فصلنامه علوم خبری
پیاپی 44 (زمستان 1401)

In this article, the concept of "alternative history" will be introduced, which is notisable concept in the fields of history, literature and futures studies. "Alternative history" is also known as "counterfactual history ", "virtual history", "echronia", etc. and is both a literary-media genre and an "alternative" way of thinking and writing. In the alternative history, by posing the questions "What if...?", it is possible to rethink the past developments. In the field of "futures studies", one of the main goals is to identify alternative futures, and practicing alternative pasts is a suitable method for training in alternative thinking. Conventional futures studies scenarios are different alternatives to get from the present to the future, and in "alternative history" different scenarios are drawn from the past to the present. But how is this subject can be related to the history of the press? One of the appropriate sources for operationalizing this method in the fields of history and futures studies is using the press archive. That part of the press archive, especially newspapers, which is available, is a good source for knowing the path of contemporary historical events. The path of events is documented in the press archive and can be extracted. After extracting the path of the event developments from the past until now, it is possible to draw different hypothetical paths and arrive at "alternative history". In order to properly benefit from the press archive, there are considerations that I will address in this article.

Today, brand has become one of the most important issues in all companies, so that no company can be considered without a brand. This issue has spread to such an extent that, in addition to politicians, some citizens are also trying to create a personal brand for themselves. Various measures can be taken to create a brand, which includes a wide range of advertising in large companies to the creation of content by citizens in social networks. This wide range can create a brand, although today the brand has become a complex and specialized science and has gone beyond a title, so that applying a brand name to a brand is considered as creating a limit for it. In this article, the role of public relations as one of the tools of brand production and promotion has been investigated, and interviews with communication professors and public relations experts from all over the world have been conducted using the grounded theory method. According to the obtained results, it was found that in addition to the main task of selling, the task of producing and promoting and stabilizing the brand is also one of the undeniable tasks of public relations. Therefore, by adopting appropriate strategies to produce, promote and stabilize the brand, public relations are able to develop organizational branding at the level of social networks.

The upcoming research has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of new marketing capabilities on the level of organizational entrepreneurship of information and communication technology start-up companies. The statistical population of the current research consisted of managers and experts working in selected companies active in this field, and based on statistics, the number of these people was 257. Among these, 101 people were selected as members of the statistical sample using Charles Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data collection tool in this research was a questionnaire consisting of 50 questions that used standard questionnaires for each variable and the answers were based on a 5-point Likert scale. In the end, the results of the research showed that the new marketing capabilities in the mentioned companies have a positive and significant effect on the level of organizational entrepreneurship. It should be mentioned that this research is in terms of the purpose of using the type of applied research and in terms of collecting descriptive-survey information and of the type of documentary and field studies.

This research examines the role of non-native and international virtual social networks on interpersonal communication and self-concept of second-year high school students in Isfahan. This study was carried out with a questionnaire and a survey method, in which the students' use of non-native social networks and their interpersonal communication skills and their effects on their self-concept were evaluated. It is studied, evaluated and investigated. The statistical population of this research has nearly 93,000 students, and the number of statistical samples based on Cochran's formula and taking into account the error rate was 385. The statistical samples of this study were selected by random sampling method and evaluated with validity and reliability questionnaires. Finally, the information extracted by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics monitored, fact analysis and with the help of Pearson's correlation test, it was determined: the use of social networks by a statistical sample on interpersonal communication (0.586) and self-concept. Users (0.658) has a role.

The present research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the value factors that influence entrepreneurs in the online space on the intention of users' behavior in online shopping. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of method, it is a little that compares to the statistical population of users who They have paid online at least 3 times a year. The research data has been collected using Cronbach's alpha test questionnaire, which consists of 25 questions, and in the next step, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated, and its value was 1. In the next step, after collecting the data, the next step, which includes analysis And the data analysis has been done in two sections, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, and in the inferential statistics section, after determining the distribution of variables at the target community level, the structural equation model has been done with the help of PLS software. The results show that behavioral attitude, mental norms and behavioral control have a positive effect on users' purchase intention. The purchase intention of users has a direct effect on the behavior of users, and behavioral control has a positive effect on consumer behavior.

This research tries to analyze the news policies and streamlining of the Iran International media, which is a Persian-language media with tendencies against the interests of the Islamic Republic, in the form of news content analysis and by referring to critical theories of the news field, including frameworks and discourse theory.

In this way, the qualitative method is the statistical population of the published news (20 texts and headlines from the website and media of Iran International related to the death of Mahsa Amini and the events after that) in the research period. By examining the discourse of news mining, the results showed: Iran International media has tried to weaken freedom in Iran with headlines such as lack of freedom, pressure, harassment and forced hijab in the death of Mehsa Amini.

Also, in this incident, the Persian-language media of Iran International, by attacking the legal and religious standards of women's covering, depicted it as an imposed and non-optional thing for all women, and the disturbances after the Mehsa Amini incident induced and represented the voice of people's protest against the mandatory hijab. Therefore, the discourse of the media of Iran International, which is the same in all its media, is the central sign of the suspiciousness of Mahsa Amini's death and with other discourse elements such as compulsory hijab, lack of freedom, arrest and torture, violation of human rights, lack of justice, dissatisfaction of the public, articulation and Highlighted.