فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1401)

Overweight and obesity are constantly increasing worldwide Study of the childhood obesity has become a global health priority due to the massive impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development, and well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindful eating training on physical self-efficacy and emotional eating of overweight children. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test designs with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study included all overweight children in primary school in Tehran in the academic year 2021 who had no weight loss intervention.  Using an available sampling 30 subjects were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Then the Physical Self-efficacy and Emotional Eating questionnaires were distributed among both groups. The Healthy Lifestyle Training program was then performed on the experimental group and  both groups completed the questionnaires afterward. Significant positive effect was observed for the Mindful Eating Training program on physical self-efficacy and emotional eating of overweight children (P <0.001). Therefore, it could be concluded that Mindful Eating Training can be used to improve and modify the psychological protective factors of overweight children.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most common referrals in child and adolescent psychiatry. People with ODD have problems with emotion regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy based on cognitive-behavioral emotion regulation on the symptoms of the disorder and cognitive regulation in adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

The design of this study was a type of multiple non-concurrent baseline design. Among the girls referred to psychological centers in Shiraz in the academic year 2020-2021, three clients were selected by convenience sampling method, based on conducting the diagnostic interview, cut-off point 16 in the ODD scale reported by parents, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. An Emotion Regulation Questionnaire & Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale were used in the baseline, treatment, and follow-up steps. An intervention with the Emotion Cognitive-Behavioral Regulation Therapy for 10 individual sessions each lasting for 90 minutes was performed. Version 16 of Excel software was used to analyze the data.

visual analysis (chart drawing), the index of stable change, the percentage of improvement, and the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) indicated the therapy based on cognitive-behavioral regulation of emotion had reduced the severity of the symptoms of the disorder and suppression. Treatment had a moderate effect on the reappraisal component.

According to the results, Emotion Cognitive-Behavioral Regulation Therapy can reduce the symptoms of ODD and reduce suppression. Accordingly, this treatment can be used to improve ODD and better emotion regulation.

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders that impose a lot of suffering for patients and costs for communities. Thus, identifying the vulnerability factors of these disorders is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluation of General and Specific vulnerability factors of anxiety disorders within the framework of a structural model.

420 students from universities in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling and responses to NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Anxiety Control Questionnaire-revised, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, disgust sensitivity scale, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Generalized anxiety disorders questionnaire-IV, Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire and fear survey schedule-II. Data analysis was performed using path analysis.

Based on the findings of this study, neuroticism can be described as a biological vulnerability (β = 0.17, 0.10, 0.05, 0.10 ) and the lack of perceived control as General psychological vulnerability (β = 0.15, 0.10, 0.04, 0.16 ) factor. for anxiety disorders. On the other hand, extraversion can be considered as a biological vulnerability to social anxiety disorder (β = - 0.23). As well as the results of this study led to the identification of specific vulnerability factor of each of the anxiety disorders.

Based on the findings of this study can be considered the Triple Vulnerability Model suitable framework to explain the etiology of anxiety disorders.

The aim of this study was to model suicidal ideation based on body image and rumination with the mediation of social phobia in individuals with gender dysphoric disorder.

In a  descriptive correlational study among individuals with gender dysphoric disorder and members of transsexuals before and after gender reassignment surgery of the Iranian association for the support of patients with gender dysphoria in 2021 using available sampling, 200 people were selected. Then all subjects completed the beck suicide scale ideation (BSSI), body image concern inventory (BICI), rumination response scale (RRS), and social phobia scale (SPS). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and SPSS26 and Lisrel8.8 software.

The results showed that the variables of rumination (T= 3.96), body image concern (T= 5.50), and social anxiety (T= 3.83) have a direct positive and significant effect on suicidal ideation. Social phobia could mediate the relationship between rumination and body image concern with suicidal ideation as welln.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that rumination, body image concern, and social phobia can affect suicidal ideation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS–16) in an Iranian Sample.

In a descriptive-correlational study a sample of 300 students was selected by an online snowball sampling method. In order to assess the divergent and convergent validity, the Dissociative Experiences Scale II (DES-II) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation were used.

The results of exploratory factor analysis in this questionnaire revealed three factors including Interferer daydreaming, Stubborn daydreaming, and Dependent daydreaming in the Iranian student population. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the three-factor model has an acceptable fitness. Cronbach's alpha for the first factor was 0.90, the second factor was 0.86, the third factor was 0.79 and the whole questionnaire was 0.93. A significant negative relationship was found between the three factors of the questionnaire and the total score of daydreaming with acceptance and practice, which indicates the divergent validity of this scale. A direct and significant relationship was also evident between the three factors of the questionnaire and the total score of Maladaptive Daydreaming with the components of Dissociative amnesia, Depersonalization/ Derealization, and Absorption/Imaginative Involvement which indicates the convergent validity of the tool.

the Persian version of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale has acceptable psychometric properties in the Iranian student community and could be a useful questionnaire in evaluating Maladaptive Daydreaming.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on cognitive errors, rumination, and cognitive avoidance in social anxiety disorder patients.

The research was a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines (ABAB) as well as a one-month follow-up. The research population have been patients suffering from social anxiety referred to Arvin Clinic in 2022 and three participants were selected on a voluntary basis. Instruments included the Ruminative Response Scale, Cognitive Avoidance, Cognitive Distortion, and Social Panic Questionnaires. Therapy was performed according to the integrated unified trans-diagnostic protocol for one hour, two months, and twice a week. Percentage recovery, Cohen's effect size, and visual analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results showed that integrated unified trans-diagnostic protocol significantly reduced cognitive errors, rumination, and cognitive avoidance in participants. The overall improvement percentage of social anxiety in the participants was 57%, 59%, and 48% and these rates remained stable in the one-month follow-up.

These findings suggested that integrated trans-diagnostic therapy is an essential therapy to remedy cognitive errors, ruminations, and cognitive avoidance and is highly recommended for treatment of the social anxiety-disordered patients.

Previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of schema therapy and exposure and response prevention methods on obsession symptoms. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy(ST) and its combination with the exposure and response prevention method(STERP) on the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms

The method of this study was semi-experimental research with a control group. The statistical population included all women with washing obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to counseling centers in the north and center of Tehran from November to the February of 2020. A total of 45 were selected as research samples using a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group(15 in each group). The first and second intervention groups were treated with schema therapy and a combination of schema therapy and exposure and response prevention methods during 12 and 14 sessions, respectively. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale. To analyze the data, the analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni test was used.

Both intervention methods ST and STERP were effective in reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women with washing obsessive-compulsive disorder (P<0.001). Also, STERP was more effective than ST in reducing the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women with washing obsessive-compulsive disorder (P<0.001)and the results of the 2-month follow-up of the intervention showed the stability of treatment (P<0.001).

STERP may be a feasible and potentially effective treatment for prior non-responders among OCD patients and thus worth further investigation in randomized controlled trials.

Cancer is one of the most  challenging diseases in the current age. Therefore it is important to choose and use an intervention aimed at improving the quality of life, mental health, and adaptation to the disease in cancer patients. This research is carried out to determine the effectiveness of Memory Specificity Training, as a short-term training intervention, on emotion regulation and adherence in cancer patients.

This survey is applied research using a semi-experiment design that applies repeated measures (pre-test/post-test/follow-up) control group. The study population consisted of all outpatients in Tehran hospitals and medical care centers, who are diagnosed with Cancer in 2021. 60 patients were recruited by convenience sampling method. They were randomly categorized into experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group received Memory Specificity Training in 90 minutes sessions for 6 weeks. Patients were interviewed by a semi-structured clinical interview and filled out Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Adherence Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis and SPSS-24.

Significant higher and lower scores were found respectively for adaptive emotion regulation strategies and maladaptive strategies in the Memory Specificity Training group compared to the control group.  A significant difference was also observed in adherence scores. Significant indices of Group Main Effect (F=13.85, p<0.01, Ƞ2=0.251), Time Main Effect (F=274.22, p<0.01, Ƞ2=0.825), and Interaction Main Effect (F=283.21, p<0.01, Ƞ2=0.830) were found.

Memory Specificity Training leads to improving emotion regulation strategies and increasing adherence in cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on repetitive thoughts and negative meta-exciting dimensions in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The present study was a semi-experimental study of the pre-test-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to psychiatric services medical centers in Mashhad, of whom 24 were selected by available sampling and then were replaced in experimental and control groups (each group of 12). Data were collected using  Repeated NegativeAfter that, the therapeutic intervention was performed based on Leahy's pattern cognitive-behavioral approach for the experimental group during 8 sessions of 90 minutes, but the control group was placed on the waiting list. After the end of the treatment period, a post-test was performed in both groups. The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in recurring thoughts and negative meta-exciting dimensions. The experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Identifying, challenging, and correcting negative repetitive thoughts, and dysfunctional schemas and identifying hopeless thoughts and emotions and challenging them is the main goal of cognitive-behavioral therapists.