نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 21، تابستان 1402)

scattered urban development and dispersion have led to many conflicts in cities. Therefore, the Smart Growth Approach aims to solve these problems. From the viewpoint of urban planners around the world, it is imperative that all actions taken in the field of urban development be sustained. Therefore, this research aims at the Spectrometry of neighborhoods in District 1 of Mashhad by comparing smart growth and passive defense approaches, in this regard along with smart growth, the principles of passive defense are also evaluated. This research is practical in terms of purpose and has been done by using descriptive-analytical method. The required information is collected by documentary and field studies. this study is done by using the views of 12 experts in urban affairs and using the MACBETH technique. the indicators in each approach (7 indicators of smart growth and 8 of passive defense) were weighed and determined by the model of MACBETH, then the analysis and ranking of the neighborhoods of district 1 in Mashhad, based on both approaches, are discussed by ELECTRE model. The results of the study indicate that Goharshad neighborhood has the highest score among the neighborhoods in terms of smart growth, while in the passive defense approach is in the last rank. In the Beheshti neighborhood, the principles of smart growth are less than other neighborhoods, insofar as it is relatively inferior to the principles of passive defense. Kolahdouz among these neighborhoods is the only neighborhood that is in the right position in terms of both approaches.

A sense of belonging makes one rebuild and renovate the home and the local environment. Index of Spatial Belonging of Citizens in Districts 1, 12 and 20 of Tehran Metropolis. Using a survey method and a questionnaire, the opinions of 384 citizens were classified according to Cochran's formula by sampling method and the results showed that the quality of realization and having a spatial affiliation component in the three study areas is different based on multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, the analysis of planning priority to realize the feeling of spatial belonging in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model shows that the index of feeling of spatial belonging in region 20 is the lowest and in general it can be said that the quality of realization The sense of spatial belonging according to the weights obtained in District 20 as a representative of lower urban areas is less than 12 and 1 as a representative of medium and prosperous urban areas, and only in District 1 of Tehran this sense of belonging is appropriate and desirable. the people of districts 12 and 20, as residents of the middle and lower classes of Tehran, do not have this feeling of satisfaction and sense of belonging. Therefore, the national media content planning strategy of the media should be in line with the strategic plan of promoting urban resilience in Tehran and regulating the sense of spatial belonging of the citizens of 12th and 20th districts of Tehran.

Due to the importance of the subject, the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial urban poverty and also to identify the factors affecting the spatial organization of this phenomenon in Tabriz. In this regard, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and the approach is governing spatial analysis. For this purpose, were used to to analyze the research information the nearest neighbor index (NNI) and Hot Spot Analysis in GIS software, as well as the structural equation analysis model in AMOS software. Findings show that the slums of Tabriz have spread in the center, suburbs and west of the city and the distribution of these zones based on the Z index has been clustered. On the other hand, can be seen the spatial duality of poverty between the east and west of the city and the marginal and central areas. Also, factors affecting the expansion and spatial organization of the poor areas of the city can be seen in the macro level to the variables of discriminatory and impoverished mechanisms based on the unfair distribution of power, wealth and income and increasing class distance between different strata and at the micro level to the variables of increasing population. And the inefficiency of the official land and housing markets of Tabriz pointed out that the value of these variables based on the structural model is 0.83, 0.77, 0.69 and 0.63, respectively.

Creative city theory tries to describe a quality that makes the mental image of a city more beautiful for its citizens and its memory more lasting. The purpose of introducing the concept of quality of urban life in this theory is to modify the evolution of urban development from the concept of quantitative growth to sustainable urban development and to solve economic, cultural, social problems and meet the needs of people living in cities. The aim of this study is to investigate the concepts of creativity with emphasis on quality-of-life index. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the documentary-library and survey methods have been used to collect information. By studying specialized sources, 37 variables related to the subject were identified and economic, cultural, physical, managerial, technological and environmental aspects were classified according to spatial and non-spatial aspects. The most important factor in achieving creativity and improving the quality of life in Mashhad was "the degree of interaction of this city with other cities with religious tourism." Based on the results of the Scenario Wizard software, four strong scenarios were identified for the metropolis of Mashhad, which among the 44 existing statuses for all present scenarios, 25% have upgrade status, 29.55% static status and 45.5% decrease status. optimal situation scenario with 11 key factors and compatibility number 5, is the most likely scenario from the perspective of experts and shows the most ideal situation in a 10-year vision to create a creative city in the metropolis of Mashhad.

The identity crisis is evident as one of the consequences of the phenomenon of globalization, especially in new cities, and is one of the obstacles to attracting the population of these soulless cities. These cities are at best dormitories that do not create a sense of belonging and identity in the inhabitants. This can be seen in the basic principles of design of these cities, which include the formation of separate maps and taking into account the historical and climatic characteristics of the environment and the economic, social and cultural conditions of the people who are to live in it. By creating spatial and identity features, one can create and strengthen the sense of belonging to a place or city. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions of urban identity and their effect on the sense of belonging of the citizens of Sepahanshahr and seeks to answer the question of what indicators are effective on the identification of new settlements? And to what extent do these indicators increase the sense of belonging of citizens? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire among 150 residents of Sepahanshahr has been analyzed by structural equation modeling in amosographic software. The results show that social and functional indices with a regression weight of 0.683 and 0.430, respectively, directly affect the sense of belonging of Sepahanshahr residents and natural-environmental index with a regression weight of 0.386 on a functional index and physical-spatial and historical-cultural indices with a regression weight, 0.256 and 0.232, respectively affect the social variable and through it the citizens' sense of belonging.

Today, the "smart growth" strategy has been proposed as a new and comprehensive pattern of urban planning in the world, in order to solve the problem of sprawl urban growth due to relentless urbanization. The metropolis of Ahvaz, which has always suffered from the consequences of such growth in recent years, can not be an exception to this pattern. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, this study aimed to measure and rank the metropolitan regions of Ahvaz in terms of compliance with smart urban growth indicators. The type of research is applied with a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies and field observations. The statistical population of the study was Ahvaz metropolitan regions. As a result of documentary studies, 82 indicators were selected within the framework of 4 physical criteria - land use, socio-economic, access - transportation and environment and the data were extracted using available sources. The data were then analyzed using a combination of Shannon entropy weighting method and ELEKTRE technique. Based on the research results, there is a significant difference between Ahwaz metropolitan regions in terms of appropriateness to smart urban growth indicators; In this regard, District 5 of Ahvaz metropolis has poor conditions, so compared to other areas of the metropolis, it deserves more serious attention. Finally, based on the research findings, solutions were proposed.

Children are considered the creators of the next generations and urban spaces play a special role in socializing, realizing talents and meeting the social and individual needs of children. Therefore, safe urban environment and proper design of urban spaces in accordance with children's lives are very important in leading human society towards a healthy and desirable society. However, in the Iranian urban management and planning system, attention to the needs of children has been neglected. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to provide a model of management and planning of a safe urban environment with a child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis. Therefore, the research method is practical in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature, which in order to analyze the information, have been used of DEMATEL technique and network analysis model (ANP) in Super decision software. Also, the statistical population of the research included experts and specialists urban issues in Tehran, and using Delphi sampling, the sample size of 20 people has been determined. Findings show that in order to provide an appropriate management and planning model in order to achieve a safe urban environment with a child-friendly city approach in Tehran, socio-political-cultural criteria are the most effective and institutional and legal planning criteria are the most effective. Based on the special vector obtained from the network analysis model, the environmental-physical criterion with a normal weight of 0.205 has the highest priority and the security criterion with a normal weight of 0.199 is in the second priority. Also, the institutional planning criterion with a weight of 0.139 has the lowest priority.

Among the most significant contemporary needs of societies is paying attention to children and their social needs in cities. Most urban spaces are not good enough to be used by children and adolescents. There are no cities that pay attention to children’s needs, their feelings, and psychological aspects of living in the cities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a child-friendly city indicators in Golbahar, Iran and to determine children’s needs. The statistical population of this applied and descriptive-analytical study includes children between 7 and 15. The sample consists of 312 children. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. Four blocks were selected from each neighborhood. The reliability coefficient was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.8 and one-sample t-test, regression analysis, and children’s collaborative analysis (painting of favorite city). The results showed that the indicators of child-friendly city in Golbahar are not good. That is, the sense of belonging among the children is at low level, and participation willingness among children is at optimal level. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that access indicator has the highest impact, followed by the design, social and environmental-physical indicators. The indicators will have an increasing impact on building child-friendly city. Moreover, the children’s paintings of their favorite city showed their tendency towards green spaces and facilities for play and entertainment.