نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 37 (تابستان 1402)

Contrary to the belief of some historical researchers, who believe that after Shah Abbas II and during the reign of Shah Suleiman Safavid, the Safavid dynasty was on the decline in every respect, especially in terms of military and policing. It seems that in the case of a more detailed study of the sources, a different result can be reached to some extent. During the period of Shah Suleiman, Iran witnessed significant changes in various fields such as economy, foreign policy, administrative system and military and law enforcement organization. Although this development was due to the merit and cooperation of Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh, the famous Safavid Grand Vizier, who was also considered a military commander; But undoubtedly, the merit and competence of Shah Suleiman should not be ignored. During the era of Shah Suleiman Safavid, did the continuation of the policy of Shah Abbas I in the field of creating a stable and conscripted army lead to the strengthening of Iran's military and policing, and did this process increase security on the borders and inside Iran? The findings of the research indicate that: the number of conscripted troops in the period of Shah Suleiman reached the maximum possible in the Safavid period. Artillery was revived and the production of all kinds of firearms grew significantly. The number of gunners and gunners increased and the continuous training of slaves for military affairs in the center continued with greater strength. This army, which was strengthened through training and equipping with firearms, not only prevented the Russians or the Ottomans from attacking Iran, but also repelled the rebellion of all tribes such as the Baluchs, Turkmens and Kurds in different parts of Iran.

The importance of the Persian Gulf Navy in the regional military and security arrangements of the Pahlavi period  Abstract:With the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty, the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea found a special place in Iran's domestic and international politics. This strategic water area had a strategic effect on the realization of Iran's political, economic and especially short-term and long-term military arrangements. With the promotion of the position of this region, the need for Iran to acquire a powerful navy became necessary. From the 1940s/1960s, in a gradual process, Iran had one of the most powerful military fleets in the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. This force was considered to be an effective tool for implementing Iran's new security and defense policies in the Persian Gulf region and the Oman Sea.- Purpose The author tries to answer the following question by relying on first-hand sources:What role has the Iranian Navy played in the practical implementation of Iran's defense and security arrangements in the Persian Gulf region?- Method and approach: the descriptive-analytical research method is based on the study of books, documents of numerous internal archives and various publications of Iran in the mentioned period.

Although Iran declared neutrality in World War II; But following the expansion of the war in the eastern fronts, Iran's neutrality was violated and this country was occupied by the Allies. Regarding the incident of Shahrivar 1320 and the foreign policy of Iran and its allies, many documents and research works have been published; However, it is necessary to investigate the unknown and obscure aspects of this important event. Considering such a vacuum, the purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the hidden angles of Iran's military policy against the occupation policy of the Allies in World War II. According to such a goal, the question that is raised is whether the Iranian government followed a specific military policy beyond its official policy against the occupation of Iran by the allies? What were the components of this policy and how successful was it? The findings of the research show that the government of Iran, in parallel with the abandonment of hostilities and the policy of military surrender imposed by the military superiority of the Allies on Iran, had also adopted a minimal military policy, the purpose of which was to preserve the structure of the army and the military achievements of the Reza Shah period in order to preserve Internal order and security and dealing with threats from foreign enemies and threats from neighbors; Because in case of resistance, the Allies would fear disbanding the army. The research method in this article is the post-objective method.

The history of missile attacks on Iran's metropolises during the sacred defense period was carried out by Iraq using long-range missiles, and due to the damage caused, the necessity of defensive and innovative measures was felt to reduce the effects of this action. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the Iraqi long-range ground-to-ground missile attacks on the country's cities during the sacred defense period, emphasizing the role of the innovative defense measures of the police forces of Ilam province. This research seeks to answer the question, what were the innovative defensive actions of the police forces of Ilam province during the holy defense period, when Iraqi long-range missiles attacked Iranian cities? This research is applied in terms of type and purpose, and in terms of method, it is among exploratory studies. The analysis approach of this study is the inductive method using the coding method. The participants of this study were the employees of the Ilam Police Department, and 10 interviews were conducted with the participants of this study using the snowball sampling method based on the theory of theoretical saturation. The required data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were finally analyzed using the database method. The research findings show; The main components include: divine purposes and ideals, unity of command and information, defense measures, identification and successful feedback. The last layer of this process is carried out by the police forces, and the results obtained from the analysis of the processes showed that divine purposes and ideals, unity of command and Surveillance, defense measures and information as antecedents, as well as successful identification and feedback as consequences of the success of the innovative defense measures of the Ilam province police forces during the sacred defense period, have followed a combination of a set of qualities.

Today, under the influence of many internal and external factors, the ethnic minority groups tend to adopt different behavioral patterns from the central ethnic group and even the peripheral majority group and show new spatial and political behaviors. This research aims to outline the spatial behavior of the Khalkhal Kurds towards the surrounding majority group. More specifically, the study seeks to investigate the most prominent role of the Kurds in the policing history of the Khalkhal region and tries to find out the variables likely to have had a role in this process. The study is descriptive-analytic in nature. The data have been gathered through library documents and reliable historical sources as well as interviews. The research population includes the Kurdish-speaking settlements in Khalkhal. The findings show that the most prominent spatial behavior of the Kurds can be attributed to the fact that they gained power during the Qajar period. It could also be ascribed to the interaction and confrontations with the central government and the twenty-year rule over the region. This issue has been exploited by foreign colonial powers, especially Tsarist Russia, to prevent the unity of the people in the region. The results show that if the demands of ethnic minorities are not met, Khalkhal Kurds, under likely influence of numerous internal and external factors, are prone to serious social, political and, consequently, security challenges for the region and even the country.

Occupation of Iran in Shahrivar 1320 by the Allies, it faced important security and law enforcement challenges. According to the Allies, Khuzestan was considered one of the most important and strategic areas in the process of occupation. British forces attacked Khuzestan from the very beginning of the war with Iran, and after crushing the resistance of the army in this area, Khuzestan was captured by the Allies. The allied attack had many negative consequences in this region. The aim of the current research is to investigate the negative consequences of the presence of the Allies in Khuzestan. This article aims to answer the question of what were the security and law enforcement consequences of the occupation of Khuzestan in the Second World War with the method of library research and descriptive-analytical writing and using sources and documents. The results of this research indicate that with the intervention of the British in the administration of security-police affairs of the province and the reduction of the power of the army and the police force, social violence such as murder and looting increased in this province; Also, the efforts of a number of nomadic leaders to gain power in Khuzestan, along with the interference of the British among the tribes and nomads, caused rebellions in Khuzestan that had a centrifugal character.From then on the activity of Tudeh party increased in Khuzestan .