فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 72 (بهار 1402)

The decline of America is a topic that has been the focus of Iran's scientific and political communities, however, less attention has been paid to its internal aspects, including the difference of opinion between conservatives and liberals in the field. This difference of view has been crystallized in the two areas of defining American identity and America's international position. The existence of different views has caused a lack of agreement to stop the decline and the common identity is weakened. Using the method of critical discourse analysis, this article examines the speeches of prominent people of the two main American parties, focusing on the period of Trump's rise, in order to identify themes related to decline. The theory of social identity and specifically the concept of common identity within the group has been used to analyze the data. The results of this analysis confirm the existence of a deep difference in the definition of what America is, and at the same time, there is a consensus in matters such as American exceptionalism.

Critical geopolitics, which entered the literature of international relations since 1975 with the efforts of Frankfurt school theorists, the identity, discursive approach and the importance of unofficial-state actors are among the basic components of this approach. The present article seeks to answer the question whether it is possible and capable of using critical geopolitical theory in the analysis of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The authors' findings and assumptions show that the components of critical geopolitical theory such as the identity, legitimacy of non-governmental and unofficial actors can be used in the analysis of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, using the theory of critical geopolitics (goal), the descriptive-analytical method and the theoretical capacity of the critical geopolitical approach in international relations to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic.

By raising the basic question of Sheikh Zakzaky's strategies for the expansion of Shiism in Nigeria, the following research has proposed the hypothesis that his strategies are a practical call, presenting a rational, non-biased image and adhering to the principle of unity and approximation of Islamic and non-Islamic religions. Emphasis on seeking justice and fighting against oppression, calling for rationality and thinking, avoiding isolation and expanding the organization of the Islamic movement throughout the country of Nigeria, which is followed by operational plans. Using the analytical and survey method and interviewing 7 Nigerian students of Jamia Al-Mustafa International University, referring to books related to Nigerian Shiites and virtual websites, the article has tried to analyze the research hypothesis to measure Sheikh Zakzaky's strategies. It has been shown that his strategies are in agreement with Islamic concepts and performed in the form of indirect invitation.

Justice is one of the main goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is necessary for this important goal to be actualized in the society, to have an ideal possible model of political justice. This research, therefore, using analytical and descriptive method and the theoretical frame of the four causes, was performed. Relying on the statements of Imam Khomeini (R) and the Supreme Leader with regard to material and formal causes, presents the indicators of the ideal model of political justice. The research findings indicate that the ideal model of political justice is based on three indicators of equality, merit and maximizing the two, and it aims to realize the equality index as the ultimate, in relation to the law, the enjoyment of political security and political freedoms for all. Also, the index of merit seeks to realize worthy governance, pay attention to merit in the position of legislation, and finally, the index of maximizing equality and merit is aimed at benefiting the largest number of the most worthy people in the society from political-social advantages.

The most important condition for an Islamic state lies in the correspondence of the legal system of the Islamic state with religious principles and standards. This debate has been going on for a long time, from the Mashrooteh era to the present day, and it has been intertwined with the basic question of the necessity and whatness of the norm for perceiving the religious quality of the Islamic law. This research, using the analytical-critical method and intending to answer the question, tries to reach an answer befitting the Islamic system by delving into the ideas of this field and criticizing and evaluating them. This answer is based on the presupposition of the systematicity of Islamic thought, the feasibility of acting on the ruling jurist's fatwa, and its comprehensiveness and breadth compared to other pertaining viewpoints. Therefore, the fatwas issued by the ruling jurist with regard to conditions, place and subjective extension is the closest fatwa to the public interest and, thereof, the most applicable one for Islamic state`s legislation.

This article examines the techniques of the West in changing the nutrition culture in Iran. The transformation of the food pattern of the Iranian people and the establishment of Western food culture are among the goals that the western colonizers have set for overthrowing the Islamic Republic of Iran and destroying the main and fundamental beliefs and traditions of the Iranian society. Through communication tools and mass media, they are the most powerful and penetrating tools of cultural invasion in providing unhealthy and un-Islamic patterns to Iran. The present article has commented analytically on some of the cultural techniques and tricks of the western countries in this regard, which include: humiliation of native and Islamic culture in the field of food style, ill-intentioned play against the cultural heritage of Islam in the field of food style, culturalization of western food style, supporting the promoters of Western nutrition style, false cultural norming in the field of nutrition style, cultural domination in the field of food diplomacy

Lifestyle is one of the main concerns of thinkers in the field of social sciences and cultural field; However, due to the slowness of the lifestyle change process, political and security analysts see this category less as a strategic and security factor. Therefore, the present article deals with the relationship between the change of lifestyle and the change of political regime, in which the policies of the American government towards the Islamic Republic of Iran are emphasized. The main question of this research is: "What is the relationship between the change of lifestyle and the change of the political regime and how does the American government follow the change of the political system in Iran by affecting the life pattern of Iranians?" Surveys show that the process of changing the lifestyle produces a new form of social tastes among the mass of people and even the elite part of the societies. As a result, with the emergence of new political demands and the politicians who believe in the emerging models, the political system, by revising its previous process, steps on the path of changing the political regime.

Revolution is the largest and fastest transformation in a society, which is both the result of transformation and a cause for subsequent transformations. The present article with a comparative method and librarian tools has been performed to study Shia and Sunni thinkers`s approach to the Islamic Revolution; It seeks to answer the question: What is the approach of Shia and Sunni thinkers to the Islamic revolution? The findings of the research show that in the opinion of Sunni thinkers, the priority is to keep present situation, the caliphate system, the teachings of the rightly caliphs, and carry out reforms instead of revolution. Also, according to Shia thinkers, priority is given to Shia jurisprudence, the stimulating teachings of Islam, the school of Imam Hossein (a) and the Prophet (s), anti-tyranny and spiritualism, the occurrence of revolution instead of reform; The Islamic revolution is a positive category and a necessity in the approach of Shia and Sunni Muslim thinkers, which is the continuation of the mission of the Prophet (s) and the victory of the school of truth over falsehood.