Gene, Cell and Tissue
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Apr 2023

 Biofilm-associated protein (Bap) in Acinetobacter baumannii is an essential factor in biofilm production and persistence in the hospital environment.

 This study aimed to detect the bap gene in A. baumannii by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from clinical specimens in Khorramabad, Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was performed during April 2017 - April 2018 on 43 A. baumannii strains from clinical samples collected and identified by microbiological and biochemical tests. The expression of the bap gene was evaluated by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24.

 Out of 43 A. baumannii strains, 23, 8, 3, 3, 3, and 3 samples were isolated from chest sputum, wounds, urine, tissues, blood, and, respectively. According to the PCR results, all isolates had the bap gene except one. Real-time PCR showed significant differences in the expression of the bap gene between A. baumannii isolates from diverse clinical samples. The highest expression of the bap gene was found in chest sputum and wound samples and had a significant difference with other samples (P < 0.0001).

 We observed the bap gene in most strains, with the high expression of this gene in chest sputum and wound samples. Therefore, further studies are recommended to find strategies to inhibit the expression of this gene and biofilm formation, which help treat infections caused by biofilm-forming A. baumannii strains.

 Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene is one of the important virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from different human and animal sources strains.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of CDT genes in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis in Tabriz City (East Azarbaijan province) in 2020.

 In this cross-sectional descriptive study, after isolation and biochemical and molecular identification of 100 E. coli from bovine mastitis, the frequency of cdt-I, cdt-III, and cdt-IV genes was assessed by PCR method.

 Of a total of 100 tested E. coli samples, 94 isolates were confirmed as E. coli by PCR test. Of the 96 E. coli isolates, none had the cdt-I, cdt-III, and cdt-IV genes.

 The results of this study showed that the frequency of the cdt gene in E. coli isolates from cow mastitis is very low, like the other animal sources in past studies.

 Dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is one of the EB types caused by a mutation in the COL7A1 gene, which encodes collagen type 7 and is the main component of anchoring fibrils.

 This study aimed to investigate COL7A1 gene mutations in five families of patients. Khuzestan is suffering from EB.

 After extracting genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples of probands, COL7A1 gene screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of exons 36-37 and their adjacent introns with the Sanger sequencing method.

 The identified mutations included a new homozygous deletion mutation in exon 36 (c.2669delC) that resulted in a change in the open reading frame. Other obtained variants are the common mutations c.4233delC and c.4233delT in exon 37, which were identified as proline substitution mutations in one mutant allele in the homozygous form and three allele mutants in the heterozygous form.

 In this study, presenting a new mutation in the COL7A1 gene is the focus of the molecular heterogeneity of DEB. In addition, the efficient identification of COL7A1 gene mutations provides more information for the accurate diagnosis and prediction of the disease, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis.

Production and cultivation of edible mushrooms are one of the commercial applications of microbial technologies in order to biodegrad agricultural waste into valuable food products. One of the edible mushrooms that uses these agricultural wastes for its growth and development is Pleurotus florida. In P. florida, various enzymes are responsible for the decomposition of lignin compounds in the compost environment from the beginning of mycelial growth to the end of the fruiting period. One of the most important of these enzymes is manganese peroxidase (MnP), which plays a major role in the breakdown of lignin compounds. In addition, the most important compost-degrading mushroom that produces the enzyme MnP is Agaricus bisporus.

The aim of this study was to produce hybrids of P. florida by increasing the production efficiency through hyphae fusion of P. florida and the A. bisporus.

The hyphae fusion and hybridization were performed for two strains P. florida and A. bisporus, in PDA culture media. Samples were isolated from the fusion areas and were transferred to the culture media, and then spawn was produced. Performance testing was carried out with hybrids and P. florida. We designed a specific primer pair of P. florida MnP gene by Primer Premier software (V.7.0). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the MnP gene. For this purpose, RNAs were extracted, and their cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcriptase enzyme. PCR with specific primers was performed, and electrophoresis was loaded on 1% agarose gel.

This study performed hybridization with formation clamp connections at the junction line. Hybrid N09 strain with biological efficiency (82.92) produced the highest performance in all evaluations compared to other hybrids and the parent strains. Based on the results of PCR product electrophoresis, banding pattern N09 (hybrid N09 strain) indicated that this hybrid, in addition to the P. florida MnP gene of P. florida, also received the amino acid sequences of this gene in A. bisporus.

According to the obtained results, the use of hyphae fusion increased the traits as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of parent strains, followed by the diversity of hybrid strains and increased production yield.

 Citrus is among the cold temperature (freezing) susceptible plants. The performance of storage and breeding of horticultural crops is mainly dependent on the correlation among the traits.

 The present study was conducted to identify the physiological and biochemical traits of some citrus cultivars with the greatest influence on stress tolerance and determine the direct and indirect effects of these traits on the median Lethal Time (LT50) using integrated pathway analysis (i.e., stepwise regression and causality coefficient).

 Pathway analysis (i.e., stepwise regression and causality coefficient) based on additive models, which is among the robust statistical methods to describe the relationship among the traits, was used to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of four citrus cultivars (i.e., Japanese mandarin, Thomson orange, Ruby Star grapefruit, and Lisbon lemon) at temperature levels (-8, -4, and +4°C) in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2021.

 The results showed that Japanese mandarin and Thomson orange cultivars had the highest stress tolerance (LT50). The results of the correlation coefficient demonstrated that the highest positive and significant correlations belonged to the LT50 with total flavonoid (0.443**), chlorophyll a with chlorophyll b (0.613**), carotenoid with chlorophyll a (0.929**), chlorophyll b (0.573**), and total chlorophyll (0.849**), relative moisture content with malondialdehyde (0.559**), glycine-betaine with catalase (0.919**), hydrogen peroxide with total flavonoid (0.405**), and catalase (0.611**).

 The results of stepwise regression for all traits indicated the importance and critical role of total flavonoid, proline, and LT50 characteristics.

 Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is considered a hematological malignancy with a prevalence of 1.9 per 100,000 population. Recent studies have shown the role of SNHGs in proliferation, apoptosis, CML progression, and even drug resistance through interaction with miRNAs. The positive correlation between lncRNA-small nucleus RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) and Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) with different cancers has been proved.

 This study investigated the role of SNHG7 and FAIM2 in CML for the first time and revealed the potential correlation between these genes.

 This research was performed with a case-control design. First, the patients were confirmed by using karyotype in addition to molecular and cellular methods. After RNA extraction from white blood cells and cDNA synthesis, gene expression was measured with the use of real-time PCR. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed.

 The results of this study showed that the expression levels of SNHG7 and FAIM2 were significantly increased in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients compared with normal individuals (P-value < 0.001). This increased expression may indicate a potential role for this molecule in the progression and development of this cancer.

 The current study demonstrates the effective roles of SNHG7 and FAIM2 in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia, which can be investigated in future studies as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.

 The ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) gene is located on chromosome 17 and encodes a metallopeptidase dependent on zinc (Zn) and is widely found on the surface of endothelial and epithelial cells.

 This study compares the relationship between ACE enzyme activity and I/D genotype in male and female bodybuilders and normal aerobic male and female athletes.

 For this purpose, the blood of 200 people, who were divided into two groups of athletes with body mass and normal people, was collected and extracted, and the genotype distribution and allele frequency in both groups were checked by the PCR method. The data obtained from examining the D/I variant in the ACE gene in Ahvaz male and female athletes compared to the control group with normal body mass was evaluated using the chi-square test and GraphPad Prism 6 software.

 Findings of the study showed that 28% of athletes had the D/D genotype, 24% had the I/D genotype, and 48% had the I/I genotype. The normal allele frequency distribution in the athlete population was 40% D allele and 60% I allele. Normal people had 42% D/D genotype, 29% I/D genotype, and 29% I/I genotype. Normal distribution in the control group was 57% D allele and 43% I allele.

 Findings of the study showed a higher chance of strength and sports ability in people with the I/I genotype. It seems that the activity of ACE among this genotype indicated an increase in activity in the I/I group compared to all the samples selected in the athlete group. The I/D genotype is associated with an increase in physical strength and also increases the activity of ACE, and there is a significant relationship between the activity of ACE compared to athletes and the control group.

 Novel nanoparticle drug therapy could be an effective method to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.

 The current study aimed to determine the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NP) coated with omega-3 on sciatic nerve regeneration in Wistar rats.

 The rats' left sciatic nerve was crushed with a non-serrated clamp. Animals in experimental groups were given Fe3O4@ω3 NPs (10 or 30 mg/kg/d) for one week. The recovery of functions was then assessed over eight weeks using a walking track analysis and a hot plate test. In addition, histomorphometry was used to assess the histomorphometric factors.

 Results showed that Fe3O4@ω3 NPs may have enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration and improved sensorimotor rehabilitation in comparison to the negative controls. These therapeutic effects were significantly greater in Fe3O4@ω3 NPs at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Furthermore, Fe3O4@ω3 NPs treatment, compared to negative controls, significantly reduced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and improved histomorphometric parameters.

 It was determined that Fe3O4@ω3 NPs had great potential for nerve regeneration due to the ease of their manufacturing and their desired efficacy.

 Contamination of tissue culture medium is a common problem that causes the loss of some or all cultures. Despite all measures taken in tissue culture laboratories to prevent culture contamination, bacterial and fungi contamination is still a significant problem under in vitro culture. Achieving a suitable method for controlling the contaminants in the in vitro culture medium will be a considerable development in the micropropagation of dates.

 We aimed to investigate the effects of different aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rhazya stricta on the disinfection of dates under in vitro culture.

 A factorial test was performed based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The study included three factors: Plant organs (leaves and roots), solvent type (ethanolic and aqueous), and extract concentration (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/mL).

 The lowest contamination (38.33%) was seen in the treatment with ethanolic root extract (50 ppm). In comparison, the control and the treatment containing aqueous leaf extract (with concentrations of 0 and 25 ppm) resulted in the highest contamination rate (100%) in tissue culture conditions.

 The alcoholic extract of medicinal plants can be used to disinfect the explants and the substrate.