Canon Journal of Medicine
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

A thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is the most common congenital neck mass. Seventy five percent of midline neck masses in children are TDCs. Malignant transformation occurs in 1% of benign cysts. The most common is papillary thyroid carcinoma (80 %). It usually presents in the third or fourth decade of life and is more common in women.

In this case report, we present the case of a 5-year-old boy with thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma and review of management.

PTC occurs in TDC rarely, but the probability should be considered before surgery, especially in high risk groups. It is advisable to choose more conservative management plans for children to preserve their quality of life and prevent iatrogenic complications.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is an uncommon and very aggressive tumor that often involves the anterior skull base. The histopathologic findings of this neoplasm comprise a highly complex malignant tumor with combined features of carcinosarcoma and teratoma.

A 34-year-old woman with SNTCS of the nasopharynx who had endoscopically operated twice (36 and 18 months ago) and received 33 fractions (66 Gy) of radiotherapy after the second operation, developed left neck metastasis about nine and half month after the second operation. Functional neck dissection was performed for her about twelve months later.  The patient received 27 fractions (54 Gy) of radiotherapy again. She had been well during her follow-ups.

According to the medical literature, patients who were treated with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation showed lower recurrence and better survival rate than those who were treated with surgery and radiotherapy, however, the number of patients who were treated with surgery and chemoradiotherapy was too small. Thus, radical resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy is currently the most acceptable treatment.

Self-mutilation can be defined as a deliberate behavior that directly damages the body and damages body tissues or even amputations which, for a few minutes, deprives a person of the feeling or misery position. This study was performed to examine different types of self-mutilation in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders and its relation with the type of illness among patients attending to Lavasani Hospital in 2014-15. This study is a cross-sectional observation. Forty-two patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses who had performed self-mutilation entered the study. The prevalence of the type of self-mutilation, the used device, and its relation with the type of mental disorder was analyzed. The Results showed that 90.5% of patients used sharp objects, 4.8% used fire, 2.4% used rocks, and 2.4% used other devices for self-mutilation. 76.2% of patients injured the organs, 19% injured the head and neck, 24% injured the body, and 2.4% injured the stomach area. Age and sex did not have a direct correlation with the place and device used (P>0.05), but type of disorder did show a significant relationship with the place and device used (P=0.001). It is concluded that self-mutilation in mental patients is done mainly using sharp objects in the organs.

Depression is one of the most common psychological problems which is not limited to a specific place or time, and involves people of different social classes and age groups. Anxiety may even cause physical illnesses such as blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, as well as psychiatric disorders such as depression. The aim of this study was to compare the level of depression and anxiety in native and non-native medical students. In this cross-sectional study, 21,800 students of the faculties of Islamic Azad University of medical sciences of Tehran were assessed for eligibility. A number of 280 students were selected. The Beck depression and anxiety questionnaires were used to prepare the items of the study.   Among the sample of 280 students, 184 students were female, of which 160 were native and 24 were non-native. Also 98 students were male, of which 38 were native and 60 were non-native students.Also 116 students (41%) were in normal condition in terms of depression degree, 103 students (36%) had mild depression, 48 students (17%) had moderate depression, and 13 students (4%) suffered from major (severe) depression.Also, the results of the anxiety test indicated that 121 students (43%) were in the healthy condition, 100 students (35%) had mild anxiety, 43 students (15%) had moderate anxiety, and 16 students (5%) suffered from severe anxiety. Findings of the present study show that there is no significant difference between depression and anxiety scores between native and non-native students.

Thyroidectomy is one of the most prevalent performed surgeries worldwide by a variety of trained surgeons in various fields. Risk and complications of thyroidectomy is depended on indication and extent of surgery, number of thyroidectomies performed in a center and surgeon’s experience to a wide extent. We aimed to determine indications and prevalence of immediate post-surgical thyroidectomy complications at Baqiyatallah University hospital, Tehran, Iran. In this cross-sectional study we retrospectively reviewed profile of patients who underwent conventional (transcervical) thyroidectomy between March 2017 and March 2018. Demographic information as well as surgical indication, primary impression, Fine-needle aspiration results, method of thyroid surgery, weight of extracted specimen, final pathology result, duration of surgery, duration of hospitalization and immediate post-surgical complications were recorded in a predesigned checklist. Information on complications was extracted from physician’s progress note and nursing assessment sheets. Eventually 117 (91 female and 15 male) patients with a mean age of 46±13 years underwent analysis. Multinodular goiter (MNG) was the most frequent (57%) primary impression of the study individuals. Total thyroidectomy was the most prevalent type of thyroidectomy surgery among study individuals with 47(43%) patients followed by subtotal thyroidectomy with 37 (34%) cases. Nausea was the most frequent complication with 14 (13.1%) patients followed by hypocalcaemia (5.12%) and surgery site bleeding (3.41%). Findings of the present study showed that multinodular goiter is the most prevalent cause of thyroidectomy. Nausea was the most prevalent complication of surgery followed by hypocalcemia and bleeding.

The staging of gastric cancer has an important role in the management of tumors. Surgeons & oncologists may use many diagnostic tests to measure the stage of tumors. There is a need of study about the reliability of diagnostic endosonography as one of the most important tests for evaluating tumoral stages. The aim of current study is to determine the efficacy of endosonography (EUS) for the staging of gastric tumors pre-operatively. This cross-sectional study was performed on 120 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy operation and admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2015. At the beginning, the tumors were staged by using endosonography. Also, the tumors re-staged after surgery by histopathologic studies. The results of the two methods were compared. Diagnostic indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were compared between the two methods and the level of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Mean age of the patients was 65.44±12.3 years. Of the total patients, 87 patients (72.5%) were male and 33 (25.5%) were female. The accuracy of endosonography method was 82.5% for tumor size. Also, the accuracy of evaluating lymph node involvement by endosonography was 79.2% and for metastasis was 25.0%. Endosonography is a precise method for evaluating tumoral invasion and lymph node involvement with a high accuracy in our hospital and is recommended to be used forpre-operative staging of gastric cancers.

There is a complex interaction between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary in the human menstrual cycle. There is increasing evidence about the role of oxidative stress on female reproductive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the activities of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity during the menses, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in twenty women. In addition, the relationship between the activity of antioxidant enzyme and estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH, and testosterone were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity during the menses, follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. We found a significant correlation between LH and FSH with the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase during the luteal phase (p<0.05). Our results showed that there were not significant differences in activity of antioxidant enzymes during the menstrual cycle.