مجله علوم پیراپزشکی و بهداشت نظامی
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 46، زمستان 1401)

Despite the significant effect in the use of drugs in diseases, even with the correct diagnosis, not all patients respond favorably to the drugs. Also, some patients suffer more from the side effects of drugs. Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that the polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors are involved in the different responses of patients to drugs. Considering the complexity of drug therapy, a broader genomics approach with the aim of finding new drug targets and optimizing treatment for each patient seems necessary. However, pharmacogenomics has been able to provide clinical solutions in several clinical situations such as the use of Herceptin in women with breast cancer. Another example is mercaptopurine, which is recommended to patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Some patients have a genetic variant that interferes with their ability to process this drug. This processing problem can cause severe side effects unless the standard amount is adjusted according to the patient's genetic makeup.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global epidemic that has spread rapidly and it led to increased mortality; however, survivors of Covid-19 disease often face a weakened immune system. Since the main solutions to improve the level of safety include training modality and benefiting from supplements, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of resistance training and biotin consumption on the humoral immunity levels of men recovered from Corona.

Methods and Materials:

 This semi-experimental research has been performed with a pre-test and posttest design. 32 men recovered from Corona, whose ages were between 30 and 40 years old, were randomly divided into four groups of control, resistance training, biotin supplement, and resistance training+supplement. The exercise protocol for 6 weeks was three sessions per week and each session lasted 60 minutes with an intensity of 60 to 80% of a maximum repetition. The supplement groups took one biotin capsule with food for six weeks before the training. About 48 hours after the end of the last training session and supplement consumption, the serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, and CRP were measured by the ELISA method. The data were evaluated using the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis at the significance level of (P ≤ 0.05).

The results showed that six weeks of resistance training with biotin consumption caused a significant increase in IgA, and IgM and it coused a significant decrease in CRP in men recovered from Corona. However, there was not any significant changes in IgG and cortisol.

It seems that six weeks of resistance training along with biotin consumption has strengthened the immune system by increasing the amounts of immunoglobulins A, M and decreasing CRP. Therefore, performing six weeks of resistance training along with biotin intake is suitable for improving the body's immune system and it protects a person against the disease of Covid-19.

Happiness is one of the basic concepts and components of students' lives. The study of happiness has three aspects: measuring the level of happiness, examining the factors affecting happiness and methods of increasing happiness. The purpose of this research is to measure the happiness among the students of the Army University of Medical Sciences.

Methods and Materials:

 This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted at Aja University of Medical Sciences. The research population was all freshmen of medical and paramedical faculties in the second semester of 2022. 166 students were selected as the research sample using Cochran's formula and available sampling method. The research tool was the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Data were analyzed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t test using SPSS software version 26.

The average score of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was 32.6±10.65. According to the obtained results, the average happiness of medical and paramedical students was 31.12±10.28 and 34.2±11.21 respectively. This difference between medical and paramedical students is significant based on the results of the independent t test. Moreover, paramedical students have a higher level of happiness.

Since happiness is one of the basic factors in people's academic and career performance and considering the lower level of happiness of medical students compared to paramedical students, it is necessary to identify the causal factors and plan to improve students' happiness.

Productivity is recognized as an essential factor in the growth of the organization. Identifying factors that can boost productivity is consistent with the primary objectives of any organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the productivity of operating room specialists and their job satisfaction in educational and therapeutic hospitals affiliated with the Maragheh University of Medical Sciences.

Methods and Materials: 

A descriptive and analytic study was conducted on 58 operating room technologists employed by the Maragheh educational hospital in 2022. This study has been performed through census sampling method. Data were collected through three demographic profile questionnaires, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Standard Questionnaire (MS), and the Hersey and Goldsmith Productivity Standard Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods including Pearson’s test. SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze the gathered data. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

The average age of the participants was 33.01±7.04 in the study. Most of them were women (82.8%), and they had bachelor degree in operating room (50%). The level of job satisfaction was average and the level of productivity was low. The mean and standard deviation for productivity and job satisfaction were 71.55±15.25 and 71.77±13.54, respectively. There is a statistically significant and direct relationship between job satisfaction and the productivity of the operating room staff of Maragheh Medical University Hospitals (P<0.001, R=0.680).

The importance of productivity to the success of the organization should be considered by the administration. Considering the relationship between high productivity and employee job satisfaction, particularly among operating room technologists, managers can place greater emphasis on motivating personnel to increase their job satisfaction in order to achieve high productivity in the operating room which is the heart of the hospital.

Learning and memorization are two important principles in the career process of nurses. In order to strengthen these factors, new teaching methods can be considered as suitable and practical methods. Due to the fact that multimedia-based education is of great importance in medical education, this research aims to investigate the effect of multimedia teaching model on learning and memorization of maxillofacial surgery technology course compared to traditional teaching method among undergraduate students of the Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study is a semi-experimental interventional study that was conducted on 38 students of the 6th semester of the operating room who were studying at the paramedical faculty of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. The census sampling method was performed in this study. At the beginning of the semester, the first part of the lesson was taught in the traditional method and the second part of the lesson was taught in a multimedia method using the prepared software by the relevant lecturer. The meaning of multimedia is the creation of a simulation software that includes the concepts of anatomy education, familiarization with surgical instruments, and a full description of jaw and facial surgeries. At the end of both methods, the amount of learning and memory of students in both stages was examined through a written test. Moreover, the effect of the designed educational software was compared in two groups. Statistical analysis was performed through related statistical tests by SPSS software version 23.

According to the paired t-test, a significant difference was observed between the learning rate of students in traditional and multimedia teaching methods (p value: 0.038). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the memory of the two methods (p value: 0.000). The results indicate that, compared to the traditional method, the multimedia method is more effective method in students’ learning and memorization.

Based on the investigations, it was determined that the designed educational software can be used as an effective educational strategy to improve the learning and memory of operating room students.

For the successful implementation and optimal use of telemedicine technology, this technology’s necessary infrastructure and success factors should be considered. The present study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of implementing telemedicine technology based on the existing infrastructure in two teaching hospitals of Ferdows city.

Methods and Materials:

 The current cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the teaching hospitals of Ferdows city in 2022. The population included 49 doctors, information technology unit staffs, and managers. In this study, the census method was used and all population was considered as a sample. Data were collected through Ghasemi et al.’s questionnaire, which has 44 multiple-choice questions and it consists of 6 sections. This questionnaire was created to measure the awareness of employees and the feasibility of implementing information technology in hospitals. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method of 87%. Questionnaires were presented to people with an easy access and face to face approach. After completing the questionnaires, the information was entered into SPSS software version 16. Moreover, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and percentage).

49 employees were participated in this study. Despite the possibility of communicating between the systems of each hospital’s departments, more than 70% of the employees did not have access to highspeed Internet and they couldn’t connect from outside the hospital. The level of familiarity of employees with telemedicine technology was at an appropriate level (72.1 %). Furthermore, the strategic plan of the studied hospitals included a telemedicine program. However, telemedicine services have not been provided in these hospitals yet. Providing education (92.3 %), providing care (84.6 %), admitting patients(76.9 %), consulting(69.2 %) and performing surgeries (15.3 %)were the most important applications of this technology from the point of view of the participents. Moreover, the problems of insurance and reimbursement (100%) and the lack of technical staff (100%) were raised as infrastructural obstacles for the implementation of telemedicine technology.

Despite the availability of some telemedicine infrastructure in the hospitals of Ferdows city, these hospitals are still not able to provide telemedicine services. Therefore, it is suggested to take measures to provide the necessary facilities and infrastructure in this direction.

Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in military communities, especially in police. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of low back pain in Isfahan traffic police.

Methods and Materials: 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 Isfahan traffic police personnel in two groups of 50 healthy subjects and subjects with low back pain. A comprehensive set of risk factors of low back pain was measured in the form of work-related and non-work-related risk factors using a questionnaire and four movement tests. Measured data were analyzed using logistic regression by SPSS software version 22.

The most important non-work-related risk factors were increased age, weight, body mass index, hours of sitting, standing, and driving in non-working time, number of heavy objects lifting in non-working time, depression and anxiety and decreased physical activity in leisure time, quality and quantity of sleep, and core stability (P≤0.05). The most significant work-related risk factors included increased working history, hours of sitting and standing and the number of lumbar flexion and rotations without lifting heavy objects in working environment, working stress and decreased rest time and structured physical activity in working environment and job satisfaction (P≤0.05).

The implementation of prevention programs considering reported risk factors in this study can reduce related costs and repeated work absences, in addition to preventing low back pain in traffic police.

Gastrointestinal diseases are associated with significant healthcare costs and complications worldwide. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of telemedicine on improving symptoms, reducing disease burden, and improving quality of life (QoL) in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

Methods and Materials:

 A systematic review of randomized controlled trial studies was explored by searching keywords in the title, abstract, and keywords of the studies in Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed scientific databases between the years of 2012 and 2022. A gray literature search was also conducted using the Google search engine to identify the most recent possible evidence. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Clinical trialas or randomized controlled trials that used telemedicine or telehealth methods to improve QoL and disease activity in patients with gastrointestinal diseases and those articles whose full text was available in English were considered to meet the inclusion criteria.

At first, 963 studies were extracted by searching the database. 870 articles were identified after removing duplicates. After screening the full text of the articles, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The number of participants included 2092 people in the input studies. The duration of the intervention in each study varied from 6 weeks to 12 months. The technologies used included a robot-based platform 33%, remote monitoring 44%, and a mobile-based application 22%. In 22% of the studies, telemedicine interventions improved the QoL, 33% of the studies showed a decrease in the number of outpatient visits and hospital admissions, and 22% of the studies showed improvement in symptom management in patients. In addition, 11% of the studies showed cost-effectiveness and effectiveness, and 11% of the studies reported a reduction in the use of health care resources.

The results of the present systematic review showed that in the majority of studies, telemedicine interventions had better results than traditional interventions; however, a telemedicine program can supplement or replace in-person medical visits to improve the QoL, it can reduce the burden of disease in patients with gastrointestinal diseases and it can improve the patient’s health.