فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of immediate and long-term water and Thera-Band exercises on the ground reaction force in people with pronate foot during walking.

The current research was semi-experimental with a repeated measurement design with a control group. The statistical sample of the present study included 45 male students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University with pronate, with an age range of 18-25 years, who voluntarily and purposefully participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of exercises in water, exercise with Thera band and control. Walking speed and peak components of ground reaction force were investigated in three pre-test stages, immediately and after 8 weeks of training in water and traband. Bartek force plate with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz was used to record the ground reaction force during walking. Also, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

The results showed that walking speed increased significantly after 8 weeks of training with theraband (p=0.032) and training in water (p=0.025) compared to the pre-test. The vertical component of the ground reaction force in the heel strike phase after 8 weeks of training in water (P=0.002) and theraband (P=0.032) had a significant decrease compared to the pre-test.  Moreover, the vertical component of the ground reaction force in the push-off phase after 8 weeks of training with theraband had a significant increase compared to the pre-test (P=0.015). In addition, the anterior-posterior component of ground reaction force increased significantly in the push-off phase after 8 weeks of water training compared to the pre-test (P=0.001).

According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the exercises in the water and the traband have long-term clinical and therapeutic effects on people with pronate and can be useful for correcting the walking pattern.

Nowadays, the application of computers and technology in various industries, including the care industry, has greatly expanded. Due to the need for accurate and correct information, the use of such systems as electronic health records and hospital information systems, in the health industry, has increased. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the possibility of implementation of electronic medical records in teaching and medical hospitals of the Ferdows city (South of Khorasan, Iran) from the perspective of the hospital's staff in 2021.

The present study is descriptive and analytical. The research population was the staff of the teaching and therapeutic hospitals of Ferdows City. In this study, the census method was used and the research community was considered as the research sample. The tool of data collection is the governor's questionnaire, which consists of two parts of Awareness and standards required for the implementation of electronic medical records. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been evaluated in previous studies. However, the reliability of the tool was re-examined in the present study and its internal correlation was found to be 92% with Cronbach's alpha method. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS version 16 and analyzed with descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test.

78 hospital staff participated in the research. The awareness of the research community about electronic medical record was high and both hospitals were well prepared for the establishment of electronic medical records. The average compliance with technical, organizational, human, and legal requirements in two hospitals was 2.07, 2.04, 2.19, and 2.42, respectively. Among the examined requirements, the legal and organizational requirements were the highest and the lowest in the hospitals, respectively. In terms of the presence of requirements, no significant difference was observed between the average scores of electronic medical records.

Considering the relative readiness of the educational and therapeutic hospitals of Ferdows City for establishing electronic medical records and the high awareness of employees regarding this system, it is suggested that the managers and supervisors of the hospitals take the necessary measures and plan this direction.

Athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction need to return to sports after completing their medical rehabilitation, but they usually refuse to do so due to several months of absence from sports and fear of re-injury. Therefore, for these people, an ideal training protocol with appropriate intensity should be considered, so that they can prepare to return to sports, mentally and physically. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of suspension exercises using TRX (total body resistance exercise) on the fear of re-injury and return to sport criteria in athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

The sample of the present study included 26 male athletes (football and futsal) aged 18 to 30 years with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, who were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 13 people (Age 24.54±3.45 years, Height 179.15±4.27 cm, Weight 82.31±6.67 kg, BMI 25.58±1.04) and control (Age 24.62±3.79 years, Height 179.00±3.91 cm, Weight 82.62±10.57 kg, BMI 25.77±2.83). To check the level of fear of re-injury, the Tempa 11 questionnaire was used, and to evaluate the criteria for returning to sports, side jump, 8 jump, and single leg triple jump tests were used. After the pre-test, the athletes did exercises for 6 weeks and at the end, the post-test was performed. The comparison of the mean variables between the two groups in the pre-test and post-test was done using the analysis of covariance test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that 6 weeks of suspension training using TRX led to a significant decrease in the scores of fear of re-injury tests of Tempa 11 (p=0.001), single leg side jump (p=0.001) and single leg 8 jump (p=0.001) and there was a significant increase in the single leg triple jump test score (p=0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Among the features of TRX trainings are the ease of doing these exercises, affordable cost, and the ability to perform them at any time and place. Also, considering that the results of this research showed that performing TRX trainings can improve the athletes' performance and reduce the fear of re-injury in Tempa 11 tests, side jumps, 8 jumps and single leg triple jumps, so to all trainers Sports and therapists are suggested to use the exercises used in this research to improve the performance and reduce the fear of athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Using data mining methods to create predictive models to identify people at risk to prevent complications from cardiovascular diseases will be very effective. The aim of this research is to predict the probability of infection in people with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation using support vector machine, neural network and decision tree algorithms based on factors affecting the disease.

This analytical research includes 300 records. The information required for this study was collected in 1400 using the records of patients admitted to Chamran and Khurshid hospitals in Isfahan. For data analysis, the information includes laboratory, demographic and family history sections using the CRISP method, the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP). Decision trees, neural networks and support vector machines are also used in the modeling section.

The sensitivity and specificity in the neural network data mining algorithm  are 87.5 and 71.11 respectively, 92.85 and 80 in the decision tree algorithm and 88.88 and 75 in the support vector machine. Therefore, the decision tree algorithm has a better performance for predicting the probability of heart and coronary artery diseases and atrial fibrillation. Also it was found that stress, high BMI, high blood pressure and type of job had the greatest effect on the occurrence of heart and coronary artery diseases and cardiac arrhythmias.

In the current study, the decision tree has the highest performance, so it can be used to determine the probability of coronary heart and vascular problems and atrial fibrillation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Arch Support insole on vertical GRF variables and time to peak compared to healthy group among handball players with pronated foot during jump and landing three-step shot technique.

The current research was semi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 20 male handball players with pronated foot.  Participants were purposefully assigned into one of two groups: pronated foot and healthy group.The arch support insole used in this study had a bulge on the medial longitudinal arch part. Bartek's force plate device was used to measure the ground reaction force components during the three step jump. Statistical analysis of variance with repeated measurement was used at a significant level of p≤0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the anterior-posterior (p=0.004) and vertical (p>0.001) components of the ground reaction force in the pronated foot group during jumping in the post-test phase compared to the pre-test. There was a significant reduce in the time to pick the vertical component of the ground reaction force in the pronated foot group in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p<0.001). Also, There was a significant reduce in the medio-lateral (p=0.001) and vertical (p>0.001) components of the ground reaction force in the pronated foot group in the post-test compared to the pre-test at the moment of landing. In addition, there was a significant increase in the time to pick the vertical component of the ground reaction force in the pronated foot group in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P=0.001).

According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the use of arch support insoles might lead to reduce ground reaction forces and increase time to pick the components of the ground reaction force during landing and increase ground reaction forces and time to pick during jumping in handball players with pronated foot, that can lead to reduce injuries and better performance.

Flat foot deformity is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal malalignments among adolescents. It is not obvious whether starting the exercises on each of the muscles of intrinsic or extrinsic has an effect on the morphologic characteristics of the other muscle groups or not. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of starting flat foot corrective exercises with intrinsic or extrinsic exercises on the morphologic characteristics of the Abductor hallucis and tibialis posterior muscles in adolescents afflicted by flat foot deformity.

Twenty-five boy adolescent were randomly divided into intrinsic (n=10, 10.8±0.78 years, 138.8. ±7.22cm, 40.7±9.49 kg) and extrinsic (n=12, 11±0.85 years, 143.1±6.14 cm, 42.25±9.05kg) groups (three boy left the study). For the 6 weeks, the intrinsic group performed intrinsic exercises and the extrinsic group performed extrinsic exercises. After 6 weeks the muscle thickness and cross-section area of abductor hallucis (the selected muscles for intrinsic group) and tibialis posterior (the selected muscles for extrinsic group) muscles were measured by ultrasound system. For measuring the flat foot navicular drop test was used and included criteria was score more than 0.8 in dominant foot. Kolmogorov-Smirnov fitness test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A level of P≤0.05 was considered significant.

The data shows that starting the corrective program with extrinsic exercises has destructive effects on the intrinsic foot muscle morphology. In the extrinsic group, interaction effect was significant (p=0.034) that means extrinsic exercises has disadvantage effect on abductor hallucic thickness.

as can be seen, probably starting flat foot exercises with extrinsic muscle can decrease thickness and cross section area of intrinsic foot muscle namely abductor hallucic. These effect can be result from neurophysiological principle of muscle recruitment. So it is better to start flat foot corrective exercises deformity with intrinsic foot muscle activation and strengthening and after up-regulation of intrinsic muscles, add extrinsic exercises to them.

Changing the movement and position of the scapula is called scapular dyskinesia, which can cause injuries and disorders in athletes and disrupt their performance. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder joint proprioception, function of the upper extremity and scapulahemural rhythm in volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis.

Thirty female volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis (including control group with age: 23.20 ± 3.93, height: 1.69 ± 0.03, weight: 60.73 ± 4.23; exercise group with age: 25.13 ± 3.70, height: 02 1.71 ± 0.00, weight: 63.20 ± 4.21) were selected purposefully and randomly placed in two control and training groups. Shoulder joint proprioception, upper limb function and scapulahemural rhythm of volleyball players were evaluated using photography method, Y test of upper limb and Kibler test, respectively. Scapular stabilization exercises were performed for eight weeks three sessions per week and each session 40 minutes by the training group. After the exercises, the post-test was performed. Dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.

The research results showed that eight weeks of scapular stabilization exercises had a significant effect on improving shoulder joint proprioception (p=0.002), increasing upper limb function (p=0.001) and improving brachial scapular rhythm (p=0.001) in the training group compared to the control group. Also, in the intra-group comparison, exercises showed a significant effect on all components.

According to the research results, probably scapular stabilizing exercises can be effective in improving and developing shoulder joint proprioception, upper limb function and scapulahemural rhythm in volleyball players with scapular dysknesis.

In order to evaluate postural control in people with musculoskeletal disorders, examining different standing positions provides useful information to researchers. On the other hands, visual manipulation also plays an important role in the analysis of postural control of people with patellofemoral pain syndrome in static and challenging conditions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of vision manipulation and standing position on postural control in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome and control group.

30 participants with patellofemoral pain syndrome (aged 23.50 ± 3.76 years, height 167.5±8.58 cm, weight 63.86±12.05 kg) and 30 healthy control (aged 22.43 ± 2.84 years, height 166.25±9.7 cm, weight 59.36±9.35 kg) participated in the Quasi-experimental study in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad in 2017. The postural sway measures (area, anterior-posterior displacement, medial-lateral displacement, and mean velocity) were recorded with force plate while standing (single-and double leg) in participants with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. Also, two groups were examined in terms of manipulating visual inputs (eyes open or closed).

Interference of vision by standing position by group in all postural sway measures were statistically significant (p˂0.04). The removal of visual inputs led to a significant increase (p˂0.05) in the postural sway measures during single leg stance in participants with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (p˂0.05).

It seems that the participants with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome use different central strategies for postural control.  The lack of visual input led to different response in terms of increasing postural sway in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome as compared to healthy control.

Intervention mapping is a method used to design evidence-based health intervention programs. The purpose of this review article is to review the scientific resources in order to investigate the role of intervention mapping in the design of health promotion interventions.

In order to conduct the present review research, the search was performed in two ways. First, a search was performed on the intervention mapping database (www.interventionmapping. com/references) with the terms sports injuries, injuries, physical activity, overweight, fitness, and rehabilitation. This database contains published articles that have used intervention mapping. All titles containing the above words were reviewed. Next, the search was done through electronic search engines in the PubMed database. Intervention mapping AND (physical activity OR sports injuries OR injuries OR overweight OR fitness OR rehabilitation) was used to search. In addition, to search for Persian articles, the National Magazines Database (MAGIRAN), the Scientific Information Database (SID), and the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC) were used.

According to the inclusion criteria, 34 articles were reviewed in this study. Of these, 16 papers completed all six stages of intervention mapping and 18 papers completed steps 1 to 4 or 1 to 5. 27 articles designed interventions to promote physical activity and prevent obesity, and 7 articles designed programs for the prevention of sports injuries and the management of orthopedic problems.

It seems that Intervention mapping has been used successfully in the design, implementation and evaluation of interventions and may increase the use of preventive programs. This study showed that interventions designed in this way have generally achieved their goals. Therefore, it can be recommended that researchers in the field of health promotion, use intervention mapping to design interventions.

Muscle imbalance and its amount and extent among opposing muscle groups is one of the important risk factors in causing musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent and rate of strength imbalances among opposing muscle groups of elite athletes.

To conduct the present review, the search history was searched through electronic search engines over the past two decades (2000 to 2020) at PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords "Muscle", "Imbalance", "Athletics", "Muscle Imbalance", "Muscle Strength", "Rate", " Elite" are used for the search, along with related synonyms. Also, to search for Persian articles, the Iranian Magazines Database (MAGIRAN), the University Jihad Scientific Database (SID), the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), the Iranian Medical Sciences Information Database (IRANMEDEX) and the Iranian Medical Library (MEDLIB) were used. Selected articles were obtained by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research.

Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study, 28 articles (including 26 English articles and 2 Persian articles) were selected. The findings showed that in the knee joint, the ratio of opposite muscle imbalance (agonist / antagonist), for hamstring muscles to quadriceps (H: Q) were 63.2% and 61.8% respectively. These values ​​in the hip joint for abductor to adductor muscles (ABD: ADD) were 89.2% and 75.4% respectively. Mean of these values ​​in the ankle joint for dorsiflexor to plantarflexor muscles (DR: PL) were 35.3% and 35.6% respectively. The mean these values for inverter to aviator (I: E) muscles were 83.5% and 77.8% respectively. These values ​​in the shoulder joint for flexor to extensor muscles (FL: EX) respectively; were 76.8% and 72.8%. For external to internal retinal muscles (ER: IR) respectively; were 63.8% and 70.5%. The mean of these values ​​in the elbow joint for extensor to flexor muscles (EX: FL) respectively; were 92.3% and 91.6%. The mean of these values ​​in the scapular joint for the scapular to proximal scapular muscles (RT: PR) respectively; were 88.1% and 77%.

The results showed that in the evaluation of muscle imbalance in different groups in the upper and lower limb of elite athletes, certain relative values can be considered as quantitative and reference values. This reference is used to find out if the differences in muscle strength are such that they are considered muscle imbalance. Also, in assessing muscle strength imbalance, application of the isokinetic assessment method with the technique of 60 degrees per second is more beneficial. To conduct future studies in the field of muscle imbalance assessment, researchers recommend that in addition to strength imbalance, other aspects of muscle imbalance such as muscle length, flexibility, joint range of motion, muscular endurance, and structural profile of elite athletes should be considered.