نشریه رهپویه معماری و شهرسازی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1401)

With the growing population of cities and the emergence of urbanization developments, different solutions have been proposed for the development of cities. the trendOver time, the expansion of urbanization has led to the excessive growth of cities towards the periphery and scattered growth of cities. this doorIt is a fact that parallel to the horizontal growth of the city towards the suburbs and surrounding areas and the destruction of the lands and natural environment around the city, some spaces inside the city have been left behind and are left behind from the development process. These abandoned spaces, which are called intermediate levels in the urban planning literature, are important in that they benefit from facilities, equipment and proper access to the service centers of the cities due to their location inside the cities. The city of Fereydunkanar was chosen due to its location between the two important cities of Babolsar from the east and Sohrrud from the west, having environmental potentials such as access to the Caspian Sea, and the presence of abandoned spaces in the city. In this research, firstly, the theoretical foundations section has been devoted to the extraction of indicators, then it has been compared in the study area of the city of Fereydoun, in such a way that first, for clarity and classification of information, the city has been divided into 4 districts in accordance with the comprehensive plan of the city of Fereydoun-Konar-approved in 2016-2016 and by producing layers According to the indicators and their overlap in the geographic information system (GIS) environment and their analysis with the fuzzy formula and hierarchical analysis, the capacity of the area of the city that has the greatest potential for intermediate development has been shown.The results show that according to the indicators, all 4 districts have the potential of intermediate development and district 4 has the highestThe capacity is related to the inner development of Fereydoun Kanar city.Today, due to the importance of preserving natural resources and reducing the environmental effects of the excessive development of cities, intermediate development as one ofApproaches to urban development have been proposed. As a result, instead of the horizontal expansion of cities, their growth within the existing limits and with the maximumThe use of the facilities of the developed lands located in the city limits has priority, the intermediate development fills the empty spaces in the city, it plays an essential role in using the existing potential, protecting virgin lands and preventing overcrowding (Arvin and Zanganeh Shahraki, 72: 2019) due to the fact that in Iran, worn-out urban tissues have been raised as a basic issue for the planning of urban planners and managers in the last few decades. In this way, the continuation of the existing process will lead to more wear and tear (Sarour, 2:1398).In recent decades, in many developing economies, urban topography or horizontal growth has been the main policy of the physical growth of cities. This growth pattern is one of the main causes of social, economic, environmental and physical problems and imposes huge costs on cities. (Izadi and Amiri, 2015: 35) In Iran, the horizontal expansion of cities due to natural population growth, rural migrations, provision of housing and anticipation of residential needs in urban development plans, has caused the occupation of agricultural lands and gardens around the city, and in this way, to the expansion The physical structure of cities has resulted in peri-urban green lands.In parallel with that, there are wide areas and various types of urban lands and properties in the inner cities in the form of empty or built-up lands, which are considered reserves and main areas of development from within from the point of view of planning and managing the physical growth of cities. In terms of meeting the needs of urban residents in the form of unused land (Sarmi 2012: 310), it is effective in the emergence of problems and the escalation of urban instability. The application of spaces, problematic, abandoned, defenseless, undeveloped, dilapidated and abandoned to such lands and properties mainly expresses the point of view. The negative is the existence of unused spaces or lands that require new and renewed development in the inner cities.In Mianafza development, the most attention is focused on the more effective use of land that has been covered by urban development. Most of the future growth of the population and the need for housing in the region or city can be met by filling the existing fabric of the city, increasing the balanced density, renovating and renovating the abandoned and worn out areas and revitalizing and changing the use of existing old buildings. In addition to wear and tear in the central part of the city, the physical expansion of cities causes an increase in the cost of urban transportation, an increase in the maintenance of infrastructure facilities, and an increase in the per capita cost of providing services per square meter (Norian et al., 2017: 66).

The name is one of the components of the identity of any phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a two-way relationship between the name of each phenomenon and its other components. Also, each name, as a signifier, belongs to a specific meaning and creates a distinct mentality in the human mind. This issue is of special importance in urban spaces. The discrepancy between the signifier and the signified, ie the names of urban spaces and the mentality imagined by them, can lead to an identity crisis to some extent. Naming of urban spaces can be derived from its identity and manifested in its spatial and functional dimensions. This has not been achieved in many contemporary urban spaces or has no effective relationship with the dimensions of spatial and functional identity. Therefore, with the above problem, the purpose of this study is to study the naming indices of urban spaces with emphasis on urban identity. The research method in this article is analytical method and interdisciplinary studies and has been studied on a case-by-case basis in four important fields in Tehran. The results of this study show that the name of urban spaces as an identifying factor can be manifested in the dimensions of spaces and physical, functional and objective and perceptual perspective. Also in naming urban spaces, themes derived from social, cultural, political and natural concepts and contexts are most used in the past and present. In general, the criteria for naming urban spaces reflect the values that govern that community, which are applied by the city administration or informally by the people. In the studied fields, the naming criteria are focused on Iranian-Islamic values, which are associated with Iranian-Islamic concepts and teachings. Among them, only Tehran Revolution Square resembled the name of the square to some extent in terms of events and ceremonies, and the rest of the squares have almost no adaptation. This adaptation can be achieved through physical form, the use of symbols and signs, dominant uses and activities, and rituals and events that reinforce meaning.To strengthen the identity dimensions of place names in the profession and field of urban planning, it is possible to take action at different levels:1) Studying the history, nomenclature and naming philosophy of the desired place: this section should have a key position in urban planning and design. At this stage, ways to implement and strengthen the names of places will be studied and reviewed and practical solutions will be presented.2) Recognizing and investigating patterns that improve the identity roots of geographical names: for example, studying, compiling and optimizing architectural and urban planning patterns; construction pattern; the pattern of houses; the pattern of mosques; road network pattern; pattern of streets and squares; The pattern of inputs for the region, city, neighborhood. By strengthening the feature of being green in the houses through home gardens and the design of the central courtyard, the green feature of the whole city is strengthened. Also, through the use of the Iranian garden model, the characteristic of being green in the city is enhanced.3) Reinforcement of events, memories and events related to commemoration and consolidation of the name: this can be realized in various forms through officials, experts and people. media activities; educational, promotional; Competitions between children, students and residents of neighborhoods and villages with the aim of raising awareness and deepening the identity dimensions of the name; Holding ceremonies and events centered on people and new generations are examples of these solutions.4) Registering and writing geographic names in public and public places and spaces: This work is well accomplished by media registration, writing in public places, official spaces, virtual and international databases.5) Using monuments, signs and symbols to strengthen the name: this can help to create works of art and memorials related to the name with the help of experts and artists through holding a design and idea contest. For example, the memory of a neighborhood, city, region; Remembrance of the Persian Gulf; The memory of a great personality; The commemoration of a national-religious and ritual event, such as the commemoration of the martyrs of Shlamcheh, etc., are examples of this artistic strategy.6) Regional and local museums: These museums can be a good place for research, study, recording and writing and depicting geographic names in various ways. Scales and replicas, paintings, books and pamphlets, documents and tablets, paintings and statues are valuable examples of the research and exhibition works of these museums. In these museums, in addition to familiarization and activities of new generations (children, students), it will be a place for research by domestic and foreign tourists and enthusiasts.

The physical shape of the city has created a heterogeneous structure in the neighborhoods due to the rapid growth of the city. Establishing physical-spatial balance not only has a significant impact on the appearance of the city, but also has a direct impact on the most important mental and psychological components of the citizens and reveals a part of the historical-social identity of the residents. With a comprehensive understanding of the urban form, an effective step can be taken in developing new urban plans and plans. Therefore, in this research, the aim is to introduce the morphology of Selsbeil neighborhood, which has become a strong point of gravity and high traffic in the context of being located in the 10th district of Tehran. Among the problems of this range are the high density and compression of the texture, the high level of occupancy in the parts of this range and the low readability of the texture, which, taking into account all the problems identified according to the form-morphological analysis, plans and solutions for the studied range Provided. The research method in the present research is mixed and includes quantitative and qualitative methods, the qualitative method is based on text content analysis technique and the quantitative method is based on Spacemate and Agraph technique. After measuring the indicators in the studied area, this area was divided into three parts, western, central, and eastern, and solutions were provided for each part and the entire area.The physical shape of the city has created a heterogeneous structure in the neighborhoods due to the rapid growth of the city. Establishing physical-spatial balance not only has a significant impact on the appearance of the city, but also has a direct impact on the most important mental and psychological components of the citizens and reveals a part of the historical-social identity of the residents. With a comprehensive understanding of the urban form, an effective step can be taken in developing new urban plans and plans. Therefore, in this research, the aim is to introduce the morphology of Selsbeil neighborhood, which has become a strong point of gravity and high traffic in the context of being located in the 10th district of Tehran. Among the problems of this range are the high density and compression of the texture, the high level of occupancy in the parts of this range and the low readability of the texture, which, taking into account all the problems identified according to the form-morphological analysis, plans and solutions for the studied range Provided. The research method in the present research is mixed and includes quantitative and qualitative methods, the qualitative method is based on text content analysis technique and the quantitative method is based on Spacemate and Agraph technique. After measuring the indicators in the studied area, this area was divided into three parts, western, central, and eastern, and solutions were provided for each part and the entire area.The physical shape of the city has created a heterogeneous structure in the neighborhoods due to the rapid growth of the city. Establishing physical-spatial balance not only has a significant impact on the appearance of the city, but also has a direct impact on the most important mental and psychological components of the citizens and reveals a part of the historical-social identity of the residents. With a comprehensive understanding of the urban form, an effective step can be taken in developing new urban plans and plans. Therefore, in this research, the aim is to introduce the morphology of Selsbeil neighborhood, which has become a strong point of gravity and high traffic in the context of being located in the 10th district of Tehran. Among the problems of this range are the high density and compression of the texture, the high level of occupancy in the parts of this range and the low readability of the texture, which, taking into account all the problems identified according to the form-morphological analysis, plans and solutions for the studied range Provided. The research method in the present research is mixed and includes quantitative and qualitative methods, the qualitative method is based on text content analysis technique and the quantitative method is based on Spacemate and Agraph technique. After measuring the indicators in the studied area, this area was divided into three parts, western, central, and eastern, and solutions were provided for each part and the entire area.

As the rampant pandemic unfolded and spread around rapidly, it institutionalized new obligations and reactions, one of which involved setting up online educational platforms. While the whole world is indeed experiencing new conditions, it has arguably, brought about new opportunities for revisiting the business-as-usual most fields including urban design have encountered. “Practice makes perfect” sounds like a familiar mantra in urban design problem-solving workshops, where students typically work in teams, get feedback throughout their desk crits, revise and resubmit projects in multiple iterations. Translating this premise in an urban design workshop boils down to spending hours in the field making key observations on the land use configuration and diversity, street network make-up, existing building conditions, and distribution of open/green space. These key layers, then, give some food for thought to any designer who attempts to craft solutions based on areas that need redevelopment or redesign (i.e., tearing down dilapidated or run-down buildings or retrofits), and then coming up with new design for areas slated for construction or requiring retrofit.The urban design pedagogy and studio literature underlines the gap between theory and practice. Epistemological and ontological concerns surrounding the discipline further complicate matters. To narrow this gap, this paper focuses on a recent workshop taught online at the Jundishapur University of Technology. While the COVID-19 pandemic imposed certain restrictions, the outcomes seem promising. Theorizing the five episodes of urban discovery (walking, observing, encountering, perceiving and interpreting), enabled nine urban design graduate students to engage in an integrative rather than a synoptic learning experience. This approach not only boosted the students’ self-discovery and confidence in observing, analyzing and designing their projects (plan evaluation, plan making), but also helped them to learn from peers rather than rehashing their instructors’ pedagogical intentions.As it eventually turned out, the students unanimously confirmed that those five episodes significantly affected their preconceived notions of observation, and analysis as precursors of creating urban design alternatives. For example, they alluded to the fact that they customarily observed land use make-up, building conditions, construction materials, development density, etc., in any given site. This mainstream modus operandi of practicing urban design has deep roots in the canons of the profession, ensuring that students can put together masterplans that translate the local needs into certain land use types, or quantify density, per capita and so forth.One of the key takeaways in using an integrative learning, as opposed to synoptic strategies focuses on motivating students in a dynamic atmosphere of learning by doing, “storytelling” (Sandercock, 2003), and reflection (Schön, 1983). In this particular study, the students spent a lot more time than expected doing fieldwork, observing and analyzing. The students, unanimously and enthusiastically, stated that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, they willingly spent exorbitant amounts of time (in some cases five to six hours a day), during the week to observing and engaging with the five episodes of urban discovery. Even the female students who might face cultural limitations acknowledged their extensive fieldwork. Despite some expected cultural limitations, especially during the rampant pandemic, spent equal if not more time compare to male students in the field. Compared to men, women face more difficulties spending time in the public realm, take notes and photos—especially in cities or urban districts where men dominate women in the first place. But against these actual limitations, women willingly spent time even during the afternoon and evening hours to complete their fieldwork or reflect by, at times, following their own instincts. Some of them stated with details how or whether they noticed any significant differences observing community engagement in the public space. With all upsides and downside, the students’ enthusiasm and passion promise future utility in using and incorporating these five episodes into urban design thinking and studio teaching. Surprisingly, instead of receiving pushbacks from the students, the instructors received positive feedback about incorporating theoretical debates in future studio/workshops. Contrary to expected attitudes typically observed in studio courses hoping to start the design stage as quickly as possible, the students in this workshop behaved surprisingly differently, and not only did not shy away from exposure to theories, but indeed, insisted on its undeniable benefits in boosting their design outcomes. Feedbacks like these reassure scholars wanting to recognize and reduce the theory vs. practice gap facing urban design both as a profession and an academic discipline.

Butterfly disease is the result of genetic mutation and mostly family marriages that have thin skin and deep wounds, which has affected their daily life. This disease requires special spaces due to skin care. In the conducted research, it has been shown that by keeping the ambient temperature cool, it is possible to help reduce pain inflammation, unfortunately, there is no such space for these patients that suits their mental and physical needs. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors influencing the design of residential treatment centers for children with disabilities and the role of the context-oriented approach in the design of residential treatment centers. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors influencing the design of residential treatment centers for children with disabilities and the role of the context-oriented approach in the design of residential treatment centers. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was used to investigate the effective components, and then a quantitative method and a questionnaire tool were used. Determining the sample size, 274 questionnaires have been provided to the patients. Effective components were analyzed using SPSS software. In this article, factors such as historical, cultural, physical, and climate have been examined, and the most effective components are physical and climatic factors. According to the conducted researches, the current research indicates that children are very interested in the design of the space in which they are located, and paying attention to physical, climatic, historical and cultural factors leads to the child's interaction with the therapeutic residential space and reducing pain inflammation. Epidermolysis (butterfly disease) is a group of rare genetic skin diseases that affects one out of every 20,000 live births. skin from two layers; which is called the outer layer of the epidermis and the inner layer of the dermis. Normally, there are protein molds made of collagen between the two layers, which prevents them from moving independently of each other. In people with EB, this double laayer lacks protein material, and any action that causes friction (such as rubbing or pressure) on the skin causes blisters and painful wounds. Contextualism is a method that deals with site interaction, Webster's architecture. Symptoms of Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB)This disease is divided into the following three categories:1- Simple or (simplex) 2-severe (dystrophic) 3-JunctionalIn fact, each of these categories are divided into different types and different symptoms may be seen in them.The general symptoms of this disease are usually seen as follows.1- Hoarseness and breathing problems such as snoring and persistent coughing 2- Blisters are seen on the face, especially around the nose and eyes 3- Food sensitivities 4- The appearance of milia on the skin, which are small white spots. 5-There are problems in swallowing because the blisters around the mouth and throat become annoying. 6- The skin blisters after a change in temperature or minor damage.7- Oral and dental problems such as tooth decay8- Changing the appearance of nails or losing themContext-oriented architects are trying to find the positive points of each site and use them in their design. Contextualism is a type of architecture that responds to the specific conditions of its environment. In fact, the general context is integrated, which means the parts of the different components of the building. In this type of architecture, one must first know the environment accurately and find a suitable answer for a better combination of the building with the context. Among the principles that should be paid attention to in designing with a contextual approach are: economic, historical, cultural, social characteristics and the people who use the building. Urban features: passages, squares, streets, shops, climatic conditions: forest, cold, heat, desert, the way of life of building residents, their needs, their habits, how they use them in relation to the environmental forms of life. Context-oriented architecture emphasizes the necessity of paying attention to the environment surrounding the architectural work and believes that the balance between architecture and the environment can be an effective and strengthening factor for both the work itself and the context. Contextualism is a model for creating a more desirable environment, therefore, more knowledge and deeper understanding of context and environment is necessary and inevitable for architects and designers. Context-oriented architecture is an attempt to show the power of the desired visual environment on a larger scale than architecture. The message of context-oriented architecture is the need to pay attention to the physical environment surrounding the architectural work.

The reduction of fossil energy sources, the harmful environmental effects caused by high energy consumption and the increase in the share of energy consumption in the building sector have increased the need to pay attention to the energy consumption of buildings in the country. Compilation of building energy consumption criteria in the country is one of the important measures in this direction. One of the effective methods is to use a computer simulation program of energy consumption in the design of buildings. This function leads to human comfort as well as optimization for the environment and climate. This research aims to pay attention to the equipment and the proposed design ideas such as special thermal masses such as kinetics in external walls and to reach lower values compared to the global energy amount and to achieve this from a case example of an office building designed in the city. Tehran (District 22) has paid. To analyze the shell and the factors involved in it, based on global standards in which new energies are used, as well as new tools and equipment are used in the external wall, and all the outputs are from View software (with EnergyPlus engine) and The Green website. It is Building Studio. Finally, the amount of energy consumed in the shell designed in the sample building (office building) was calculated in different areas of orientation, efficiency, cost reduction, penetration rate, etc. and the best percentage of cost reduction in the building and its materials was observed. Considering the compatibility of the shell with the environment and also guiding the building towards stability, this example is very valuable for guiding engineers and designers in the matter of optimization.The rapid growth of energy consumption, the reduction of resources and its side effects, such as the warming of the earth's air and the increase of greenhouse gases, have caused the issue of energy consumption to become the focus of various human societies. Of course, in building development, paying attention to the cost of improvement and possible effects of improvement is considered one of the necessities and these things are measured by energy consumption (N. Chanpichaigosol. et al, 2022: 2). Based on this, almost more than half of the world's people currently live in cities, and the cooling and lighting of buildings is a major part of energy consumption, about 40% of them (Energy Information Department, 2010). Therefore, the construction of low-energy buildings is one of the most important ways to reduce energy consumption in buildings. Including the architectural design that has a direct impact on the primary energy consumption and the costs of the building life cycle, of course, with the help of intelligent design, this can reduce the energy consumption of the building and related costs, and the most important effective tools in this field , software simulation and analysis and evaluation of building energy consumption in different parts of the design .Nowadays, with the increase of activity in administrative and commercial areas, working people spend most of their time in companies and offices. Based on this, the problem of proper design of these buildings, which are increasing and besides, do not have a specific approach in the field of energy consumption, is the main subject of this research. Therefore, since it is important to deal with new energies in addition to paying attention to fossil fuels all over the world, especially Iran; The purpose of this research is to design a building shell with the approach of optimizing energy consumption, which has been tried to be considered an effective environmental design in the field of energy. Based on this, in this article, by using the experiences of the predecessors, the subject literature and the analysis of case examples, the green building studio simulation plugin in Revit with the help of the EnergyPlus engine is used, and the results obtained help the designers to make the right decision for the design and also Investigate, analyze, and use them in their designs in ways to reduce the cost of energy consumption in the building.Optimum architecture is one of the postmodern and modern styles that seeks solutions to reduce the harmful and unpleasant effects of buildings on the environment and also to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. The need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels in every sector is one of the requirements, and in the field of architecture, with the help of efficient architecture, this can be achieved to a very significant extent. To achieve this kind of architecture, it is necessary to pay attention to the building from the beginning to the end of its operation.