پژوه نامه فقه و علوم اسلامی
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1401)

From among the topics repeatedly emphasized by Islam is the issue of unity and sympathy among the followers of Divine faiths. This issue- which today is turned into a major concern for religious scholars and thinkers- has been seriously addressed and stressed in comments made by Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei. The first step in order to achieve a general consensus based on divine teachings is to precisely outline the mandates and characteristics of the followers of divine faiths so that common principles and duties of the followers towards each other can be drawn through this passage. This article seeks to highlight leading features that are common among the followers, identify them with a focus on Ayatollah Khamenei’s comments and explain the dos and don’ts to move toward the path of unity and global peace. Thematic analysis method has been used to extract and codify the Leader’s comments. The result shows that the Leader has highlighted six major principles which are common among the followers of all divine religions. In order of importance and priority, they are as follows: establishing justice and standing against oppression, abiding by religious tenets and believing in spirituality, believing in human values and respecting the sanctities of others, supporting the followers of other divine religions, believing in the reappearance of a savior and dialogue for understanding.

Music- as a subclass of intellectual sciences, has always been among the most attractive arts throughout human history. For this reason, Sharia has a comprehensive set of rules on music. Based on ample reasons and evidence, all derived from Fiqhi (jurisprudential) sources, manufacturing as well as making use of musical instruments is haram (forbidden) and any income derived from musical activity is also haram. This research analyzes this issue by looking into available sources and referring to works of Faqihs (Islamic experts), particularly those written by Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei. Although preceding Islamic jurists' opinion, obtained from the appearance of evidence, forbids manufacturing and making use of musical instruments, succeeding jurists -such as Ayatollah Khamenei- reject this application and state that one of the criteria in the impermissibility of musical instruments is whether they are entertaining (lahvi) or not.  The present article, with emphasis on the Leader's opinion, seeks to re-identify the criteria used to assess entertaining (lahvi) and non-entertaining (ghayr-lahvi) musical instruments under the titles of deviating from the path of God, provoking sexual desires, encouraging individuals to commit forbidden acts, making an individual heedless to the obligatory commands and making a person careless about religion.

Recitation Engineering is a keyword used by Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei in a meeting with Quran reciters on the first days of the holy month of Ramadan on March 23, 2023. The Leader advised the reciters to use this technique in their recitations. This article seeks to expound upon the concept of Recitation Engineering with emphasis on the Leader’s viewpoint. This research, employing the thematic analysis method, has closely studied all the Leader’s speeches and comments on this topic in nearly 70 Quranic circles held from 1989 until 2022 and categorizes the related content. The result shows that, from the viewpoint of Ayatollah Khamenei, Quran recitation has two inner and outer etiquette. The inner etiquette includes a previous self-impression of a reciter from the content and the outer etiquette addresses waqf and Ibtida (to stop and start) , stressing on certain words and repeating them, and following rules of Sawt and Lahn. These could finally make people further contemplate the Quran, help listeners hear the correct meanings and bring about spiritual, intellectual and practical growth for both the individual and society. It seems that the Leader, by using the term recitation engineering, is meant to refer to the outer etiquette of reciting which will be elucidated in this work.

Jihad Kabir (Mighty Struggle) means not to obey the unbelievers and mushriks (polytheists); it is a divine command which was revealed to Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) in Mecca to confront mushriks at the time. In fact, by this command- which Allah mentions in the Quran, He calls for an Islamic society that its people would not give in to the demands of enemies going through various junctures of life. The believers should strive diligently to uphold and promote the status and authority of the Islamic society so that the enemy would not be able to establish dominance over the society through its political, economic, and cultural measures and make people abide by them. This article analyzes Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei’s viewpoints with respect to Jihad Kabir, employing an analytical-descriptive method. Data have been collected through the library method and thematic analysis has been used to analyze the data. The result shows that the Leader- in his works and comments- has highlighted a number of issues including the enemy and its plots as well as disobeying the enemies and standing against them. Ayatollah Khamenei’s viewpoints regarding Jihad Kabir pivot around conceptology, requirements, actors, fields, consequences, and impacts of Jihad Kabir.

Despite the fact that philosophical education has a long and bright history in Iran and also enjoys matchless resources in terms of content, it has failed to address modern issues and needs to be updated. This article seeks to study and evaluate the challenges facing the education of philosophy in Iran. six major challenges have been selected and studied in this research. Some of these challenges arise from the confrontation between the culture and ideas of the Islamic civilization and the modern culture and civilization and its novel issues. New perceptions of philosophy are one of the challenges facing the issue of philosophy education in Iran as well as Islamic nations. Furthermore, another part of the challenges stems from intra-cultural dialogues and differences over the status of philosophy in Islamic thoughts. This difference is highlighted when we want to make all teenagers and young people learn philosophy based on a modern education system that occurs in formal and public education. Some Islamic schools of thought are diametrically opposed to philosophy and others embrace it; they consider philosophy as a systematic study of general and fundamental questions which is not for a public engagement. This article seeks to present suggestions to overcome the challenges facing philosophy for all.

In Ayatollah Khamenei’s Quranic studies, Quranic concepts and terms have a determining role and place in complementing the process of Quranic contemplation. Based on this Quranic attitude, reidentifying linguistic features of the Holy Quran is- to a large extent- dependent upon the conceptology of Quranic terms. Accordingly, Ayatollah Khamenei’s semantic analysis of Quranic terms is a necessity. The broad term of Batil (falsehood) is one of the concepts which has been reidentified in Ayatollah Khamenei’s Quranic studies. Elaborating on the method employed by Ayatollah Khamenei in semantology – the term of Batil and the Leader’s reasons for the reidentification of this concept have been addressed in this article through an analytical-descriptive method. The result of this research shows that Ayatollah Khamenei’s method of studying the terms is based on Quran’s collective identity. Based on this method, most of the Quran’s verses imply semantic implications and therefore the text of the Holy Book could be a basis of knowledge for elaborating on its own terms. In the Quran, the term Batil is used as the opposite of Haq (truth) which can be used to describe nullified or invalid. Hence, Batil lacks an independent identity and merely can be meaningful when Haq is not present. Conceptual implications used by Ayatollah Khamenei have created strategic propositions in the areas of culture, politics, and society. The value-based principles of this issue in the social arena support the theories of “progress", "resistance" and "power" in the socio-political thought of Ayatollah Khamenei and emphasize the role of epistemological authority of the Quran in the type of governance that he favors.