نشریه مطالعات نوین در متابولیسم ورزش و فعالیت بدنی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1402)

A valuable approach to increasing health and reducing brain damage is to use exercise and physical training as a pre-preparation that leads to some molecular cellular changes and improved behavioral functions.

In this quasi-experimental study, animals were randomly divided into three equal groups of 01, including endurance training, stroke and control. The training protocol in the endurance group included swimming in water for three weeks and five days a week for 01 minutes every day at a water temperature of 03 ± 3 ° C. Rats in the control group and the stroke group spent three weeks without any training. To create the ischemia model, the common carotid artery (CCA) was blocked for 01 minutes with aneurysm clamps. 32hours after ischemia, TrkB enzyme levels were assessed using Real Time Pcr and behavioral functions.

There was a significant difference in the TrkB variable between the endurance group and the stroke and control groups in favor of the endurance group (P = 10110). Also, a significant difference was found between the stroke group and the control group (P = 10110).In relation to neurological disorder, a significant difference was observed between the endurance group and the two groups of stroke and control (P = 10110).

Aerobic exercise can produce positive neuroprotective effects in relation to neurogenesis by altering TrkB gene expression, which can also be seen in behavioral functions.

Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus four weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde in elite handball player girls.

Thirty young handball player girls (mean aged 16.85±1.4 years), with four years of membership in handball team of North Khorasan province, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of training and one control group. Subjects in experimental groups participated in four weeks of HIIT [running at intensity of 95-90 percentage of maximum heart rate and resting intervals of 1-3 minutes running at 60-50 percentage of maximum heart rate] and aerobic training (running at 50-70 percentage of maximum heart rate, 45-60 minutes per session), three sessions per week. The blood samples were taken factors before and 48 hours after last training session to assess blood factors. Data analysis was done by One-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Pearson correlation, and P<0.05 considered significant.

Serum levels of MDA decreased significantly following aerobic training (P=0.044). Moreover, weight (P=0.009), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.002) and body fat percent (P=0.036) decreased significantly following HIIT. Furthermore, aerobic training resulted in significant decline in weight (P=0.008), BMI (P=0.015) and body fat percent (P=0.013).

It seems that the volume of training influences on serum levels of MDA; however, ceruloplasmin levels was affected by neither intensity nor volume of training.

Overweight and obesity is one of the main problems in today's world that can progress with age and cause various diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Consumption of the spirulina supplement with aerobic exercise on changes in myostatin, follistatin and fat mass in overweight middle-aged people.

35 subjects were randomly divided into three groups: control (n = 11), supplement group (spirulina+aerobic exercise) (n = 12), and placebo (placebo+aerobic exercise) (n = 12). Aerobic exercise was performed with an intensity of 60 to 75% of maximum heart rate for eight weeks with three sessions per week. Also, four grams of spirulina supplement was taken daily. Anthropometric variables, follistatin and myostatin, were measured before and after training. To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used and the significance level was considered <0.05.

No significant differences were observed between the groups of serum levels of follisatin (p = 0.250), myostatin (p = 0.099) and body fat (p = 0.564). However, intragroup changes showed that body fat was significantly reduced in the supplement and placebo groups (p = 0.001).

The use of aerobic exercise and spirulina supplementation, despite not having an effect on follisatin and myostatin, can have a positive effect on the improvement of body composition.Keywords: Aerobic Exercise, Spirulina Supplement, Follistatin, Myostatin

the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided into experimental (n=12) or control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed step aerobics training with an intensity of 60 to 70% of heart rate reserve, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma BDNF and tau phosphorylated protein level was measured with an ELISA kit. There was no significant difference between the levels of tau phosphorylated protein in the experimental and control group in different stages (p <0.05); Also, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that despite the decrease in the level of tau phosphorylated protein, but there was no significant difference between the levels of this index in different stages of the study (p = 0.182). The plasma BDNF level of elderly women in the post-test stage (12 weeks) in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.018). Also, plasma BDNF levels after 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group were significantly higher than the pretest (P values were 0.021 and 0.004, respectively).These results suggest that the possible positive effects of exercise in the elderly with reduced cognitive function are not due to a decrease in the phosphorylated Tau protein and that neurogenic pathways are activated in this way.

In this study, the effect of 10 months of CXWorks (CX) training on some indicators of diabetes in obese prediabetic women was measured.

The statistical sample is 24 obese peri-diabetic women who were randomly divided into two CX and control groups. The CX group participated in a 10-week CX training program with 3 sessions per week, and the control group was prohibited from participating in any sports activities. Fasting levels of glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and anthropometric indices were measured in both groups before and after the training period. Fasting blood samples were also taken before and 48 hours after the last training session with the aim of measuring dependent variables in both groups.

10 weeks of CX training led to a significant decrease in glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity in obese pre-diabetic women compared to the control group. CX training also did not result in a significant decrease in body fat percentage compared to the control group.

The implementation of CX exercises as one of the new methods of resistance training is associated with the improvement of diabetes indicators in obese pre-diabetic women. Therefore, it is suggested to perform such exercises for a relatively long period with the aim of improving the glycemic profile

Nowadays, the use of sports and energy supplements and drinks has become widespread among athletes. It is believed that the consumption of sports drinks can increase their performance during training and competition due to the presence of ergogenic compounds such as sugars, caffeine, sodium creatine, bicarbonate and taurine. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of two types of energy drinks on aerobic, anaerobic performance and fatigue index of young football players. The research method is a semi-experimental type and was implemented in a cross-sectional manner, and 10 young football players with an average age of 21±2 years, height 171±1.487 cm, weight 63.9±3.91 kg after participation In a familiarization session, they participated in 3 half-test and rest test sessions with an interval of 4 days. Sports drinks (Red Bull and Poweride) and placebo were consumed 40 minutes before the test. The results showed that Poweride drink increases endurance performance (P<5.5). In addition, Red Bull energy drink causes a significant increase in minimum power (P < 0.05).

The results of this study showed that Poweride drink improves aerobic performance compared to placebo drink. In addition, comparing the peak power averages, the minimum power showed that the minimum power in the Red Bull group has a significant increase compared to the placebo group.