فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 62 (تابستان 1402)

The forward research focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the representation of daily life in the Instagram pages of married women lifestyle influencers during the first four months of the pandemic in Iran. The research question explores how the quarantine period is represented in the pages of these influencers, and researchers have attempted to analyze the discursive nature of the COVID-19 virus in these pages. Lifestyle influencers on Instagram are among the most popular narrators of daily life and, due to their access to authoritative resources, have a significant capacity for signification of phenomena. In this research, the narrative methods of virtual daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on Riessman's narrative analysis theory, have been studied, and the research methodology is qualitative and based on virtual ethnography. Using narrative analysis techniques, the data, consisting of posts from lifestyle influencers, have been processed, and various strategies for narrating family life during the quarantine period have been analyzed at two thematic and structural levels. In the first section, "Cyborg Women as Quarantine Narrators," the findings have been thematically analyzed, and four genres have been identified: "Fantasy Construction of Corona," "Multiplicative Discourse of Motivation," "Pre-Corona Nostalgia," and "Medicalizing Everyday Life." In the second section, the findings have been structurally analyzed in relation to the interplay between images and text in the posts and the mechanisms of influencers' impact. Two genres have been identified: "Platform Rotation" and "Strategies for Mitigating Influential Challenges."

Taking into account the reduction of fertility concurrent with attitudinal changes, the present paper examines and predicts the reproductive behavior of women in Tehran province utilizing agent-based modeling with a cultural approach. To this end, a set of scenarios including attitude changes toward abortion, the importance of religiosity, and the impact of the media are taken into account. Simulations have been performed in AnyLogic software, based on the data obtained from the 2017 Iran Fertility Transition Survey (IFTS). The results predict that the total fertility rate of women in Tehran province in 1408 will reach 1.06. These figures are predicted to reach 1.07 and 1.03, respectively, when the increase and decrease in the importance of women's religiosity are considered. If the scenario of increasing and decreasing the positive attitude towards reduction of abortion is evaluated, the total fertility rate will reach 1.02 and 1.07, respectively. Raising awareness and persuasion for childbearing in mass media is predicted to increase total fertility rate slightly to 1.16. However, given the increasing level of literacy and awareness of the society and target population, there is a need for scientific evidence-based planning and media discourse to convince elite and educated women to increase their fertility. This important message should always be considered by policymakers and planners.

The invisible poor is an anecdote about the lives of a group of educated people in urban areas that do not seem to be impoverished. The invisible poor are people who have an income but no savings; they can just scrape by for three to four months; they are officially employed with a minimal wage and may have many jobs; they are geographically urban but live in the city's slums. The goal of this qualitative study is to gain a better understanding of the participants' meanings and perceptions of the phenomenon of poverty. The subjects of the study were university personnel; the sampling strategy was theoretical, and the sampling technique was purposeful. The data on the meaning of poverty were analyzed using theoretical coding and then placed into five main categories, such as the burial of dreams, a sense of shame, geographical stigma, chronic physical anguish, and poverty with a sense of powerlessness—the production of tame and submissive bodies. The analysis of the macro-background causes resulted in four conceptual categories: family and broken wings of flight, social acceptance of poverty, network poverty on the outskirts of the city, and institutional invisibility. The micro-causes included two main categories: the culture of poverty and sympathizing with friends.

The purpose of this study was to design and validate the cultural literacy framework for elementary school teachers. This research was conducted by sequential explanatory strategy. The thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part.Potential participants were academic experts in the 1399 academic year who among them 11 participants were identified using Snowball sampling method. The authenticity of the data (validity and reliability) in the qualitative part was ensured by using the technique of investigator triangulation and trustworthiness. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data; In the quantitative part, descriptive survey method was used and confirmatory factor analysis was used for validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to confirm reliability. Findings of the qualitative section includes 1020 basic conceptual propositions, 3 main components, ten criteria and 85 indicators that by drawing the relationships between them, the conceptual framework of teachers' cultural literacy was formed. At the end of the qualitative section, based on the initial framework obtained from this section, a questionnaire was developed and using it, the opinions of 200 elementary school teachers in district one of Shiraz city regarding the relationship and appropriateness of the components of the framework were received. Confirmatory factor analysis on the data of the quantitative section confirmed the framework derived from the results of the qualitative section, and based on this, the proposed framework of cultural literacy of elementary school teachers was approved. This framework can be used as a tool for measuring cultural literacy as well as designing professional development programs for elementary school teachers.

The aim of the research is to analyze the critical discourse in the Qajar and Islamic Republic emblems based on the relationship between emblem and discourse. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the analysis approach is critical discourse. National emblems are the visual dimension of political discourses. The differences of emblems as a part of the discourse or the visual effect of a discourse may return to the specific way of that visual effect or be interpreted as a certain political tendency. Discourses consistent with the symbol of the lion and sun are patrimonial, royal, and national identity discourses based on historical past and religious identity. This emblem is indicative of the ideals of ideological traditionalists, as an attractive visual aspect of religious discourse. In this way, any emblem that represents the visual dimension of the discourse of Sunnis or other religious minorities is removed, or rejected by displaying this symbol in the ministries, press, publications, etc. The discourse of the Islamic Revolution is a reaction to the absolute modernism of the Pahlavi period. The discourses that arose in the Islamic revolution included strategies and conflicts such as class struggle, exploitation, and struggle against imperialism and colonialism. This discourse resists the field of power that the Orientalist and Middle Eastern discourse that Westerners create. The comparison of the Qajar and Islamic Republic emblems shows the difference in their attitude in choosing the type of governance. The Qajar rule wants to dominate the empire and the other wants to spread Islamic rule all over the world.

Lifestyle can be constructed in different people, cultures and societies because it is based on the lived experience and social, cultural and economic conditions of the individual members of the society. Generation Y, which in Iran is equal to the beginning of the sixties to the beginning of the eighties, is influenced by the conditions of society in those two decades and has a different lifestyle from the generation before and after it. So now the question is raised, what is the meaning of the life style of women of the generation in Tehran? The method of this data theory is the foundation. The data required for this research is the result of a semi-structured interview with 21 young women living in Tehran who were part of the “Y” generation. The method of selecting the participants is purposeful and available and determining their number upon reaching the saturation stage has been specified. The findings of this research three central phenomenon "preferred individualism" and "economic independence" and" Selective cultural style"were chosen as central phenomena and the selective phenomenon of "generational expectations" was chosen as the main paradigm. One of the causes of this phenomenon is the modern attitude and the dominance of virtual discourse and Relative acceptance of structures, which results in the creation of a semi-traditional lifestyle and achieving the desired lifestyle. The women of the Y generation are different women from the previous generation. By making changes in the traditional lifestyle of the society, they have created a semi-traditional and semi-modern lifestyle. The most important characteristic of these women is their efforts to gain financial independence before marriage.

Media literacy is a kind of understanding based on skill that used to recognize and separate media and its types of production. It depends on various factors such as individuals’ cultural capital. The main purpose of this study is to review, communication between Cultural capital and Media literacy among young people aged 18-34 in Tehran and in this case used Bourdieu's ideas about cultural capital and Hobbes, Thoman and Potter and the gap of awareness in the field of media literacy. Research methods were survey and tools for data gathering was questionnaire. And statistical population including: young people aged (18-35) from Tehran in 2021 and only 386 of them selected as the main sample of this study by Quota sampling method. To find a proper answer for this question, (whether there is any communication between cultural capital and Media Literacy among young people in Tehran) Results indicated that the cultural capital of this population including: (Objectified, Embodied and Institutionalized cultural capitals,) which it is close to average. Many respondents’ media literacy that obtained by the sum of the results of these components including (availability, analysis, Production of media content) that all was upper than average) Between Media literacy, and institutionalized & embodied cultural capital there is a kind of direct and meaningful communication. Reversely, there is not any meaningful communication between Media literacy and institutionalized cultural capital. Also, between genders, marital status, income with Media literacy there is not any communication.