مجله سلامت جامعه
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

Marital satisfaction is one of the variables easily affected by the relationship between couples. Statistics show an increase in divorce due to marital dissatisfaction. Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of combined therapy with schema therapy on marital satisfaction in heterogeneous and conflicting couples.

The research was a single case study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population included conflicting couples referred to the Parsa counseling clinic in Bandar-e-Torkmen County in 2021. Among them, six couples (husband and wife) were selected based on the research entry criteria, structured clinical interview, and marital satisfaction questionnaire (Olson et al., 1987) using purposive sampling. The subjects of the two groups of combined therapy and schema therapy received 12 weekly sessions (two sessions, 90 minutes each) separately. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, visual analysis of graph with reliable change index (RCI≥ 1.96), and recovery percentage were used in the results report.

The findings of the research showed that both methods of integrated treatment and schema therapy had made statistically and clinically significant changes in the treatment goals (p<0.05), and the therapeutic effects continued in the follow-up period (RCI≥ 1.96). However, the percentage of recovery in the combined therapy group (PND=38.70 & p=0.018) was higher than in the schema therapy group (PND=27.45 & p=0.024).

Combined therapy was effective in increasing the marital satisfaction of couples; thus, it can be used in medical centers to improve family and marital function.

Binge eating disorder (BED), manifested as persistent and compulsive eating, could be the result of affects created due to people's evaluation and perception of their relationships with their parents. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and schema therapy (ST) on emotional adjustment and the sense of loneliness in women with BED who perceived parental rejection.

This was a controlled semi-pilot study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The statistical population comprised all individuals with BED visiting diet clinics in Naein, Iran (2020-2021). Using convenience sampling and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 45 was selected. The participants filled out the Emotional Adjustment Questionnaire (Rubio et al., 2007), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell and Pilva, 1980), and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Abdul Khaleque and Rohner, 2010). They were then randomly allocated to two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups received CBT (one 90-minute session per week for 12 weeks) or ST (one 90-minute session per week for 12 weeks), while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANCOVA.

There was a significant difference between the ST and CBT groups, on the one hand, and the control group, on the other hand, in terms of emotional adjustment (Eta= 0.59, p≤ 0.01, F= 60.63) and the sense of loneliness (Eta= 0.26, p≤ 0.01, F=16.03). The ST was more effective in the emotional adjustment and the sense of loneliness of the participants with perceived parental rejection. On the follow-up, the effects of this intervention were more persistent than those of CBT (p≤ 0.01).

Based on these results, ST appears to be a more effective intervention for improving emotional adjustment and alleviating the sense of loneliness in women with BED and perceived parental rejection.

The stress and anxiety caused by the spread of corona disease have resulted in a lack of motor literacy; if physical literacy is improved to a desirable level, it could guarantee health throughout life. In this regard, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of web-based physical activity on physical literacy and the general health of primary school students during the Corona epidemic.

The current research is semi-experimental in which 50 students aged 8 to 10 from Noorabad city participated in the academic year of 2020-2021 by taking physical literacy tests and completing the general health questionnaire of Goldberg and Hiller (1979) as a pre-test and post-test. The experimental group (n=25) participated in the physical activity program for 16 sessions through Whatsapp software, and the control group (n=25) did not exercise. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was applied using SPSS software version 24.

The results showed the effect of web-based physical activity on physical literacy (p<0.001) and its components (including daily physical activity (p<0.001), physical competence (p<0.001), motivation and self-confidence (p<0.001), and knowledge and understanding (p<0.001)), as well as general health (p<0.001) and its components (including physical symptoms (p<0.001), anxiety and sleep disorder (p<0.001), social function disorder (p<0.001) and depression (p<0.001)), are significant.

According to the findings, active and regular participation in web-based physical activity leads to motor health (physical literacy) and mental health (general health) in students by creating an active lifestyle.

Satellite cells are the primary stem cells in skeletal muscle responsible for postnatal muscle growth, hypertrophy, and regeneration. The present study compared the effect of two methods of circuit resistance training (CRT) and high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on the activating factors of satellite cells in non-athlete young men.

In this semi-experimental study, with a pre-test, post-test, and control group, 45 non-athlete young men in 2022 were selected and divided into three groups randomly: HIFT (n= 15), CRT (n= 15), and control (n= 15). Both training programs were performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and 40 to 50 minutes each for the experimental groups. Blood sampling for measurement of MyoD and Myf-5 gens expression was done in two phases: pre-test and post-test. The expression level of the variables was estimated by the ELISA method using a microplate reader. The data were analyzed using the Covariance and Benferroni post hoc tests.

The results of the study showed that both training methods had significant effects on increasing MyoD and Myf5 in non-athlete men (p=0.001). However, their improvements were higher in the HIFT group than in the CRT group (p=0.041).

These results show the effect of both training methods on increasing MyoD and Myf-5; however, high-intensity functional training was more effective in improving the mentioned variables. Therefore, coaches, athletes, and other officials involved in sports exercise are recommended to use these training methods, especially HIFT, in order to improve factors affecting satellite cells.

Health-oriented academic lifestyle is an emerging model in academic health psychology, among which health-enhancing behaviors are one of the main determining criteria for health, and on the contrary, inhibiting behaviors endanger academic health. Therefore, the current research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the educational package based on academically unproductive behaviors on the promoting and inhibiting behaviors of academic health in students.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, control group, and three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the students of the Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj branch, in the academic year of 2021-2022, 30 of whom were randomly selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria as a research sample and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each with 15 people). The measurement tool was the questionnaire on academic lifestyle behaviors made by Salehzadeh et al. (2016). The experimental group received 10 sessions (2 per week) of 75 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis.

The data analysis showed that after the intervention, the effect of the educational package based on academically unproductive behaviors on the promoting (f=2557.55, η2=0.999, p<0.001) and inhibiting behaviors of academic health (f=1347.42, η2=0.998, p<0.001) was significant in students (p<0.001); these positive effects remained stable during the follow-up period.

Based on the research results, the educational package based on academically unproductive behaviors is a suitable intervention method to increase the promoting behaviors and reduce the inhibiting behaviors of academic health in students.

Sleep is an essential process that helps to maintain physical and mental health, and disruption of its quality can lead to physiological and psychological disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindful yoga on women's sleep quality.

The statistical population of the research included all women with sleep quality problems referred to Darya Yoga Club in Rasht (city) in 2022. Among them, 60 women declared their readiness to participate in the research. Then, by evaluating their sleep quality through the sleep quality questionnaire, 30 with sleep quality disorders were selected as a sample group based on the criteria by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received yoga and mindfulness training in 10 2-hour sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. Petersburg sleep quality questionnaire (1989) was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of the covariance test.

The mean and standard deviation of the sleep quality score in the experimental group were 33.87±11.97 in the pre-test and 22.03±21.93 in the post-test, while, in the control group, they were 43.73±12.69 in the pre-test and 42.87±21.94 in the post-test. By examining the effect of the intervention on the components of sleep quality, it was found that conscious yoga exercises had a significant effect on at least one of the components, resulting in improved sleep quality (F=4.28, p=0.001, Eta=0.278) in the experimental group.

Considering the importance of women's health, mindful yoga training can be an effective intervention to improve sleep quality and reduce related disorders.

Learning sexual skills can effectively affect the health of the individual and society. However, sexual education in Iran has been neglected to a great extent. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of sexual skills training on the knowledge, attitude, and high-risk sexual behavior of adolescent girls.

The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. All the female students in the first-grade secondary school of Tehran in the academic year of 2022 formed the statistical population of the research. Thirty people were selected by available sampling and divided into experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. They completed the sexual knowledge/attitude questionnaire (Besharet et al., 2013) and the high-risk sexual behavior questionnaire (Zarei et al., 2015). In the experimental group, sex education was implemented in 8 sessions (1 session of 90 minutes per week), but the control group did not receive this education. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed a significant change in sexual knowledge (F=44.56, p=0.004, η=0.60) and attitude (F=9.32, p=0.013, η=0.57) between the experimental and control groups from the pre-test to the post-test; as a result of the intervention, the sexual knowledge and attitude in the experimental group improved (p>0.05). Also, there was a significant change in the score of high-risk sexual behaviors between the subjects of the two groups from the pre-test to the post-test; as a result of the intervention, the high-risk sexual behaviors of the experimental group were decreased (F=15.26, p=0.009, η=0.61).

According to the results of the research, sexual skills training can be used as a key intervention in preventing sexual behavior.

 Multiple sclerosis is one of the most important diseases that change a person's life, especially at a young age, causing a sharp drop in the quality of life and leading to disability. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress control training on the quality of life of female patients with multiple sclerosis.

 The current research is semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group in 2017. Sixty female patients with multiple sclerosis were selected as available and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The research tool was the quality of life questionnaire of multiple sclerosis patients. The intervention group participated in 10 stress control training sessions for 2 hours. The control group did not receive training. Data were analyzed using independent-t and paired-t statistical tests.

 The average score of quality of life before the intervention in the intervention group and the control group had no statistically significant difference (p=0.672). In the post-test, the average score of quality of life, physical health, and mental health in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). The independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the average scores of the quality of life and its dimensions before and after the intervention between the intervention and control groups (p<0.001).

 A stress control management program can help MS patients to manage their disease and problems related to their lives. Since this educational program is efficient and low-cost, it can be included in health interventions for MS patients.