Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Depression, anxiety, and stress have been shown to be associated with quality of life and sleep quality. This association did not examine separately in men and women. In the present study, we aim to examine the association between depression, anxiety and stress with RLS, Epworth, insomnia, apnea, PSIQ and QoL by gender in Mashhad-study data. A total of 289 individuals (143 male and 146 female) aged 30-50 years old who completed the SUVINA study. They completed the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) and quality of life (QoL). For statistical analysis, SPSS software was used for data analysis and p value 0<0.05 was considered significant. Depression scores were correlated with higher scores for RLS, ESS, insomnia, and PSQI in men but inversely related to QoL (P < 0.05). RLS and PSQI was positively correlated with anxiety in women, and subjects without anxiety had lower mean of RLS and PSQI scores than the other anxiety groups (P < 0.05 for both). QoL was conversely associated with anxiety in women. Stress was related with higher scores of RLS, ESS, insomnia and PSQI in men (all P <0.05). OlderAlthough scores for depression, anxiety and stress were higher in women compared to men, the association of depression, anxiety and stress with RLS, quality of life and sleep quality varies between genders and unlike our expectation these disorders were more highly correlated with RLS, QoL and sleep quality in men.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a clustering of various cardiovascular risk factors that can also affect bone health. We aimed the associations between MetS and bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in subjects with abdominal adiposity. Individuals with body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 were enrolled from the SUVINA study and allocated into two groups according criteria of IDF for metabolic syndrome. TBS T-score and Z/T score of fore skeletal region were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and p value 0<0.05 was considered significant. DXA measurements were made in 201 participants, of whom 75 had MetS and 126 did not. Scores related to the neck of femur and total femur, radius Z-score and TBST-score were lower in subjects with MetS (all P<0.05). Subjects with FBG≥100 had lower TBST-score (p < 0.05). SBP≥130 and DBP≥85 in subjects, led to the lower TBST-score, and lumbar T-score (both P < 0.05). Subjects with (LDL-C≥160 mg/dl) had lower TBST-score, neck of femur Z score, and total femur T/Z scores (all P < 0.05). TBST-score and scores related to neck of femur, and total femur were lower in participants with serum cholesterol≥200 mg/dl (P < 0.05). MetS is negatively associated with TBS and BMD scores. Higher levels of LDL-C and cholesterol were the most associated factors related to TBST-score decrease. The neck of femur was the most vulnerable skeletal against the MetS components increment.

This study investigated the serum levels of Covid-19 IgM-IgG antibodies in three exposure groups in the Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Between March 2020 and March 170, 2021 serum samples were taken from hospital personnel. To determine the levels of COVID-19 IgM-IgG antibodies, we used the ELISA method (Pishgaman kit). Results were categorized as negative if they were less than 0.9, borderline if they were between 0.9 and 1.1, and positive if they were greater than 1.1. We used SPSS version 26 to evaluate the data. The exposure groups were separated into low (first group), moderate (second group), and high-risk (third group) levels. 53 members of the 170 staff belonged to the first group, 51 to the second, and 66 to the third. There were 135 patients with negative IgG, 13 with IgG in the borderline range, and 22 with positive IgG. Furthermore, 9 individuals exhibited a positive IgM, while one had a borderline range IgM and 160 a negative IgM. In the first group, 56.6% of personnel reported cough, 5.9% of personnel in the second group had fever, and 24.2% of personnel in the third group experienced shortness of breath.The findings from this research indicated that there was no clear association between working in wards with higher risks and increased IgG and IgM levels. However, the results did reveal that being in wards with a high number of COVID-19 patients could result in more fever symptoms.

Pompe Disease is a type of lysosomal storage disease that is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal alpha glucosidase. Pompe disease, as a multi-systemic disorder has a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. The objective of this research was to validate and standardize the fluorometric method to detect alpha glucosidase activity, which can be used to identify patients with Pompe disease. This study was performed on 45 Pompe patients and 50 healthy control subjects. Dried blot spots were collected and subjected to an alpha glucosidase activity assay using the fluorometric method. The obtained fluorometric outcomes were then compared to those of the validated MS-MS method. The control group showed a greater level of lysosomal alpha glucosidase activity compared to patients with Pompe disease (P value <0.001). A strong correlation was observed between fluorometric and MS-MS methods, as indicated by the high correlation coefficient (R2=0.955). Accurate and reliable detection of Pompe disease is based on laboratory diagnosis. Alpha glucosidase activity assays are used for initial diagnosis because of they are cost-effective and simple. However, the current research shows that the fluorometric method is also a reliable, cost-effective, and simple alternative to identify Pompe disease.

Cardiac arrhythmia is common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, especially those undergoing hemodialysis. One of the most significant risk factors for cardiac arrhythmias is thought to be electrolytic abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the effect of hemodialysis on cardiac arrhythmias according to electrolytic disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on ESRD patients who had undergone hemodialysis for at least six months. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were checked before and after hemodialysis for all the patients. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, 96 patients were included. The most common arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (AF) (22.9%). Our findings revealed that changes in serum potassium levels (p = 0.036) had a significant relationship with the occurrence of AF. There was a significant negative relationship between changes in serum calcium level and the QTc interval (r = -0.223 and p = 0.023). Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between changes in serum calcium levels and the QRS complex amplitude (r = 0.350 and p = 0.0001). ECG abnormalities, especially AF arrhythmias, are common in patients undergoing hemodialysis, which highlights the need for ECG monitoring both during and after hemodialysis.

Intramedullary nailing is a standard technique for the treatment of long bone fractures. This technique requires the use of on-table image intensifier in almost every step, of which the most important are guide-wire insertion and distal locking. Therefore, a c-arm is an important tool for closed intramedullary nailing. However, if a technique can be done without the use of a c-arm, intramedullary nailing could be done in setups with deficient resources and in poor countries. Thus, we developed the “nail-over-nail” technique, which can be done without using a c-arm for distal locking of the nail.

Studying the survival factors of leukemia patients can lead to a reduction in healthcare costs. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and potential predictive factors in leukemia patients in northeast Iran. Baseline demographic and clinical data of patients referred to Ghaem Hospital between 2014 and 2019 were extracted from their medical records. The survival rates were determined by gathering information from phone calls or archived files. This cohort study consisted of 302 patients with a mean age of 41.09±19.09 years. Among them, 127 (43.3%) had acute lymphoid leukemia, while 166 (56.7%) had myeloid leukemia. The mean overall survival time for all patients was 50.81 months. However, the mean overall survival time for patients with lymphoid leukemia (61.7 months) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that for patients with myeloid leukemia (41.1 months). Moreover, lymphoid patients had significantly higher one-month and one-year survival rates (93% and 72.8%) than the myeloid group (81% and 53.7%) (P=0.002 and P=0.001). However, significant difference did not exist in the five-year survival rate between the lymphoid and myeloid groups (26.2% vs 18.2%, P=0.174). Cox regression analysis indicated that patient survival was correlated with the type of leukemia (1.45, 95%CI=1.10-8.92, P=0.011), age, hemoglobin levels, as well as WBC, RBC, neutrophil, and platelet count.Our findings indicated that patients with lymphoid leukemia exhibited a higher survival rate than those with myeloid leukemia. Survival outcomes were dependent on patient’s age, leukemia type, and levels of WBC, RBC, neutrophil, platelet, and hemoglobin levels.

Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses affecting mammals and birds. The first case of coronavirus in Afghanistan was recorded on February 24, 2020 in a 35-year-old male from Herat who had recently traveled to Iran. The clinical characteristics of elderly and young patients with COVID-19 that affects the respiratory tract may be different. This study reviewed and compared the clinical characteristics of young and elderly patients who were affected by the 2019 novel coronavirus in a COVID-19 hospital in the Herat province of Afghanistan.

Clinical data of patients were collected from a COVID-19 hospital in Herat province of Afghanistan. The clinical characteristics of elderly patients were compared with young and middle-aged patients.

The study consisted of 52 patients that included 35 elderly patients (67.30%) and 17 young and middle-aged patients (32.69%). The universal symptoms in the two groups were fever followed by cough and sore throat accompanied by fatigue. The CURB-65 score for the elderly group was 3 (0-6) and for the young and middle-aged group it was 2 (0-7). The CURB-65 score of the young subgroup was lower than that of the middle-aged subgroup of patients (P<0.001). The involvement of multiple lobes in the young and middle-aged group was lower than that of the elderly group (P<0.05). There was no difference in single lobe involvement between the two groups. Old age and having underlying diseases (diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) puts people at higher risk of COVID-19.

Clinical characteristics between the young and elderly patients affected by the 2019 novel coronavirus in COVID-19 may be different, and this knowledge is crucial in diagnosis, treatment, and methods of control.