نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد صنعتی
پیاپی 22 (زمستان 1401)

In this paper, while using  the Green and Porter's trigger price oligopoly model as well as data for the period 1996-2020, the impacts of  of negative demand shocks on the market conduct and structure of Iran's beef industry were investigated.  For this purpose, a system of equations consisting of three functions of demand, supply and price-cost margin  was specified  to identify  large and negative demand shocks through demand residuals and grid search approach. The results indicate that the beef market has become more competitive following the unexpected decline in demand, but the structure of the factor (livestock) market has not changed. By using auxiliary tests, the results of this study were reconfirmed. Using the results of this research, policies can be made to improve competition in beef industry.

The way of establishment of various economic activities, especially industrial activities, in a region can affect many economic variables such as production and employment. In this paper, the direct and spillover impact of industrial agglomeration on employment of manufacturing  sector in Iran's provinces are evaluated. For this purpose, while using the panel data of 31 provinces for the period 2015-2018, the spatial econometric model is estimated. The results of the estimation of the spatial Durbin model (SDM) with spatial fixed effects indicate that the manufacturing value added has a dicrect positive and significant impact on manufacturing employment  but a negative and significant spill-over impact onl employment. Also, the direct and spatial impacts of manufacturing investment is positive and significant. On the other hand, the direct impact of industrial concentration index on industrial employment is positive and significant. In addition, the results indicate that the spatial or spillover impact of the industrial agglomeration index on manufacturing  employment es is positive and significant.country's provinces has been positive and significant.

The second law of thermodynamics or the law of Entropy is a warning to economic activists and economic policymakers who pursue the goal of unlimited economic growth without considering the capacity of the environment. The main goal of this paper is to answer the question whether energy input is a substitute for capital and other inputs in the automotive, chemical and food industries. For this purpose, while using the data of companies indexed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1386-1400 Hs, the Translog cost function was estimated. Substitution of inputs in the selected industries was judged based on price elasticities and Allen's elasticity of substitution. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the results showed that the cross elasticities and Allen's substitution elasticities between electricity and other energy carriers are negative and therefore these inputs are not substitutes for electricity. In other words, in the production process of the aforementioned industries, electricity and other energy inputs are needed. Also, the findings of this research showed that Allen's elasticity of substitution between electricity and capital is negative, and therefore these two inputs are complementary to each other. Due to the fact that it is not possible to replace electricity with other inputs in the selected industries, it can be concluded that the growth of these industries regardless of the capacity of the environment will bring harmful effects on the environment through energy supply for these industries.

Reducing the emission of pollution, especially polluting gases, is one of the important goals of the world's energy and environmental policies. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of energy consumption structure on the emission of polluting gases in some countries of the world, including industrialized developed countries and developing countries. To meet this end, while using data for the period 1995 to 2019, a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) was applied. In this paper, energy consumption structure, economic complexity index, urban population and the degree of openness of the economy considered as effective factors on the emission of polluting gases. The results of the linearity test confirm the existence of a non-linear relationship between the research variables. A transfer function with a threshold parameter that represents a two-regime model was considered to specify the non-linear relationship between model variables. The slope parameter (transmission speed) is equal to 3.1964. The results of the tests indicate that in both regimes (first and second) in industrialized and developed countries, the structure of energy consumption has a positive effect on the emission of polluting gases.

In order to implement a successful monetary policy, monetary authorities must have a correct assessment of the time and extent of the impacts of this policy on economic variables in different conditions. In this article, using the quarterly data of Iran's Central Bank, the contribution of different channels of monetary policy effects on the production of manufacturing sector and the general level of prices in the period of 1994-2008 will be determined. For this purpose, while using the Markov Switching Vector Autoregressive Method (MSVAR), two endogenous and exogenous models are estimated under two regimes of zero and one. Considering Iran's Bank based financing system, it is expected that the credit channel will play an active role in transferring money to the production sector. The results of this research confirmed the effect of monetary policy on production and inflation through the credit channel in both regimes. Also, the results confirm that currency rate and housing channels have been effective in transferring the effect of monetary policies to production and the general level of prices. Considering the high cost of housing rent in Iran, it was found that housing price fluctuations in the regime zero have more inflationary effects than in the regime one. Compared to other channels, the stock price channel has had less impact on the transmission of monetary policies on the level of production and inflation. According to the above results, it is necessary to pay more attention to currency stability, and in addition, pay more attention to the capital market as a suitable tool for directing resources to productive activities.

The phenomenon of unemployment is one of the major socio-economic problems that is directly and indirectly affected by the way of governance. Since the mid-1990s, under the influence of the development of new institutionalism literature and the recommendations of international institutions, governance and its components were considered as main deteminants of development strategy of countries and controlling the unemployment rate. According to the theory of new institutionalism, corruption is the main cause of unemployment and many economic problems of countries. The main aim of this research is to investigate the dynamic relationship between corruption and unemployment in OPEC member states for the period from 2005 to 2019. For this purpose, the generalized moment method (SGMM) is used in this research. The results indicate that corruption control can play an effective role in reducing the unemployment rate. Also, the political stability has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate; In the sense that the reduction of political instabilities and more governance control over political events can lead to a reduction in the unemployment rate in OPEC member states.