نشریه عمران و پروژه
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 49، خرداد 1402)

Road accidents pose a persistent challenge to transportation systems, costing approximately 3% of the gross national product of countries annually. In this research, a multinomial logit model (MNL) was employed to assess variables associated with accidents involving private cars, taxis, buses, motorcycles, and bicycles. Private car accidents were considered as the reference category, and the multinomial logit model was used to create a more accurate and data-driven model. The results indicated that the use of bicycles and motorcycles had a higher likelihood of accidents compared to private cars, while buses and taxis had a lower likelihood. The data used in this study were collected by the Traffic Transport Organization of Manchester, England, from the years 2010 to 2021. The statistical software SPSS was utilized for model construction, and accidents were evaluated based on the type of vehicle. Out of the total of 21 variables used, 13 variables were found to have a significant impact in the model. The Log likelihood (LL) was employed to evaluate the models, resulting in a value of 58998.662 for the first model and 80427.09 for the second model. Considering the higher Log likelihood value in the second model, it was selected as the superior model in this research. The findings revealed that variables such as deviation from the route, personal trips, and driver gender contributed the most to accidents.

Annually, Iran experiences numerous fatal and financial accidents due to traffic collisions, emphasizing the need for effective strategic plans and prevention measures.This article examines the indicators of suburban traffic safety in Iran and compares them with Asian countries. In this article, key concepts of suburban traffic safety, including speed, seat belt usage, braking systems, etc., are investigated. Then, the indicators of suburban traffic safety in Iran and Asian countries are examined. Finally, based on data and statistics, the differences in traffic safety between Iran and Asian countries are discussed. In this study, traffic safety indicators such as the ratio of fatalities to road length, the ratio of injuries to road length, and the ratio of injuries to fatalities are examined. By examining these indicators in Iran and advanced and wealthy Asian countries, it is suggested that by improving vehicle safety, increasing road length, enforcing stricter laws, etc., steps can be taken to improve traffic safety indicators.

Iran is one of the countries where the probability of earthquakes is very high, and earthquakes have always caused numerous human and financial losses and the loss of national capitals. Therefore, many researches on the phenomenon of earthquakes and increasing the resistance of buildings as well as the vulnerability of buildings have been done in countries. A look at the damages caused by past earthquakes shows that a high percentage of the existing buildings do not have sufficient and acceptable resistance against earthquakes for various reasons and often meet the requirements of the new codes.They do not, therefore, the need to strengthen these buildings in order to face the side forces with reliable, easy and fast resistance methods is felt. On this basis, in the current research, considering the importance of the subject, while presenting the seismic evaluation stages of the structures, an effort has been made to explain the different and effective methods of strengthening the reinforced concrete structures according to the type of application. More efficient and reliable methods will be

Since investment in any field is associated with risk and uncertainty, this article seeks to identify and prioritize investment risks in the industry. Assessing the amount of investment risk in these projects is one of the key issues in the field of investment in industries with advanced technology. What is obvious is that there is a big difference between the business environments and administrative systems of different countries; Therefore, the effective criteria for investment in different countries are not the same. Today, risk management is a suitable solution to deal with risks that may occur in a project. In risk response analysis, risks are often assumed to be interdependent, in fact, risks in a project mutually influence each other, and independent risk rarely exists. In addition, the implementation of the management of various projects, including construction projects, has many ambiguous cases. The purpose of project risk management is to plan, organize, direct and control the activities and processes of a project. in such a way that the positive effects (opportunities) are maximized and the negative effects (threats) are minimized. A systematic process of planning to identify, analyze, respond and monitor project risk. This management includes processes, tools and techniques that help the project manager to maximize the probability of positive event results and minimize the probability of negative event results. By using the complete process of project risk management, it can be claimed that it is the project manager who is the master of the uncertain conditions of the project, not that the conditions and events make the management captive. The purpose of preparing this article was to examine the risks in investment projects and provide solutions to control or reduce them.