نشریه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
پیاپی 49 (تابستان 1401)

To evaluation and selection of different genotypes of sugar beet for winter cultivation in Razavi Khorasan province, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted separately in two regions (Jovin and Torbet-Jam) in 2018-19.In the Jovein region, 94.11 percent of the total variation in the data was explained by three components. Based on these findings, the characteristics of molasses sugar, sodium content, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield are the most appropriate selection criteria for winter planting genotypes. Using Ward's method, cluster analysis revealed that the investigated genotypes were distributed into three clusters in both regions. FDIR19B3021 genotype in the first cluster of the Jovin region and FDIR19B4028 genotype in the Torbet-Jam region, SBSI-6 and SVZA2019-JD0402 genotypes in the second cluster as desirable genotypes for the Jovin and Torbet-Jam regions, and SVZA2019-JD0400 genotype in the third cluster. The Perfekta variety was selected as the Torbet-Jam representative for the Jovin region. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the genotypes used in the two regions are distinct, and that the increase in root impurities is a problem associated with winter cultivation, despite the fact that the root yield is maximized. The FDIR19B3021 genotype is recommended in the Jovin region, while the FDIR19B4028 genotype can be suggested in the Torbet-Jam region.

This research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The experimental factors include the irrigation regime with three levels (irrigation at 40% of available moisture discharge during the entire growth period (normal), normal irrigation until pollination and no irrigation up to 60% of available moisture discharge until the end of the growth period, irrigation until pollination and stop irrigation until the end of the growth period), irrigation methods with 5 levels (regular leakage, leakage of one furrow in the middle of variable, leakage of one furrow in the middle of constant, rain, type (strip-drop)) and the third factor of growth-increasing bacteria with There were two levels (non-use and use (combination of Microbacterium + Azobacter + Azosperlium + Pseudomonas). The results showed that the factor of irrigation regime had a significant effect on biological performance and grain yield, so that the second and third irrigation regimes (respectively with 7.89 and 4.70 tons per hectare) reduced these traits. Different irrigation methods had an effect on different quantitative and qualitative traits, but the most efficient water consumption was achieved in the tip irrigation method with a rate of 3 kg/m3. The use of bacterial integration increased the biological yield and grain to the extent of 9.79 and 13.51 percent.

In order to assess the competitive ability of soybean with P. alkekengi, a test was conducted at sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. This research was carried out in two greenhouse and field condition. The treatments consisted of five planting ratios of soybean and P. alkekengi including: 25:75 (soybean - weed), 50:50 (soybean - weed), 75:25 (soybean - weed) and pure (100% soybean and weed species). According to the results the maximum yield of soybean in pot (39.60 g plant-1) and field conditions the maximum yield of soybean (141.44 g m-2) were obtained in weed-free conditions (soybean monoculture) and increasing soybean density reduce P. alkekengi biomass than the monoculture of this weeds. In pot and field conditions, the highest pod number per plant (171.66 and 201, respectively) and 100- seed weight (18.45 and 17.85 g, respectively) were observed in pure soybean (weed-free) cultivation. Also soybean tolerance to different densities of P. alkekengi showed that soybean can tolerate low density (25 percent) of P. alkekengi. Also study the competitiveness index (CI) showed that soybean at low density of physalis was higher and inhibit the weed biomass increment. The results showed that soybeans had a higher tolerance index and competitiveness index than the P. alkekengi. In general, increasing the density of P. alkekengi reduced the yield and yield components of soybeans in both potted and field conditions. In general, soybeans in low densities of P. alkekengi had a higher competitive ability than this species and inhibit the increase of weed biomass.

In order to compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the farmer's field located in Neka during 2021-2022. The rice cultivars at two levels (Tarom Hashemi and Sange-Tarom) as the main plot and the planting systems at three levels (traditional planting, improved planting and system of rice intensification (SRI)) as the sub-factor were considered. The results showed that the Tarom Hashemi cultivar (3371 kg.ha-1) and Sange-Tarom (3448 kg.ha-1) were in the same statistical group in terms of grain yield, but the nitrogen concentration in rice grains for Tarom Hashemi (1.49%) was significantly higher than Sange-Tarom (1.39%). The plants cultivated in the SRI produced the highest grain yield with an average of 3736 kg.ha-1, which showed an increase in yield by 14.9% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with the traditional and improved planting systems. The use of SRI management led to the production of the highest concentration of nitrogen in the grain (1.63%) and the application of the improved planting system resulted in the accumulation of the highest concentration of phosphorus (0.15%) and potassium (0.47%) in the rice grain. Therefore, according to the results of the present research, the use of SRI management system increases the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and sustainable production of rice.

Salvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the aerial part of seven plant species of Salvia including Salvia sharifii, S. aegyptiaca, S. santolinifolia, S. compressa, S. eremophila, S. macilenta, S. macrosiphon in the spring of 2020, in the stage of full flowering by natural habitat different from Hormozgan province were collected. The study of volatile compounds of these species by GC / MS method led to the identification and determination of compounds such as α –Pinene, Linalool, Limonene, (E)-Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, Geraniol, Borneol, Menthol and p-Cymene. DPPH method evaluated the antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of seven species of Salvia. The highest IC50 belonged to S. aegyptiaca and santolinifolia and there was no significant difference with each other and the lowest IC50 belonged to S. macilenta. The highest percentage of free radical scavenging belonged to S. macilenta at a concentration of 1600 μg / ml. HPLC was used to measure the polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia species. A total of 17 compounds were identified in methanolic extracts, of which only were detected Hesperetin, Rosmarinic acid, Trans-ferulic acid, Eugenol, Hesperedin, Carvacrol, Coumarin, Quercetin and Catechin. The results of this study showed that the amount of total phenol in S. eremophila species was the highest and was significantly different from other species.

This experiment was carried out as split plot factorial based on complete block design with three replications during 2018-2019 cropping season in two regions including Qazvin and Karaj, Iran. Irrigation regimes including three levels of full irrigation, irrigation interruption from flowering stage and irrigation interruption from silique stage and four levels of micronutrients including zero (control), foliar application of Zn, Fe and Zn + Fe as factorial in main plot and two cultivars of rapeseed namely Sarygol and RGS300 in sub plot comprised experimental treatments. The greatest number of secondary branch per plant (7.72), number of silique per secondary branch (125.80), 1000-seed weight (5.46 g), biological yield (23760 kg/ha), seed yield (5668 kh/ha) and oil yield (5668 kg/ha) obtained in RGS300 cultivar under full irrigation and foliar application of Zn + Fe conditions that showed no significant difference with Sarigol cultivar under similar condition. In this experiment, irrigation interruption from flowering stage showed the greatest loss of seed yield in rapeseed and under water deficiency from flowering stage, foliar spraying of Zn + Fe enhanced seed and oil yield of RGS300 and Sarigol cultivars equal 107 and 153 percent in comparison with control, respectively.Integrated application of Zn + Fe as foliar application increased seed yield through improving of vegetative and reproductive growth of rapeseed plants in different irrigation regimes. Hence, combined foliar application of Zn + Fe micronutrients both with four per thousand concentrations could be recommended to enhance quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed under similar climatic condition