نشریه پژوهش های حدیثی - کلامی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، بهار و تابستان 1402)

One of the factors of incorrect understanding of the Quran and religious beliefs in general is subjective interpretation, which has been warned against in numerous verses of the Qur'an, and in the hadiths of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (PBUH).  and such interpreter has been threatened to undergo hellfire and disbelief even in a verse. The principle of sanctity of subjective interpretation is commonly respected, and none of the Islamic sects have doubts about it. However, as in the history of Quranic interpretations, many subjective interpretations have caused ideological deviations and even religious and sectarian conflicts, there are divided views on the concept and meaning of subjective interpretation and its indicators and examples. The need to avoid deviation in religious and theological perceptions underscores the importance and necessity of this study. haveing quoted some of the relevant narrations, the article analyzed, compared and reconciled the views of some experts and found some common points and despite the differences of opinion in this field.

The present article aims to study and answer the question of what the Barzakh is like in the hadiths of the Fariqin (Shia and Sunni) and what their commonalities and differences are. The study followed library research and analyzed the most important topics of life in Barzakh in a comparative manner and presented a clear picture of it in different traditions. The analysis shows that existence of Barzakh has been emphasized in the narrations of Fariqin, with darkness as the main principle and with an emphasis on the grave. Yetm there are many differences on the questions asked from the deceased. Also, in the Shia narrations, there are two types of narrations regarding the question of Barzakh, which contradict, and there are some areas to reconciliate them. An imaginal body in Shia narrations and the placement of the believer's soul inside bird nests in the heaven are among the cases of difference. Regarding the location of Barzakh, there are differences in the narrations of Fariqin. A hard life, the torment of the grave, and a comfortable sleep are among the commonalities of the Fariqin narratives about Barzakh. In the hadiths of Fariqin, there is a mention of the return of the soul to the body in the grave and Barzakh, yet, the narration is not acceptable due to the narrator's additions. It should be added that the common areas in the narratives of the Barzakh in the narrative sources of Fariqin have had a significant role in the formation of the belief in the life of the Barzakh.

The book "Al-Akhbar al-dakhila" is one of the great works by Allameh Mohammad Taqi Shushtri, a contemporary scholar. He wrote this book about fake and distorted hadiths. This article studies one of the narrations that he considered to be fake in his book: The Height of Adam (peace be upon him). The present research, which examines the documentary validation and citation of the above narrative with a descriptive-analytical approach, shows that the late Shoushtari's criticisms of the narrative are valid, and the above narrative is weak in terms of its document and indefensible in terms of content. Although some have tried to answer and refute Shushtri's problems with the aim of defending the hadith, but the examination of the narration based on criteria of hadith criticism shows that such claims are not acceptable. The mentioned hadith is incompatible with the Quranic verses, authentic narrations, scientific findings and evidence and Shia theological beliefs.

According to the verses of the Holy Quran and numerous traditions, one of the main and most important religious teachings is establishing a relationship between man and God, which is interpreted as prayer. In this respect, authentic and proverbial supplications of the Imams (pbuh) serve a significant role for containing texts and high epistemic concepts. Yet, some of them, apart from their incompatibility with theological beliefs of Shia Muslims, have been attributed to Imams only based on such rules as prevalence, or acceptance by applying tolerance principle. Among these supplications is the famous Sanami Quraish's supplication attributed to Amirul Momineen (AS), which has many problems in terms of documentation and content. Given that no study has yet addressed this issue, the authors have attempted to study the documentation and the content of this prayer based on theological beliefs. The study indicates that the said prayer, in addition to lack of documentary validity, reveals various contradictions in terms of its text and content with respect to theological Muslim beliefs such as the Qur'an, knowledge of Imam (AS), and inconsistency with narrations as well as literary inconsistencies. Therefore, attribution of this supplication to Amir al-Momineen (AS) lacks scientific validity and the authentication basics.

Hadith has a high position in the religion of Islam and plays an important role in presenting the concepts of the religion. Many of the teachings of Islam are taken from hadiths, so much that it can be claimed that hadiths are the second source of religion after the Qur'an. Failure to understand the meaning and incomplete understanding of hadiths is tantamount to their absence. The Prophet and his Ahl al-Bayt stressed on the correct understanding of hadiths, and this in itself clarifies the necessity of the science of hadith jurisprudence, because the wrong understanding and interpretation of the sayings of Imams throughout history has led to the emergence of sects and deviant practices. Thus, hadith Muslim scholars have had an important concern in discovering and identifying the meaning and purpose of the Masum since the very beginning of the issuance of hadith. A correct and authentic understanding of hadiths requires reliable sources neglecting which will cause a lack of understanding or a wrong understanding of hadiths. In the understanding of traditions, hadith experts and scholars have always used the Qur'an as the main source of theology and theological beliefs throughout history under such titles as religious certainties and the essentials of religion. The results of this research indicate that it is possible to recognize many false narrations,  hadith priorities, and possible meanings of hadiths by using the Qur'an, and achieve other aspects of the meanings of hadiths by referring to theological beliefs.

The levels of the lovers of Ahl al-Bayt's (a.s.) and the limits and limitations of their love in the eternal salvation of mankind have always been the subject of serious discussion and debate among the supporters and opponents of Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.). Some people have fallen into the trap of extremism due to love for the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) without observing the rules and requirements of friendship, and by partial narration of some hadiths, and by misinterpreting the partial hadiths, so they have committed obscenity in religious practices. Among this group are ghulātare, who, by their incorrect interpretation and misunderstanding of the hadith of "If you know, do what you do," caused the creation of negligent thinking and belief about the essentials of religion, both for themselves and their weak followers. Therefore, this paper seeks to explain the limits of the Ahl al-Bayt's in eternal salvation through an analytical-descriptive method, in order to express the position of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and the accepted Qur'anic and narrational points of view regarding the rules being a real lover and the conditions of benefiting the intercession of the noble ones in the shadow of their love.