Creative City Design
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Jul 2021

Undesired quality and the existing issues in the field of housing are of the main problems in Iran. Removing such problems is one of the necessities in the development plan of architecture and urban development. Providing flexibility by the possibility of creating compatibility or by changing the frame and space for various uses shall lead to the qualitative improvement of the residence space and the satisfaction of many of the needs. By such an approach, it is possible to present solutions for optimizing the space and a suitable response to some of the issues in the field of housing; accordingly, the research was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the effect of each flexibility strategy on solving the housing problems. The current study is an applied study from the purpose viewpoint, and is a combination of documentary and survey methods, from the method viewpoint. To determine the relation between the strategies and the issues, the qualitative method of interview is used and to evaluate the effect of strategies on the issues of the housing field, a questionnaire is used based on the Likert scale. According to the analyses and the findings obtained from the interview and the survey, among the nine existing issues in the field of housing design, seven issues with different rates are solvable using the flexibility strategies. On the one hand, the results indicate that considering the obtained rates, the flexibility strategies are able to solve many issues in the field of housing design.

Design studios, as a place of conformity of design knowledge and practice, have undoubtedly faced problems. In the meantime, understanding the nature of design knowledge can be effective in how to learn and teach. This article has a constructivist view of the nature of design knowledge and with an emphasis on constructivist learning, examines education in architecture studios and seeks to provide a framework for teaching in architecture studios. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the nature of design knowledge from a constructivist perspective with a qualitative approach and a grounded theory. The question of this research is, how can a framework for better workshop training be explained by analyzing the nature of design knowledge? The knowledge used by designers seems to be compatible with the knowledge production conformity from a constructivist perspective, so it tries to examine the nature of design knowledge from a constructivist learning perspective. The information obtained from the outstanding documents and interviews with professors of architecture were entered into Maxqda software, while initial, axial and selective coding led to the extraction of components. In the meantime, the role of the teacher is not the transfer of knowledge, but as a guide and facilitator in the workshop, which is a large part of solving design problems for the student. One of the important factors in building the knowledge of group design and interaction between group members is the lack of effective working group in design workshops is one of its shortcomings.

Traditional houses are catastrophically destroyed due to lifestyle changes over the centuries. Considering that most of the historical buildings are traditional houses, it is possible to understand the importance of studying and paying attention to this type of building. Therefore, the issue of sorting traditional houses and classifying the patterns used in them can be important for identifying and classifying similar buildings. In this research, which has been done through analytical method and in a part of historical interpretation of the study of buildings, an attempt is made to study the types of traditional houses in Kermanshah. The purpose of this study is to identify the species in the houses of Kermanshah in the Qajar period. The reason for choosing this city and this period is access to specimens and the existence of species. The home is a place where the occupants do not feel uncomfortable, and inside the house or where the wife and children live, there should be a lot of variety so that they do not feel tired. Finally, the finding of this study was that paying attention to the elements of traditional houses due to flexibility with today's demands will be able to respond to a pattern for up-to-date design. There are two types of houses, introverted and extroverted, but in some cases, due to the passage of time and lifestyle changes, the type of species has changed.

Global warming has made climate change one of the most critical issues in sustainable development. In this regard, recent studies have indicated that the rapid growth in building constructions and the rise in fossil fuel consumption in the building sector have resulted in higher greenhouse gas emissions that can lead to irreversible and significant environmental repercussions. In the last two decades, solar energy systems have been seen as some of the most effective methods to reduce fossil fuel consumption in the industry and minimize its environmental impacts. However, the research in developing countries examining the basic requirements of implementing solar systems in the construction industry is limited. Accordingly, this study attempts to investigate the barriers to implementing solar systems via a systematic literature review. This research has employed a qualitative approach using NVivo to analyze the barriers identified in previous research, adopting descriptive and focused coding approaches. Collecting and classifying barriers help reveal the challenges of using solar energy in construction projects, serve as a basis for further research to localize barriers based on the research area, and tackle them to move towards sustainable development.

The present research tends to identify the gaps between these expectations by identifying the expectations and perceptions of the citizens from the municipal electronic payment services and to offer solutions to fill this gap or diminish it. For this purpose, based on the conceptual model of customer satisfaction of the quality of services of Parasuraman and his colleagues, which is known as SERVQUAL model in the literature of this field, 5 dimensions of tangible, credit, responsiveness, sympathy and trust among 302 customers have been studied and reviewed. The present study is a descriptive survey in terms of applied purpose and data collection method. Library and field studies have been used to collect information. The tool used in field studies is a questionnaire that is designed based on the research model. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine its reliability. Paired t-test was used to significantly evaluate the difference between customers' expectations and perceptions of the performance of municipal electronic payment services. The research results indicate that there is a significant difference between customers' expectations and perceptions of all aspects of the SERVQUAL model. It was found that the largest gap between the desired situation and the current situation in terms of response and in the next rank, the sympathy dimension, and in the subsequent ranks, the confidence dimension and the smallest gap in the tangibility dimension, and then in the assurance and guarantee dimension were observed. In terms of importance, the received guarantee is the most important dimension, followed by tangibility, confidence, and sympathy, respectively, and the response dimension is known as the least important dimension for customers, which is a significant difference.

The management of metropolitan areas requires correction. Special organizational structures or arrangements must be created and stabilized for metropolitan area management. In such areas, the managerial domain of the metropolis must be a correlated complex of singular and separated units, so that harmonious regional policy-making will become possible. This article has been carried out to identify and rank the indicators of the integrated management of metropolitan areas. Considering the practical objective and the procedure, the research method for this article is of the survey type. Questionnaires have been used in two stages in this article. The experts of urban area management have been chosen as the statistical population. The sampling method is purposive. SWARA method has been applied for analyzing. SWARA is one of the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methods. Results of summarizing theoretical topics, show that 9 criteria such as planning integration, institutional and organizational integration, decentralization of resources and authority, assignment of affairs to lower ranks, legality of policies, law enforcement methods, collaboration networks, presence of a council and the operational and executive authority of managers are effective in achieving integrated management of metropolitan areas. These 9 criteria include 17 indicators. Furthermore, between the identified indicators, four items, namely the presence of a coordinating organization for various managerial domains, with final weight (0.67) the existence of a common protocol and outlook, With final weight (0.204), policy-making on a metropolitan scale and the municipalities’ With final weight (0.07), independent budget from the central government, With final weight (0.029), have the highest importance, respectively.