Journal of Nanoanalysis
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Jun 2020

Metal oxide nanoparticles due to their antioxidant properties have attractedsignificant attention and exhibited good potential for use in cancer theranostics.Owing to the poor absorption in the physiological environment, they are anideal candidate to act as nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery and bioimaging.This feature can be successfully implemented in live monitoring and imagingapplications, which offer the possibilities and scope for optical, magneticresonance, and nuclear imaging. The environment of malignant cells likethe rapid proliferation of cells, specific antigen expressions, and leaky tumorvasculature can be used by the modifications in their morphology and surfacefunctionalization. Ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles have been fascinating in this regard.Different properties such as size, agglomeration behavior, and surface chargedensity facilitate the interaction of nanoparticles with cancer cells. Compared toother nanoparticles, CeO2 nanoparticles have a potential for pharmaceutical usesince they can act as a therapeutic agent in different disorders such as cancer,inflammation, and neurodegeneration, due to the ability to exhibit variableoxidation state at the nanoparticle surface. Recent literature reports the ecofriendlyor ‘green’ synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles in which the biological agentacts as stabilizers for a cost-effective and feasible mode of preparation. In thisreview, we focus on recent literature on CeO2 nanoparticles with an emphasis onthe methods of fabrication and biomedical applications.

The production of antibacterial and antifungal nanocomposites is widely usedin pharmaceutical, health, food, packaging and medical industries. Meanwhile,the epoxy coating film is one of the most commonly used protective coatings inindustrial applications. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles were first synthesized atthree different concentrations. UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering(DLS) analysis were used to study the nanoparticles properties. The results showedthat nanoparticles were synthesized with a mean size of 46 nm at 0.01 M zincsulfate. Then, the nanoparticles were mixed with epoxy at three concentrationsand finally ZnO/epoxy nanocomposite were prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD)and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the existence and size ofnanoparticles in epoxy film. The disk diffusion method was used to study theantibacterial activity of ZnO-epoxy nanocomposites against Escherichia coli(E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results exhibited that theoptimum antibacterial activity was in nanocomposite films with concentration0.01 M of zinc sulfate.

A new voltammetric sensor for determination of uric acid (UA) by Cuppercomplex- multiwalled carbon nanotube (Cu-complex-CNT) nanocomposite modifiedcarbon paste electrode (CPE) is reported. The electrocatalytic behavior of theCu-complex-CNT nanocomposite modified CPE was studied in pH 2.0 phosphatebuffer solution by chronoamperometry (CA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in thepresence of uric acid. Due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity, enhancedelectrical conductivity and high surface area of the Cu-complex-CNT, determinationof uric acid with well-defined peaks was achieved at the Cu-complex-CNT modifiedelectrode. The catalytic peak current obtained, was linearly dependent on theUA concentrations in the range of 0.66 – 350.0μM with sensitivity of 0.05 μAμM-1. The detection limits for UA were 0.075μM, The diffusion coefficient for theoxidation of UA at the modified electrode was calculated as (4.1±0.05) ×10−5 cm2s−1. The proposed sensor was successfully examined in real sample analysis withurine and human serum and revealed stable and reliable recovery data.

Deleterious effect of high concentration fluoride in water resources on the healthof human. The MgO supported Fe-Co-Mn nanoparticles were produced via coprecipitationmethod and characterized by SEM and FTIR techniques. In the work,the adsorption process optimization was performed by response surface modelingwith the help of Minitab 16 software. The effect of independent parameters suchas pH ( 3-11), the initial dose (0.02-0.1 g/L), the initial concentration of the fluoride(10-50 mg/L) and reaction time (30-180 min) were optimized to obtain the bestresponse of fluoride removal using the statistical Box-Behnken in responsesurface modeling procedure. Conditions for the pH(5), the initial concentrationof nanoparticle (0.05 g/L), the initial concentration of fluoride (50 mg/L) and theprocess time(90 min) were obtained as Min respectively. Under these conditions,the removal efficiency of the fluoride by MgO capped Fe-Co-Mn nanoparticlesequal to 84.64% were achieved. ANONA high correlation coefficients for theproposed model was also obtained (adjusted –R2=0.9993 and R2=0.9984). Theequilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The Langmuir model was found to be describingthe data. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-secondorder reaction.

In this research, the stoichiometric perovskite lead titanate (PbTiO3) nanostructurewas synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal method. The effect of heattreatment of the autoclave and the furnace on the structure of this materialwas investigated. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and leadoxide (PbO), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) were used as the titanium and lead sources,respectively. The negative amount of the Gibbs free energy shows the reactivityof the reaction at room temperature. Characterization of PbTiO3 was carried outusing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The amount of lead titanate increased by raisingthe temperature of the autoclave. The objective of this research was developingthe hydrothermal method to produce the phase-pure lead titanate at lowertemperatures; also the effect of the precursor materials and heat treatment onmorphology and crystal grows the development of PbTiO3 nanopowders wereinvestigated. There are not any secondary phases when the sample was calcinedat high temperatures. It seemed that heating in the furnace in a longer periodand higher temperatures could affect the size of the crystallites. The powder washeated at 1200 oC had the larger grains and the ferroelectric domains that maycause the lowering of the dielectric constant.

In this paper, the electrical performance of double gate organic field effecttransistor (DG-OFET) are thoroughly investigated and feasibility of the deviceas an efficient biosensor is comprehensively assessed. The introduced deviceprovides better gate control over the channel, yielding better charge injectionproperties from source to channel and providing higher on-state current incomparison with single gate devices. The susceptibility of fundamental electricalparameters with respect to the variation of design parameters is thoroughlycalculated. In particular, standard deviation and average value of main electricalparameters signify that metal gate work function, channel thickness and gateoxide thickness are fundamental design measures that may modify the deviceefficiency. The insensitivity of off-state current to the change of channel lengthand drain bias confirms feasibility of the device in the nanoscale regime. Next,a nano cavity is embedded in the gate insulator region for accumulation ofbiomolecules. The immobilization of molecules with different dielectric constantsin the gate insulator hollow alters the gate capacitance and results in the draincurrent deviation with respect to the air- filled cavity condition. It is shown thatby the occupancy of the whole volume of the nanogap, a maximum range of onstatecurrent variation can be achieved.

A novel metal–organic framework (MOF), with the formula [Cu(II)L]n (L=4, 4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone), has been synthesized conventionally andhydrothermally methods and characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, EDX, and SEMtechniques. The results MOFs were applied for photodegradation of MethyleneBlue (MB). The influence of affecting variables, such as initial MB dyeconcentration (2–8mg L−1), Cu(II)-MOF mass (0.01–0.03 mg), pH (3.0–9.0), andtime of irradiation (30–90 min). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency wasinvestigated by the central composite design (CCD) methodology. The resultsof CCD analysis for optimum values of variables revealed that Cu(II)-MOF masswas 0.025g, the initial concentration of MB was 3.51 mg L−1, pH was 4.50 andirradiation time was 75 min.Under the optimum conditions, the photocatalytic MBdegradation percentage at the desirability function value of 1.0 was found to be70%. In addition, the obtained R2 value of 0.97 in the regression analysis showeda high photocatalytic efficiency of the proposed method for MB degradation.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the synergisticeffect of paclitaxel (PTX) combined with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs)on DNA structure and to examine the proliferation of MDA-MB-231cells.

This investigation performed with Ultraviolet spectroscopy, zetapotential investigation, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, ELISA reader andfluorescence spectroscopy.

The Ultraviolet results indicated that the structure of DNA in the presenceof PTX and TiO2NPs (at a lower concentration) changed significantly rather thanTiO2NPs or PTX alone. The fluorescence results exposed that PTX+TiO2NPs couldform a complex via non-intercalative mechanism and the PTX+TiO2NPs affinityto DNA increased considerably. The thermodynamics parameters displayed thatPTX+TiO2NPs interact with DNA strongly and in this interaction, the hydrophobicforce plays an important role. The CD data confirmed that DNA structure wasmodified by PTX+TiO2NPs via a simple and reasonable mechanism: change in DNAconformation from B to C-form. The negative charge of DNA reduced stronglyafter addition of PTX+TiO2NPs. The anticancer property of PTX+TiO2NPs byMTT assay demonstrates that this combination can tremendously diminish theproliferation of MDA-MB-231cells compared to PTX or TiO2NPs alone.

Based on this investigation TiO2NPs could enhance the affinityand binding of PTX (at a lower concentration) on DNA structure and PTX+NDscan promote mortality of MDA-MB-231 cells. This study can offer an innovativestrategy for designing the ideal anti-tumor agents.