فصلنامه شهر پایدار
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار 1402)

Collecting, managing and analyzing the required data is a basic precondition in the field of macro and integrated urban management. Today, this operation is feasible in the form of SDI, the evaluation and identification of its implementation platforms is one of its key issues. The purpose of this study is to identify the limiting factors for the creation and establishment of urban spatial information infrastructure in Ahvaz, based on the basic fuzzy model of the readiness index. The research data was collected in a survey and then analyzed in a spatial information infrastructure readiness model. Therefore, Ahwaz urban spatial information infrastructure has been evaluated in five organizational factors, human resources, information, technology and finance, and in the form of 16 decision criteria. In the first step of the research, the required data were extracted from questionnaires completed by experts and specialists familiar with SDI and GIS, from government centers and the private sector in Ahvaz. In the next step and after data collection, the values of general indicators and five factors were calculated based on the model used in the research. The general findings of the study showed that the readiness index of Ahwaz urban spatial information infrastructure is equal to 0.47. Evaluation of the studied factors of the model showed that the organizational factor is the most important limiting factor in the development of SDI infrastructure in Ahvaz and among the criteria, the highest and lowest scores have access to location-based software and individual leadership, respectively. In total, according to the results of this study, 44% of the 16 decision-making criteria (including 7 criteria) were below the average (50%), which acted as the main limiting factor in the development of Ahwaz urban location information infrastructure. Also, based on the results of this study, it seems that in the development of urban SDI in Ahvaz, non-technical factors can be more effective as a limiting factor than technical issues.

The urban landscape is the surface of contact between a man and the phenomenon of the city, and therefore a significant part of the knowledge and environmental emotions of the citizens is formed under its influence. One of the things that has a significant impact on the sustainability of the urban landscape is culture. In addition to the components of the public arena and the cultural body, urban culture emphasizes the component of performance (social and cultural interactions and the relationship between the individual and the space) and the component of meaning (the prevailing atmosphere in the sense of the dominant values and concepts hidden in the cultural space of the city). Therefore, this research aims to measure the relationship and influence of cultural indicators on the urban landscape of Urmia. The current research is of applied type and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population cited in this research includes experts who were selected with the guidance of professors and the scope of the research topic and includes more than 35 people, all of them available in the field of research. The statistical population of citizens based on the population and housing census of 1395 of Urmia city, which is equivalent to 750,805 people, which is calculated by Cochran's method, is 384 people, which is distributed according to the population of all 5 regions. Then the resulting data were analyzed through SPSS software. The results showed that cultural indicators have different effects on Urmia's urban landscape. Using the multivariate regression method and according to the weighted average of each of the cultural hands; In general, it can be said that regions 4, 1, 5, 2 and 3 have the most significant impact on the urban landscape of Urmia with the numerical values of "2.86 - 2.73 - 2.47 - 2.32 and 2.29". Have had. In general, it can be acknowledged that cultural, historical, economic and religious indicators have had the most significant impact on the urban landscape of Urmia

Health socialization and the practical adherence of citizens to the norms and values of the collective health system is one of the most important types of socialization, which is more important and necessary to pay attention to, especially in times of collective challenges and crises, such as the recent conditions that have emerged in the world due to the spread of the Coronavirus. Finds. For this reason, the current research, with a practical goal, positivist paradigm and a quantitative approach, seeks to measure the health behaviour and socialization of citizens during the Corona epidemic and identify the factors affecting it. In this regard, the literature and the theoretical framework of the research have been compiled using library studies and based on the integration of the KAP model with the theories of Keyes, Bourdieu and Schwarzer. Data collection has also been done through a survey method (using a questionnaire). While confirming the validity and reliability of the tool, the sample size was determined cross-sectionally and online with the help of Cochran's formula and the sampling process in the statistical population (residents of Tehran and Karaj cities). Finally, the sufficiency of the number of high-quality samples (667 samples) was confirmed using KMO statistics and the data analysis was done in a statistical manner (including descriptive and inferential analyses with the help of chi-square and Spearman coefficients and multivariable linear regression model in the SPSSv26 software environment) and the inference mechanism was realized. Is. Descriptive findings show a higher than average level of adherence of citizens (average 3.86) to complying with health and care recommendations considered in public spaces, and according to inferential findings, the level of health socialization of citizens directly depends on the state of awareness (the level of risk perception and its consequences) and Their attitude (perceived self-efficacy level and level of acceptance, cohesion, solidarity and social participation) is affected.

The territory of Iran and its urban spaces in particular has found its current shape and order in the interactions of political-economic forces. Therefore, any fundamental analysis of this space requires a detailed knowledge of the actors (or in other words, the actors and their political and economic relations) and the interactions between them. Such an approach has been the main goal of the current research in the example of Qazvin city, as an example of the historical and industrial cities of the country. The research method used in terms of the type of qualitative analysis and according to the purpose of the research was fundamental. The grounded theory method is used as the main foundation of the research with an in-depth interview tool in the form of an open questionnaire according to the opinion of experts. It should be noted that the sample size was selected using the cluster technique 30 people were selected and the analytical software of the research was MAXQDA. The findings of the research identified the factors of the destruction of traditional Qazvin gardens as a concrete manifestation of the action of various power actors in the city of Qazvin, and based on this, the expansion of the ring road was identified as the means of this destruction, which was realized in the coordination of interested and competent institutions as well as non-native capitalism in general. Also, the results of the research indicate that the rentier economy, the absence of the tax system, the Islamic inheritance law, quantification as a tool for measuring the performance of management, along the absence of free media, etc. They provide a public good.

Considering the growth of diseases, the rising course of pollution and anomalies related to urbanization, medical services are among the most important services that managers and urban planners should consider according to the needs and population of cities. Based on this, this research measures the spatial inequality in the distribution of medical services in the neighbourhoods of Isfahan City. The purpose of the research is applied and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. A library method was used to collect the necessary data and information. Nearest neighbourhood analysis functions, local Moran's index, global Moran's index and hot spot analysis to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of medical services, fuzzy membership method to check the usefulness of the functional radius of these services and Moran's bivariate index in the Geo Da software environment, to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of the population variable In connection with the distribution and area of medical services at the level of neighbourhoods of Isfahan city, they were used. The findings of the research show that the distribution pattern of medical services is clustered. It also shows the severe lack of medical services in the neighbourhoods around the city. The evaluation of the impact of the spatial distribution pattern of these services on the desirability of the functional radius indicates the desirability of the operating radius of the central areas and the unfavourable of the peri-urban areas. Measuring the relationship between the distribution of medical services and the population size of the neighbourhoods also confirms the very weak relationship between these two variables. It shows the lack of attention to the population factor and the needs of citizens in terms of the distribution of medical services. As a result, there is a severe spatial inequality in the distribution of medical services at the level of the regions and neighbourhoods of Isfahan City.

From the point of view of spatial justice, having access to health care services refers to a situation where the gap and difference between different strata and groups of society does not reach such a level that inequalities continue in society. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and a descriptive-analytical study in terms of its nature. The library-document method was used to collect the data, and the path analysis method was used to analyze the data. In addition, kernel density estimation was used to determine the density and the directional distribution method and the nearest neighbour was also used to determine the distribution and pattern analysis of health centres in Arak City. The findings show that the distribution of hospitals was mostly in the 2nd district of the municipality, i.e. the city centre, and there are no hospitals in some areas, including the 3rd and 5th districts. The state of the health centre and health centres is also concentrated in the central part of the city. On the other hand, the situation of distribution of the emergency base in the city is optimally distributed. In total, more than 70% of the city has access to the city's health centres. In other words, nearly 75 square kilometres of the city are covered by at least one health centre. It is noteworthy that the centre and north of Arak City are completely covered by medical centres. On the other hand, the southeastern part of the city, i.e. District 1 of Arak City, has no access to healthcare services. Also, the results showed that structural requirements in the urban scale continue to focus on a few points and create savings due to accumulation and scale, and as a result, the city develops in such a way that the desire and preference for spatial injustice is evident in it. The urban system at the local scale will not reach a sustainable equilibrium until the contexts, processes and centralizing mechanisms are not modified

With the growth and development of urbanization, the connection of city dwellers with nature has decreased. Therefore, public parks have become very important in cities. The current research will seek to determine the spatial justice index of parks in Tehran's 1st district by using modelling, GIS analysis functions, and the pair weighting method. This research, explains the 4 main indicators of the justice of the spatial distribution of parks, including the share of the park population from the area of influence, the efficiency of the parks, the elasticity of the population of blocks in the area of influence, and also using the research method of information modelling, it is found that the spatial distribution of parks is based on the hierarchical division in Zone 1 of Tehran is random and has 3 modes: 1- Spatial distribution of neighbourhood and neighbourhood parks with a small distance from each other 2- Spatial distribution of regional and district parks in a single neighbourhood 3- A combination of the spatial distribution of regional and district parks near neighbourhood and neighbourhood parks. In the analyses performed, the first and third modes of justice index of the spatial distribution of parks show a higher numerical value. Meanwhile, the third mode shows a lower numerical value due to the concentration of a regional or district park in a neighbourhood. Based on this, to investigate the level of distribution inequality at the neighbourhood level, it was found that the distribution of a park at the regional and district level alone has caused inequality at the neighbourhood level, including Gulab Dareh neighbourhood, Niavaran. Also, using the Gini coefficient, we find that places like Gulab Dareh, Niavaran, Hazar Seng, Dezashib, Hekmat, etc. have the highest level of inequality in the spatial distribution of parks in their level