies in Reza Shah’s era in addition to review briefly academic biography of Ayatollah Qomi. This paper aims to give answer to this question that if Ayatollah The political conduct denotes actions and reactions exhibited by an individual toward official polices based on his/her social class and ideology on which it is focused in this paper. Analysis on political conduct taken by Shiite scholars in various eras may present a relatively clear image of their political doctrine versus monarchical institution. Ayatollah Haji Agha Hossein Tabatabaei Qomi is one of these Islamic clerics, who have been leader in Mashhad ancient seminary.

Iran in the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century was under the influence of global discourses and regions such as; Genetics and medicine, Darwinism, communism, nationalism and Islamism. All these discourses were going on in Iran in some way. In addition, in the heart of these discourses and Iran's confrontation with the West, sexuality and biopolitics in the new era also dominated this field. The period had created challenges and contexts of conflict between the representatives of thought, government and the public sphere, which can also be referred to as the period of conflict. Meanwhile, the rule of law and constitutionalism, sexuality, and the understanding of civilization from the West had led to long and endless conflicts. The main purpose of this text is to look at these three conflicts and to explain a model of the current situation of that period, which has continued later in the contemporary history of Iran. Achieving a categorization or theoretical and historical models of the situation in Iran, especially in this period, can help to understand and perspective the future, so that academic researchers, as is customary in the West, can extract new interpretations and models of these historical periods in Iran. The purpose of this text is in this direction. The results of studies show that while many challenges and related texts exist in a chaotic manner in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Iran, they can be achieved in a variety of practical patterns.

With the idea of reform in Qajar Iran following the confrontation with modernity, many intellectuals in their works theorized about the need for change in the principles of government. By observing the principles and foundations of Western government and comparing it with Iran, they tried to evaluate the structure and context of modern government and implement it in Iran. One of the intellectuals of the Qajar era is Talibov Tabrizi, who, observing the Western regime, thought of following its example for Iran. In his works, he refers to the foundations of modern Western government and the reasons for Iran's backwardness and the way out of it. Relying on Foucault's theory of Governmentality and using the analysis of the original text of Talibov's works, this study seeks to answer the question of what is the basis and context of modern Governmentality in Talibov's thought. The conclusion of the present article is that Talibov considered the reasons for Iran's backwardness in the inefficiency of the government, so he sought to acquire Western civilization by preserving Islamic tradition and law in the form of the idea of a modern state.

the statistics of Jews and Baha’is in the court and the Pahlavi government are not comparable to the earlier periods. The alien and opportunist names of the sects, with two motivations of encouraging the Shah's anti-Shiite policies and the appropriation of important positions from the prime minister to the various ministries, and ... on the political, economic and social dimensions, have a dramatic effect on the pressure Or molding their views on the policy of the Pahlavi kings. Regarding the influence of Baha'ism and Judaism during the Pahlavi era, the most important factor can be considered the secular and anti-Semitic nature of the Pahlavi regime. This feature contributed greatly to the growth of the secularism of Baha'ism and Judaism. The battlefields of anti-Semitism of Baha'ism and Judaism were a good opportunity to achieve this goal by the Pahlavi’s. Accordingly, what is the main question of the writing of the two divisions of the Jews and Baha'is in the structure of Pahlavi's power? The basic assumption of the paper is that with the influence of the Jews and Baha'is in the structure of Pahlavi's power, they exacerbate and further promote the anti-religious policies of the Pahlavi’s' kings and the domination of the aliens and tyrannies, and thus the distance between the government (court) and the religious community of Iran and the people Religious Persia, which is one of the most important factors in the collapse and overthrow of Pahlavi.

Since ethnic groups play an important role in national cohesion in any society, strengthening national convergence and territorial cohesion is an important function of government. Today, given the characteristics of the new world, including the free flow of information and the increasing development of technologies, communications, transnational governance, transnational movements and, in general, changes in interactions from micro to macro, challenges and opportunities for the world community. The realm of ethnicities, like other realms, is no exception, and this has in any case led to change, and what seems important is the need to reconsider the policy towards ethnic groups. In this applied research, by using descriptive-analytical method after theoretical studies, efforts have been made to identify the factors affecting the level of promotion of ethnic convergence in the political-security component and then by consulting with some experts and related experts. Subject and their opinions, a questionnaire was prepared to obtain the opinions of the statistical community. The statistical population of the present study is 214 people. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and error of 0.1, 66 people were appointed. Data were analyzed by single-sample t-tests, Friedman test, and SPSS software. The results of the research showed that all aspects of the political-security component affect the convergence of Iranian ethnic groups.

The realization of the menus of political development, despite its long history from the Qajar period until now, has always faced many challenges and has gone through ups and downs. This process accelerated with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the model of the Islamic Republic, although the emergence of some issues such as the eight-year imposed war, and the long process of reconstruction of material and moral damage after that interrupted the political development path in the country. Using the META-SYNTHSIS method, this study intends to answer the question that given the political, economic, cultural, social, discourse and technological obstacles and challenges in the path of political development in Iran, how can this Paved the way in Iran? The findings of this study indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran, by emphasizing a kind of jurisprudential reading of Islam that is based on a kind of relationship with reason and revelation, tries to provide a kind of indigenous model of development in various fields, especially in the political arena. To increase the ability of the political system to cope with the shocks of the modern period, as well as to provide an interactive coexistence with the contemporary and modern world.