نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 85، تیر 1402)

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and emotion-focused couple therapy on couples with alexithymia, marital satisfaction, and difficulty in emotion regulation. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental including pretest- posttest with a control group and with 3 month follow-up pattern. The statistical population of this study is based on online invitations for volunteered couples living in strict 1,2,3 in Tehran, for which 60 teams among them were selected according to inclusion criteria. The instruments used included the Farsi version of The Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (FTAS-20), the Afrooz and Erich Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The experimental groups got two different types of therapy once a week. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of the Covariance and Bonferroni tests. Results showed that both therapies were significant for research variables and they were consistent in 3-month follow-up. So both methods can help reduce symptoms of Alexithymia, marital dissatisfaction, and difficulties in emotion regulation.

Social trauma is a complex emotional experience in response to a stressful event that extremely challenges the coping capacity of a group of people. Social trauma if not worked through will encompass several consequences such as depression and violence at individual, social, and intergeneration levels. Mourning is concerned as a process of working through social trauma. Due to the important role of mourning in working through social trauma and blocking its consequences, the aim of this study is to review social trauma studies to find and classify the processes and steps suggested for mourning in social trauma. This study has been done on the basis of PRISMA (2020) guidelines for systematic reviews. Relevant studies have been searched in the google scholar database between 2002 to 2022. According to enter and exit criteria 32 studies have been chosen for exploration and 6 studies have been selected for final study. Findings encompass a 5-step process for mourning in social trauma including emotional expression, defining and verbalizing the loss, narrating, constructing new collective identity, and pursuit of goals and wills. Mourning for social trauma put an end to the violence loop and depression. As a result of mourning for social trauma the traumatized part of society could be able to see new capacities in themselves to pursue the lost ideals again while accepting the personal responsibility for social change to make a new path for creating a new collective destiny.

The aim of this research was to predict nurses' resilience based on Corona's anxiety and cognitive flexibility. this research was basic research and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study. The study community included all the nurses working in the hospitals of Kermanshah in 2021-2022. that among them 360 nurses were selected as samples by available sampling. Research questionnaires included: The resilience questionnaire by Connor and Davidson (2003), the Corona Anxiety questionnaire by Alipour et al (2020), and the Cognitive Flexibility questionnaire by Dennis and Vandorwal (2010). Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between corona anxiety with resilience(p‹0/01 and r=0/584) and cognitive flexibility with resilience(p‹0/01 and r=0/221) and subscales of physical symptoms of corona anxiety(B=-0/168 and p=0/001) and perception of control(B=0/498 and p=0/001) and perception of different options(B=0/194 and p=0/001) were able to predict 40/5% of changes in resilience. Therefore, by improving cognitive flexibility and reducing corona anxiety, you can take steps towards improving resilience.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy with the rate of virtual learning acceptance by considering the mediating role of students' perceived ease. The design of this study was descriptive and of typ correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all incoming 2019 student-teachers in the academic year 2020-2021 in Khuzestan province, from which 220 people were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected by Computer Anxiety Inventory (CAS; Bandalusso & Benson, 1990), Computer Self-Efficacy (CSM; Howard, 2014), Perceived Ease (PEUS; Davis, 1989), and Virtual Learning Acceptance (ElAM; Theo, 2010) and was analyzed by path analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. The results of structural equation modeling showed that computer anxiety has a direct and negative effect on students' virtual learning acceptance(P<0.05). Also, computer anxiety has an indirect negative effect on virtual learning acceptance through perceived ease(P<0.05). The results also showed that computer self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on virtual learning acceptance(P<0.05). The results showed that computer self-efficacy has a positive effect on the acceptance of virtual learning directly and also through perceived ease(P<0.05). Finally, the results showed that perceived ease also has a direct positive effect on virtual learning acceptance (P<0.05). The fit index also showed that the default model has a good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that perceived ease plays a mediating role in the relationship between computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy with virtual learning acceptance.

The present study was an attempt to compare the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the intolerance of uncertainty of women affected by infidelity. The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all the women affected by the infidelity of their husbands who were referred to the family counseling centers in Karaj from the beginning of October to the middle of December 2022. Among these women, 45 people were selected as a sample and were placed in two experimental groups and one control group. The first and second experimental groups received acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), respectively, during 8 sessions. The tool of the study was the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) (Friston et al., 1994. The results of the mixed variance analysis showed a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0/0001). Both interventional methods reduced intolerance of uncertainty and their effectiveness lasted over time. Also, no significant difference was found between the effects of the two ways (P<0/0001). In general, the results of this study showed that both interventional methods were influential in the intolerance of uncertainty of women affected by infidelity.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema-based couple therapy and emotion-focused couple therapy on spouse acceptance in couples with marital disputes in Ilam. The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a tree -month follow -up. The statistical population comprised 105 couples who were referred to counseling centers during the second half of 2021. Of all the couples, 30 were chosen through the convenient sampling method. The participants were then randomly split into three groups: emotion-focused therapy (n=10), schema-focused therapy (n=10), and controls (n=10). Participants acquiring emotion-focused therapy were furnished with Johnson's training package (Johnson, 2012) for nine sessions. During the same period, those receiving schema-focused therapy were given a package presented by Young et al (2003). The controls received no intervention. The study tool was Rohner and Khaleque’s Intimate Partner Acceptance, Rejection, and Control Questionnaire (2005, IARQ). Data were analyzed by the Repeated Measures ANOVA. The findings indicated a significant difference in the "partner acceptance" variable between the schema-based/emotion-focused groups and the control group in the post-test and follow-up phases (P<0. 05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the degree to which that schema-based couple therapy (SBCT) and emotion-focused couple therapy (EFCT) affect partner acceptance (P>0. 05). Therefore, it can be concluded that SBCT and EFCT can serve as two methods affecting the level of partner acceptance among spouses with marital conflict.

The purpose of the present study was to provide a structural model of academic dishonesty based on the emotional atmosphere of the family and spiritual intelligence with the mediation of academic self-concept in students. The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. The statistical population of the research was all the male students of the second secondary level of Khorram Abad city in the academic year of 2021-2022 300 of them were selected and studied by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, a dishonesty questionnaire (ADQ, Khamsan and Amiri, 2013), a family emotional atmosphere questionnaire (FPQ . Hillburn, 1964), a spiritual intelligence questionnaire (SIQ, Abdollahzadeh et al., 2017), and an academic self-concept questionnaire (ASQ, Chen and Thomson, 2004) were used to collect data. The findings showed that there was no significant direct effect between the emotional atmosphere of the family and academic dishonesty (p<0.05). There is a statistically significant relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and academic self-concept (p<0.01), and there is a significant direct effect between spiritual intelligence and academic self-concept with academic adjustment (p<0.01). In addition, there was a significant indirect effect between spiritual intelligence and academic dishonesty through the mediation of academic self-concept (p<0.05), and there was a significant indirect effect between the emotional atmosphere of the family and academic dishonesty through the mediation of academic self-concept (p<0.05). The final model also had a good fit. From the above findings, it can be concluded that academic self-concept plays a mediating role between the emotional atmosphere of the family and spiritual intelligence with the academic dishonesty of students.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of negative spiritual coping in the relationship between dark triad personality and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents. This study is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in public schools in Karaj in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample consisted of 351 high school students who were selected by stage cluster sampling and online during Covid 19 disease. Participants completed the dark personality scale (DPS) Jonason & Webster (2010), the spiritual coping questionnaire (SCQ) Charzyńska (2015), and the deliberate self–harm inventory (DSHI) Gratz (2001). The Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that the model related to the mediating role of negative spiritual coping in the relationship between dark triad personality and nonsuicidal self-injury of adolescents has a good fit. The results showed that the direct effect of dark triad personality on non-suicidal self-injury is not significant (P>0.05). The direct effect of negative spiritual coping (P<0.01) and the indirect effect of dark triad personality with the mediation of negative spiritual coping on non-suicidal self-injury are significant (P<0.01); Therefore, paying attention to these variables in the field of psychopathology and formulating educational and therapeutic interventions regarding nonsuicidal self-injury can be useful.

Emotions are one of the personality dimensions of students that they experience in the entire learning process and different educational situations. Academic emotions are the ups and downs that students experience in the classroom and relation to academic subjects. These emotions can affect the quality of a person's performance and provide reasons for his success or failure in matters related to education. The purpose of the current research was to identify the factors affecting the academic emotion of female students of first secondary school. The research population included 7th, 8th, and 9th-grade female students in the two cities of Tehran in the academic year of   2021-2022. Sampling was done purposefully and according to the criteria of entering and exiting the research, and 12 students were selected as participants in the research based on reaching the criterion of data saturation with positive and negative educational emotions. The research method was qualitative and grounded theory, by Strauss and Corbin's version, with systematic analysis, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The findings identified three individual, environmental, and educational factors affecting academic emotion. Factors affecting academic emotion are coded into three main categories, each of which has other subcategories. The main categories obtained are 1- individual factors, 2- environmental factors, 3- educational factors and sub-categories, individual factors include fit of value and goal, controllability, and recognition; Environmental factors include internal school factors, external factors, social factors, and educational factors, including the subcategories of the curriculum, teacher, and classmates. Therefore, in general, academic emotion is affected by several factors such as individual, environmental, and educational.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of group reality therapy on the cohesive self-knowledge and self-management and impaired performance of secondary school students. This research was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of one month. The statistical population of the research was all secondary school female students in Nazar Abad city in the academic year 2021-2022, from which 30 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method. This number was randomly replaced between the reality therapy group and the control group. Data were collected using Jeffrey Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (YSQ-SF) (1998) and Ghorbani et al. are Coherent Self-Knowledge Questionnaire (ISK) (2008). The intervention of the reality therapy group was held in 10 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed the difference between the pre-test and post-test phase of self-knowledge of coherence (p<0.05, d=-8.63) and follow-up pre-test (p<0.05, d=-3.71) and the difference Between the pre-test and post-test stages of self-management and dysfunctional performance (p<0.05, d=9.89) and follow-up pre-test (p<0.05, d=12.8), it is significant that It gives the effect of research intervention in these variables. It is concluded that by using group reality therapy, it is possible to help to increase self-awareness and adjust the self-centeredness and dysfunctional performance of high school students.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cerebellar training and executive functions training programs on the theory of mind of children with oppositional defiant disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of 1 month. The statistical population of this research included all 5-6-year-old children suffering from oppositional disobedience disorder in Gonbad Kavos city in 2022. The sample size included 45 people who were selected by the available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups. For the first experimental group, cerebellar training and for the second experimental group, executive functions training was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tools included the Children Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4, Gadow, Sprafkin, 1994 ) and the Theory of Mind Questionnaire (TOM, Muris, et al, 1999). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up phases, the average of both experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). The results showed that cerebellar training and executive functions training programs are efficient interventions to improve the theory of mind of children with oppositional defiant disorder.

The current study aimed to provide a structural model of marital satisfaction based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of personality traits in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). By applying the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, the model was tested. The population comprised all women with PMS who were referred to psychological clinics, health centers, and Gynecologists' offices in West Tehran in 2021. Totally, 410 women were selected by the available sampling method. Then, Marital satisfaction (Enrich, 1989), emotional regulation strategies (CERQ-P, Garnevsky et al, 2002), and personality characteristics (NEO-FFI, Costa and McCree, 1992) were completed by participants. The results illustrated that the total path coefficient between adaptive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction (p<0.001) was positive and the total path coefficient between non-adaptive strategies and marital satisfaction (p<0.05) was negative and significant. Moreover, the indirect path coefficient between maladaptive strategies and marital satisfaction was significant only through neuroticism (p<0.01), and the indirect path coefficient between adaptive emotional regulation strategies and marital satisfaction through conscientiousness (p<0.01), extroversion (p<0.01) and neuroticism (p<0.01) were significant. Therefore, it could be concluded that the model of marital satisfaction of women with PMS based on emotional regulation strategies and personality traits has a good fit. Eventually, the application of this model could be advantageous to specialists in the identification of PMS.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on psychosomatic symptoms, differentiation of self, and attachment style of women with psychosomatic symptoms. The research method was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population included all women with psychosomatic symptoms who were referred to two counseling centers of Superior Attitude and Stable Peace in Isfahan City in 1400. Among these women, 30 people who scored the highest score on the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms questionnaire were selected through targeted sampling. and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups and they responded to the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms Questionnaire (Ebrahimi et al., 2017), the Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skorn and Friedlander, 1998) and the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazen and Shaver, 1987). For the experimental group, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was held in 8 sessions of two hours and once a week. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is no significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variable of psychosomatic symptoms (P=0/066) and avoidant attachment style (P=0/273); But in the variables of differentiation of self (P=0/001), secure attachment style (P=0/001) and ambivalent attachment style (P=0/001) there is a significant difference. Based on this, it can be concluded that the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention was effective in the differentiation of self, secure, and ambivalent attachment styles in women with psychosomatic symptoms.

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling as a treatment focused on compassion on social relationships and emotional pain in women with breast cancer. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all married women suffering from breast cancer who were referred to Inicito Cancer Center in Aburihan, Mehyar Charitable Institution, and Shahadai Hospital in Tehran in 2022. 40 people were randomly selected into two groups using a purposive sampling method. 20 people were placed. In this research, once a week, the experimental group received group counseling in the form of compassion-focused therapy during 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were collected using the Pain Perception Questionnaire (MGPQ, Melzak, 1975) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF, 2007). The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measurement showed a difference between the pre-test and post-test stages (p<0.05) and follow-up pre-test (p<0.05) in the variable of social relations. , d =-6.46), and in the variable of emotional pain, the difference between the pre-test and post-test stage (p < 0.05) and pre-test and follow-up (p < 0.05) significant was reported. According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the role of group counseling as a treatment focused on compassion should be paid attention to in improving social relationships and reducing emotional pain in women with breast cancer.

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy on the severity of symptoms and perception of the disease in people with irritable bowel syndrome. The research was a semi-experimental type with a one-month follow-up phase. The population consisted of all female patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. The statistical sample included 30 people who were selected purposefully. Then, 15 people were randomly replaced in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group. The intervention group received meta-diagnostic treatment during 8 sessions of 60 minutes once a week. Data were collected by using Brad Bennett et al.'s (2006) brief IPQ and the severity of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-SSS) by Lechner et al. (2013) (IBS-SSS) was repeatedly analyzed. The symptom severity scores of women with irritable bowel syndrome decreased from pre-test to post-test and follow-up, which indicates the effect of extra diagnostic treatment in reducing the severity of symptoms and perception of the disease in these women (p<0.05). with the persistence of the effect in the follow-up phase in reducing the severity of symptoms and perception of the disease; The stability of the effect of extra diagnostic group therapy on reducing the severity of symptoms and disease perception of women suffering from irritable bowel syndrome was confirmed (p<0.05). It can be concluded that this intervention was able to reduce the severity of symptoms and perception of the disease to a great extent.

The aim of the present study was to predict obsessive-compulsive disorder based on rumination and distress tolerance in the corona epidemic. The descriptive research method was a correlation. The statistical population includes all people infected with coronavirus who visited Nikoi Hospital in Qom City in the spring of 2021 and the results of their PCR test were positive, the number of these patients was 1166. The statistical sample included 289 members of the mentioned statistical population who were selected using the Cochran formula and available sampling method. Data were collected using Madsley Obsessive-Operational Questionnaire (OPQ) (1997), Nolen Hoeksma and Marlow Rumination Questionnaire (RRS) (1991), and Simmons and Gaher Rumination Questionnaire (DTS) (2005). The results showed the components of being symptomatic, introversion, and censure respectively, have a positive and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p<0.05). Tolerating emotional distress, attention to negative emotions in case of occurrence, mental assessment of distress, and regulatory measures to tolerate distress have a negative and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that about 15.2% of the variance of obsessive-compulsive disorder was accounted for by the dimensions of rumination (significance, introversion, and condemnation), the dimensions of distress tolerance (tolerance of emotional distress, the amount of attention to negative emotions when they occur, mental assessment of distress and actions The regulator is expected to tolerate distress. It is concluded that obsessive-compulsive disorder can be predicted through rumination and tolerance of distress in the corona epidemic.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in improving the cognitive and psychological performance of people with diabetes who have recovered from Corona. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with diabetes who recovered from the Coronavirus in Roshangaran Center in Tehran in 1401. 30 people from the community were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale Questionnaire (DASS) (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) Daneman and Carpenter Working Memory Test (DCWMT) (1980) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, the analysis of covariance was used. The results of covariance analysis showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of cognitive and psychological performance (P<0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to use the capacity of cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat and improve cognitive and psychological function in improved Corona diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment to anxiety and emotional self-regulation of parents of children with learning disabilities. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this research was all the parents of children with learning disorders in 1401 who had been referred to learning disorders centers in Tabriz. The statistical sample of the research included 30 mothers who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people for each group). Anxiety questionnaires (AI) (Beck and Clark, 1998) and emotional self-regulation (SREQ) questionnaires (Larsen and Preiz Mike, 2000) were used to collect data. Data analysis was done with the statistical method of analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the mean anxiety and post-test emotional self-regulation of the experimental and control groups at the level of P<0.01. In fact, parenting training based on acceptance and commitment affects the anxiety and emotional self-regulation of mothers and causes a decrease in anxiety and an increase in emotional self-regulation.

The purpose of this study was to predict cyberbullying based on impulsivity, moral disengagement, and dark personality traits in adolescents with cyberspace addiction. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all students in the second year of high school in Ardabil City in the academic year 2021-2022. The study sample consisted of 112 students who were addicted to cyberspace and were selected by purposive sampling. Collecting data using questionnaires of dependence on mobile-based virtual networks (AMQBSN) (Khwaja-Ahmadi et al., 2015), Cyber-Bullying/Victimization Experiences Questionnaire (CBVEQ), (Antoniadou et al., 2016), Moral Disengagement Scale (MDS) (Bandura et al., 1996), Barat Impulsivity Inventory (BIS-11) (Patton et al., 1995) and dark triad of personality (DTP) (Johnson and Webster, 2010). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between impulsivity(P<0.01), moral disengagement (P<0.01), and dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, anti-socialism, and narcissism) (P<0.01) with cyberbullying. Also, 35% of cyberbullying of teenagers with cyberspace dependence is explained by impulsivity, moral disengagement, and dark personality traits (P<0.05). The obtained results showed that impulsivity, moral disengagement, and dark personality traits play a significant role in predicting cyberbullying in adolescents with cyberspace addiction.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of solution-oriented group therapy on the meaning of life and life direction in women suffering from marital heartbreak. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all married women with marital dissatisfaction who were referred to counseling centers in Rasht City in 2021. From this statistical population, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced into two groups of 15 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). To collect data, Steger et al.'s Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ) (2006) and Scheer and Carver's Life Orientation Questionnaire (LOT) (1985) were used. Grant's solution-oriented counseling sessions (2011) were arranged in 8 sessions, 4 weeks long, two sessions each week, and each session lasting 90 minutes. Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of data analysis showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the post-test mean of life meaning and life orientation in the two experimental and control groups. Life orientation was effective.