نشریه مطالعات زبان و گویش های غرب ایران
سال یازدهم شماره 42 (پاییز 1402)

Based on the phasal approach of Croft (2012), the present research has analyzed state and activity aspects in Kalhori. According to Croft's (2012) classification of aspect types, there are four types of transitory state, inherent permanent state, acquired permanent state, and point state in Kalhori language. Activity aspects are divided into two types of direct and undirect aspects. The results showed that the common feature of the four state aspects in Kalhori is that their profiled phase is punctual in the qualitative dimension, and the aspects differentiate in the expansion and extent of their profiled phase in the time dimension. The profiled phases of the activities are expanded in both time and quality dimensions, in this sense, they are different from state apects. In addition, the phasal analysis determined the difference between direct and indirect activity aspects in such a way that in the direct activity aspect there is a continuous change along the quality dimension, but such a situation in the indirect activity aspect is not observed. Finally, it is concluded that phasal analysis can provide an appropriate explanation of the differences and characteristics of lexical aspects, especially two types of state and activity aspects in Kalhori Kurdish.

Locative prepositions are one of the most important and widely used prepositional words of any language, which play an important role in representing human mental concepts in language. Basically, locative prepositions are one of the first prepositions that children produce in the process of learning their first language, and this is one of the most important reasons for the need to examine these letters cognitively. The aim of the present research is to investigate the polysemy of the locative preposition "between" in Persian language. To explain this polysemy, the principles of the school of cognitive linguistics and two theories of Principled Polysemy Tyler and Evans( 2001) and Image Schemas Johnson (1987) have been used. The research data were collected from the second edition of Hamshahri corpus and two dictionaries of Dehkhoda (1998) and Moien (2007). The results of the research show that the semantic network of the preposition "between" has one prototype spatial and four radial meanings. The prototype meaning of this preposition indicates the space between two things, and other meanings are placed radially around it and are expanded from it.

In Farsi, the clitic pronouns are often added to the stem as the last element, but in some structures, they can be immediately attached to their hosts. The ability to describe this dual behavior can be used as a criterion to check the effectiveness of different approaches. This research aims to find out if Distributed Morphology and its post-syntactic mechanism are needed to determine the position of different morphemes at the level of the word? Or it can be explained using lexicalist hypothesis? For this purpose, after introducing the theoretical background and previous researches, we analyze data from Farsi; the analyses shows that the assumptions of lexicalists cannot explain why the clitic pronoun (shon) has two positions in (xodeshoniha) and (xodihashon), but this phenomenon is not allowed in other structures. On the other hand, by analyzing the data in the framework of Distributed Morphology, it was found that only with the existence of post-syntactic operations such as local dislocation and considering the content feature of clitics and stems the dual behavior of the clitic pronouns can be explained.

All over the world, translated books make up a significant part of children’s literature. Therefore, studying the linguistic structure and features of these books, and also the factors based on which children, their parents, and Children’s Books Council approve of a book, is essential. One of the most crucial linguistic aspects of children’s books translation is choosing the appropriate set of vocabulary since the translator is supposed to select proper equivalents from kids’ limited vocabulary to facilitate conveying the content and hence, their comprehension of the book. The current research is mainly concerned with how different these word choice methods are through the framework of natural morphology theory as well as how successfully translators have managed to select the proper set of vocabulary using this theory. concerning the aim, this is applied research involving mixed methods. The data were extracted from PLDB. The inferential statistics findings indicated that the principles of natural morphology (iconicity, transparency, binarity, and word length), no significant difference was observed between the words in authored versus translated books, Although, based on descriptive statistics, authored books have a more natural rate in the parameters of iconicity and word length. Thus the results indicate that overall, the translators & authors of children’s books have successfully managed to select the right set of vocabulary.

Persian is a Pro-Drop language and allows omission of subjective pronouns. In the present research the use of such pronouns in spoken and written varieties of standard Persian is compared to each other. The data of spoken Persian is gathered from HamBam Corpus of Contemporary Spoken Persian, interviews of oral history projects (Harvard and Artebox), and the talks of Iranian parliament (Majlis). The data for the written variety is gathered from the Persian Syntactic Dependency Treebank. Using corpus-based methods, the study showed that there is no prominent difference in using pronouns in the two varieties. It also indicated that more than half of the pronouns in the spoken Persian emerged as subject; whereas it is no more than one third in the written variety. This means that while talking, the speaker uses subjective pronouns mostly to underscore the subject. The results of this research might be useful for Persian word order studies, those of teaching Persian to non-Persians, and exploring discourse elements of spoken Persian.

The approach of social semiotics is one of the prominent sub-branches in the science of semiotics, which reveals the meanings hidden in them by explaining the signs. This approach is based on the three domains of identity codes, signs of social etiquette and the nature of social signs. Since the obituary is a historical and realistic narrative, it has a lot of capacity to examine semiotics, especially with a social approach. The purpose of this research is to introduce an original and little-known Muqtali, in which valuable information can be obtained from the context of the Umayyad society by analyzing codes and social signs. This article tries to identify the semiotics of one of the original murders in the west of Iran in a descriptive-analytical way, and for this purpose, it has used the social semiotics approach of Pierre Giruo. This book is called Siral-Asrar Fi Misibeh Abi al-Imam al-Athar (AS) from the famous Ashura historiography and the work of Ayatollah Jalili Kermanshahi. The findings show that the author revealed the political, economic, social and cultural issues of the Umayyad period and the Ashura event using social symbols and codes, and at the same time expressed her views and ideologies. These signs depict the beliefs, ignorance of the people of the society, poverty of thought, rule of terror, hypocrisy and hypocrisy, violence and oppression, corruption of rulers and governors, etc. in the Umayyad society