نشریه دستاوردهای نوین در حقوق عمومی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1402)

The phenomenon of "peace blood" is one of the methods of peace and compromise and one of the important solutions in order to reduce crime and maintain unity and cohesion among ethnic groups. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the fields of realizing the blood culture of peace in human interactions in the direction of peace and reconciliation between ethnic groups and crime reduction. The approach of interpretative-constructive research and its qualitative method is based on data theory as the foundation for data analysis. Sampling is available and among people with master's degree and above in a theoretical way due to data saturation. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 elites of Kermanshah province. The findings of the research included 340 primary concepts, 67 sub-themes and 18 main themes, the core category of which is "realization of the blood culture of peace" according to causal conditions (4 themes), contextual conditions (5 themes), intervening conditions (4 theme), strategies (4 themes), consequences (2 themes) were created and the final model of the research was presented.

The implementation of a justice system founded on unequivocal culpability is likely to yield no outcome other than recidivism. As such, the present study endeavors to redefine the mechanisms that are capable of deterring criminal recidivism within a specific geographical area, while simultaneously enhancing the process of criminal reintegration. This is achieved by mitigating the detrimental effects of punitive measures, such as incarceration. The foundation of the study is established on a fundamental inquiry, which, through a comparative methodology, endeavors to elucidate the means by which non-criminal mechanisms of rehabilitation may be comprehended in offenders. The research question posits the objective of elucidating the scope of containment ideology through a correlation between social theory and crime prevention, through an examination of analogous facets in the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitutional principles, the Quran, and interpretive resources. The present study is grounded in the examination of cognitive theory, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, and utilizing content analysis as a means of data collection. The research's findings describe that the rehabilitation of offenders and its progression follows a gradual and incremental process that by strengthening non-criminal self-restraint measures, it can logically and practically provide appropriate opportunities for crime management and prevention to society.

With the advent of new technologies, criminal phenomenon has been widespread and complicated. Today, the creation of virtual world which is a product of worldwide internet, has led to widening and transformation of social and cultural environment. New circumstances require new vision and perspective and if the science of criminology wants to deal correctly with the new circumstances, it has to take new approaches. The new state of affairs has important and different consequences for juveniles and teenagers who are psychologically and emotionally vulnerable .This article using descriptive-analytical method, tries to study the conditions in which values may fall and criminal behaviors may become normal in virtual world. The consequences of the absence of regulation, the appearance of conflicting virtual subcultures which may lead to cultural gaps, conflicts, induction of poverty and competitions in virtual world and finally special capabilities of the internet environment and its effects on juvenile and teenagers are among other topics that are discussed in this article.The purpose of this study is examining and explaining the virtual networks as a role model for juvenile and teenagers who do illegal and dishonest behaviours as well as giving appropriate methods to counter these behaviours.Our results show that the most important method for countering the negative effects of virtual world is social prevention, especially in the form of a society-oriented approach

The right to transfer the place is one of the facilities of the law taxes and the tax on the transfer of the "right to transfer the place" is one of the most important tax sources. According to the Tax Law: " the assignment of a place is the right to acquire or profession or the right to occupy the place or the rights arising from the commercial position of the place." The tax system considered the transfer of premises for commercial, administrative and industrial use to be subject to this type of tax, but the Court of Administrative Justice, in violation of this approach, included the said tax only in commercial use. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, the question has been answered whether places with non-commercial uses are also subject to tax on this resource or not? According to the definition of the right to transfer the place in the tax law and with reference to Article (2) of the Commercial Law and the Law of Landlord-Tenant Relations approved in 1977 and the principle of tax justice, the research achievement is that Due to the good reputation of the business and the commercial position of the place, it may also include places with industrial and office use. In addition, the scope of this right is wider than the right of business or profession or trade.

 Testimony as a proof of a lawsuit is a common feature of the jurisprudence and law systems of Iran and Egypt. And through the comparative understanding of its jurisprudential, legal and penal works in the Imami jurisprudence systems and the laws of Iran and Egypt and introducing the weaknesses and strengths of each of them, this important goal was achieved.The findings of the present research, which was conducted in a comparative manner for the first time and in a descriptive-analytical method, show that forced martyrdom in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and Iranian and Egyptian law has common effects, which can be used to determine the order of effect before issuing a verdict. It and the punishment of a witness by force and for after the issuance of the verdict, violation of the verdict, compensation for damages, resumption of proceedings and the punishments corresponding to the crime resulting from the witnessing by force, which in Iranian jurisprudence and law are ta'zir, hudud, retribution and diat, and in Egyptian law, the punishments are proportional to It concluded misdemeanor crimes. Another comparative finding of this research is the special attention of Imami jurisprudence to the punishment of defamation as well as dealing with family law issues such as divorce and marriage, which are considered to be one of the strengths of this legal system, and the absence of these positive works in the laws of Iran and Egypt is one of the shortcomings and weaknesses. The two mentioned systems have been concluded.

The purpose of this research is to familiarize with the human rights documents of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the absence of the presence of the Islamic Court of Justice in the supervisory part of the implementation of human rights decisions of these documents. Prejudice and ignorance towards the rules of Islam, the rules of Islamic law and the history of Islam, until recently, led Western writers to the conclusion that respect for the human person is a product of Western thinking. But Islam, like other religions, has its share in this respect for man and defense of his rights. On the other hand, international governmental and international non-governmental organizations have also participated in the promotion of human rights. Among the recent organizations is the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). The Organization of the Islamic Conference, as the second international intergovernmental organization after the United Nations, with 57 member countries in four continents of the world, relying on Islamic identity and civilization, is a political-religious force that cannot be ignored in the international scene, which can play a role today. to play a significant role in consolidating international peace and security, and this importance has been brought to the fore with the establishment of the Islamic Court of Justice. The global peace and security that the OIC Charter seeks to consolidate is based on "justice". This justice is first of all in the principles and orders of Islam. In this research, which is descriptive and analytical, by examining