پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
پیاپی 21 (بهار 1402)

Despite their prominent religious characteristics, the most important Ilkhanid structures built in their capital are great, soaring, and regal. Historical references suggest that the final shape of the preeminent buildings was determined by Sultans and their courts. This study aims to determine a discourse relationship between the outstanding architectural works of the Ilkhanid era and the main pillars of power. To this end, David Beetham’s legitimation of power theory was adopted. This qualitative and historical study uses an analytic-descriptive method to describe the discoursal performance and instances of the main pillars of power in architectural works. The results indicated that the power elements were reflected in Ilkhanid architectural works and the concepts represented matched David Beetham’s legitimation of power theory. Building the Maragheh observatory as a science center and Takht-e Soleymān palace to build solidarity with the Sassanid rulers as the first level of power legitimation, and building Buddhist temple, churches, and mosques amid constant conflicts of common religions were examples of Arghun and his successors’ failure to continue legitimacy-creating approaches at the second level of power legitimation. At the third level, the alliance of the main pillars of power during the Islamic Ilkhanid era manifested in the most important regal buildings including Shanb Ghazan (political and religious power alliance), Rab'-e Rashidi (religious and scientific power alliance), Alishah Ark and Soltaniyeh dome (the alliance of all main pillars of power with the organization of buildings such as congregational mosques, Khanqahs, governmental Divan, bazaars, and commercial roads in a structural system) is representative of the reflection of the dominant discourse of Ilkhanate society in architectural and urban development principles of that era.

Among the documents left from the administrative organization of the Holy Shrine of Hazrat Masoumeh (pbuh) from the Safavid period to the end of the Qajar period, the revenue and expenditure scrolls are very valuable because they reflect valuable historical and geographical data from the administrative-financial organization of the Holy Shrine and the city of Qom.This research aims to provide a brief description of the role of Mustafians in the administrative organization of Astan. Then read the new scroll about the income and expenses of the holy shrine in the script.method/approach; This research has been prepared using library and documentary sources and descriptive-analytical method.findings and results; The results show that special mustofis of Holy Shrine, like other mustofis, wrote the administrative and financial processes of Astan with precision in various notebooks such as newspaper notebook, Arwarje notebook and scroll. Also, re-reading the newly found petition shows that this petition was prepared to determine the cash and sexual wages of Sadat Razavi's servants.

Education has a special place in the formation of Islamic civilization. From the beginning of their formation, Islamic governments were able to achieve a level of civilization by relying on education and considering the level of attention they paid to this issue. The adaptation and comparison of the role of education in civilization building between the Fatimids of Egypt and the Islamic Revolution of Iran is a subject that has not yet been studied. Previous studies have separately and scatteredly investigated the issue of Islamic civilization and education in the Fatimid government of Egypt and the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Looking at the issue of education in the Fatimid government of Egypt and the approach and performance of this government in dealing with this issue and also considering the statements of Imam Khomeini (may God have mercy on him); The founder of the Islamic Revolution and Imam Khamenei (Madd Zollah Al-Ali); As the standard-bearer and theoretician of the Islamic revolution and the new Islamic civilization, the place of education in civilization building was analyzed. We realized that education is a vital and necessary thing in the formation of Islamic civilization. And to produce thoughts and ideas, special education and training is needed; The findings of this research show that for the creation and flourishing of Islamic civilization, it is necessary for the areas and centers of education to have special attention in the absolute sense, and the most investment should be made in these important matters. May Allah witness the exportation and globalization of Islamic civilization.

Iran's Islamic revolution is the biggest and deepest cultural and intellectual revolution of the present era. Global arrogance started its conspiracies and campaigns against the Islamic Revolution from the first days of the victory of the revolution. In this article, we are trying to describe the ways of fighting that the western world and the arrogant front have been doing against the Islamic Revolution during these forty years and the strategies to deal with it by relying on the verses of the Quran and the statements of the Supreme Leader. Let's explain and examine the leadership (mode of Zaleh al-Ali). The results of this research show that the main methods of the enemy's campaign against the Islamic Revolution were military attacks in the form of coups and imposed war, economic sanctions and soft war in the form of psychological warfare and cultural neutrality. The strategies of the Islamic revolution against these three methods of fighting are: strengthening the spirit of anti-arrogance and preparation and increasing all-round defense power, economic resistance by carrying out its components such as supporting Iranian goods in the three areas of producers, consumers and officials, production boom Avoiding extravagance, strengthening the Iranian Islamic lifestyle by following the example of Imam Hossein's movement, self-improvement and patience and piety.

In Imamiyyah tradition gatherings, there are traditions that prohibit any uprising and movement before the uprising and appearance of Hazrat Mahdi (peace be upon him) and consider the raised flag as a manifestation of tyranny and the government arising from it as illegitimate. The existence of such narrations has caused some people, by adhering to these narrations, to consider any uprising and movement as forbidden and prohibited before the appearance and condemn them. While these kinds of narrations conflict with the general instructions of Islam in encouraging the fight against oppression, enjoining good and forbidding evil, etc.; For this reason, it is necessary to review and analyze this series of traditions. Based on this, in this article, first of all, the traditions that forbade any uprising and revolution in the era of occultism were collected and categorized into three general groups, and finally, they were analyzed with a descriptive and analytical method and with an emphasis on the teachings of Islamic science. have taken; And it has come to the conclusion that on the one hand, most of these hadiths have problems in terms of the chain of transmission and have a so-called weak chain of transmission; And on the other hand, in terms of implication, they either refer to a specific period and refer to special historical conditions, or they refer to the personality of the rebel who raised the flag of struggle with personal motives to achieve his own goals. For this reason, it is never possible to conclude from this group of narrations the prohibition of uprising in general and in an absolute way, and condemn and prohibit any uprising and movement in the age of occultation.

Establishing authority requires effort, empathy, unity and efforts of all sections of the society, especially the top management of the organization. Culture can be considered as the most important component of authority, and to achieve it, one should know the solutions of gaining authority and especially the role of managers in the realization of authority, and the purpose of this article is to point out some ways of its realization. Here, the question arises as to what role managers can play in the realization of authority and how the components in the teachings of religion bring us closer to this goal. The study method in this research is documentary and library study. In this research, by studying written sources and other reliable sources, the obtained information was collected, then analyzed and its results were extracted.