Knowledge of Nursing
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Spring 2023

Environmental stresses, such as life and job stresses, may cause some changes in the menstrual bleeding pattern and the hormonal system. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of job stress in nurses and its relationship with their menstrual bleeding pattern.

This descriptive- correlational study was performed on 150 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) job stress questionnaire, and a researcher-made questionnaire related to menstrual bleeding pattern. SPSS version 20 was applied to analyze the data.

The mean age of participants was 30.92±0.41 years, and 68.7% of them had a bleeding duration between 3 to 7 days; the highest volume of bleeding ranged from 60 to 200 cc. The results indicated no significant relationship between job stress with duration of menstrual bleeding, and the time interval between menstrual bleedings (P>0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between job stress and the volume of menstrual bleeding (P<0.05).

The present results revealed job stress in nurses; therefore, adopting appropriate strategies to improve working conditions and reduce stressful situations appears to be necessary.

Severe anxiety during labor can result in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Due to limited studies in Iran and other countries, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of women’s anxiety at the onset of active phase of labor and some of its predictors.

In this cross-sectional study, the participants included 700 low-risk singleton pregnant women with gestational age of 370-416, hospitalized for vaginal delivery at two teaching hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. The anxiety state [by using the Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory (SAI)] and dehydration were assessed at cervical dilatation of 4-6 cm. Variables correlated with the anxiety score with P<0.2 in the unadjusted analysis were included in the multiple linear regression model to determine the predictors.  

The mean of the anxiety score was 49.3 (SD 11.7) out of the attainable score of 20-80. About two-thirds of the women had severe (39.6%) or moderate (26.6%) anxiety. The predictors of high anxiety score were: high fear (β=0.610), labor induction (β=0.196), dehydration ≥ 3 h (β=0.109) and < 3 h (β=0.073), second-hand smoke during pregnancy (β=0.087), and no attendance at childbirth preparation classes (β=0.054). The proportion of variance by all these factors was 62%.

Anxiety was very common intrapartum. The during-labor factors including high fear, labor induction, and dehydration were important predictors of the women’s anxiety. It seems that providing the women with appropriate counselling services during pregnancy and responding to their needs during labor could play a significant role in decreasing their anxiety.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the third leading cause of neurological disabilities. It can profoundly affect daily activities of patients. People with chronic illnesses have different physiological, psychological, and emotional needs, and satisfying such needs is part of their treatment. This study aimed to assess the effect of mindfulness-based therapy on perceived stress and resilience in patients with MS.

This quasi-experimental study had a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The study population comprised of MS patients referred to the Iranian MS Association in 2020. Thirty eligible patients were selected and randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received mindfulness therapy through eight 1-hour sessions according to the protocol by Segal et al (1995). Before and after the intervention, both groups filled out the Perceived Stress Cohen and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 23 (P<0.05).

Mindfulness-based therapy positively and significantly affected the perceived stress and resilience of MS patients (P=0.001).

According to the present results and the difference between the mean pre-test/post-test scores of perceived stress and resilience of MS patients, mindfulness-based stress reduction methods significantly improved the resilience and perceived stress in MS patients. Therefore, this treatment may be recommended to reduce the psychological problems of MS patients.

There are many reasons for nurses to immigrate abroad in different countries. This study was designed to identify the reasons behind Iranian nurses' immigration.

The present study was a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. Data were collected between December 2021 and April 2022. Iranian nurses who decided to immigrate were included in the study through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Interviews continued until data saturation. Fifteen nurses participated in this study. Data analysis was performed using the conventional content analysis.Lincoln and Guba criteria including credibility, confirmability, dependability and transferability were used for assessment of data trustworthiness.

A total of 204 codes were extracted from the analysis of the interviews. From these codes, 24 subcategories, 11 categories, and finally 5 main themes were extracted. Thus, the concepts that nurses proposed as the reasons for their immigration were classified under 5 main themes of (I) professional disappointment, (II) lack of professional value, (III) social chaos, (IV) economic chaos, and (V) promotion.

Nurses immigrate to other countries to dispose of the existing unstable conditions and to find a better life. Therefore, providing a suitable environment for employment and education with reasonable salary and facilities may prevent immigration of nurses.

This study aimed to assess the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of women with spinal cord injury (SCI) from the aspect of environmental health.

This qualitative study was part of a larger study with a sequential exploratory design. Sampling began in June 2016 and ended in October 2016 in Tehran. The participants included married women with SCI who lived in Tehran Province, Iran. They were selected by purposive sampling, and sampling was continued until data saturation. Individual semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 participants. The conventional content analysis was used for data classification using the Graneheim and Lundman method.

improvement of the performance of the municipality was a basic component of the need for environmental health in provision of SRH services for women with SCI that was explained in 2 categories and 6 subcategories. The categories included “improving the transportation system” and “developing appropriate physical infrastructure”.

Women with SCI were interested in caring for their SRH and receiving the respective services. However, there are problems against providing them with healthcare services that need to be identified and eliminated. They need social support and the municipality is the organization that can provide SRH services to such women. Therefore, providing environmental health can promote SRH of such women.

Quality of life (QOL) is a complex, multidimensional concept that has different meanings from the perspective of people in different societies, situations, and times, and relates to a person's satisfaction with his life. The present study was conducted to measure the quality of life of Iranian working and non-working women using an authentic native tool.

Methods & Materials:

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 working and non-working women who were selected through cluster random sampling from the varied zone of Tehran Province (from November 2016 to January 2017). Data were collected through the Iranian women’s Quality of life Instrument (IWQOLI) designed by Seyed Nematollah Roshan with S-CVI/Ave 0.93, and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.919. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.

Among aspects of the women’s QOL, the highest mean was related to a sense of peace in life 71.816 (SD=27.40), and the lowest was received comprehensive support 42.708 (SD=13.02). Based on the findings women who work outside the home have required more support, on the other hand, non-working women need to perceive much sense of security, which can help them feel more satisfied with life.

The quality of life of all the studied women, regardless of their employment status, is not very favorable in Iran. Therefore, to improve it, it seems necessary to design appropriate interventions by health workers and health politicians.

Despite the similarities between psychiatric nursing and other nursing specialties, psychiatric nursing is known to be more stressful. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, limited studies are available on psychiatric nursing challenges. This study aimed to address the challenges encountered by nurses in psychiatric wards in Iran.

A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out in 2019-2020 in psychiatric hospitals of Tehran and Zahedan. Nine nurses of psychiatric centers as participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews until data saturation. Data were analyzed by the Van Manen data analysis method.

Out of 226 codes extracted from the interviews, the concepts were categorized into 2 themes: "professional threats" with 2 categories including "nurse harms", and "care and management threats", and "ethical dilemmas" derived from two categories of "unfavorable conditions for patients", and "none-compliance to professional ethics".

Psychiatric nurses in Iran face "professional threats" and "ethical dilemmas" due to "nurse harms", "care and management threats", "unfavorable conditions for patients", and "non-compliance to professional ethics". Also, they are not satisfied with the quality of their services. To keep them healthy, and promote psychiatric nursing care, it is necessary to promote human resources management, and objectively monitor the quality of care and staffs’ health.

SNAPPS is a case presentation technique that has been shown to use the expression of clinical reasoning. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SNAPPS and clinical reasoning in midwifery students in an ambulatory setting.

A semi experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was carried out on all 80 midwifery internship students in a women's health ambulatory setting (Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University) in 2020. A simple random allocation method was used to assign students to the intervention and conventional groups. The two groups were matched in terms of age and grade point average. Both groups participated in a virtual pretest including 40 multiple-choice questions identified as "must know". The intervention group was then subjected to the SNAPPS technique by watching videos over three 45-min sessions. Next, both groups attended in a two-week ambulatory rotation and after individual work in the case, the main investigator and four instructors recorded the data on a data-recording sheet. Both groups then participated in a posttest. Data were compared by independent t-test.

There was a statistically significant difference in favor of SNAPPS compared with the conventional group (P=0.000). The students of the SNAPPS technique summarized patients records more concisely (P<0.005), were clearer about their diagnostic hypothesis (P<0.005), and better differential diagnoses (P=0.002).

The SNAPPS technique provides the opportunity for expression of clinical reasoning which is highly challenging for instructors to evaluate in a standardized fashion