فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 102، تابستان 1402)

Previous research has shown that the number of open access documents in the world is increasing. Although the speed of this phenomenon is worthy of attention, some supporters of science want this process to be faster. One of the important challenges of open access for the country is to cover its relatively high costs, and along with that, due to sanctions, it is also important to predict the methods of paying these costs. Anticipating the necessary arrangements in this field, including credit provision, policy making and cultural building, requires knowledge of the speed of progress of free access in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the trend of open access development worldwide and its impact on Iran's international scientific standing and to provide solutions in this field.

This research is an applied and survey-based study, conducted with a bibliometric approach. The study population consists of the data on 23 years of golden open access obtained from Clarivate and Incites.

The trend towards open access publishing is expected to continue in the most prestigious journals worldwide in the next 10 to 13 years. However, the growth rate of this trend is not uniform across all fields. The findings indicate that over the past five years, Iran ranks fifth among the countries with the lowest percentage of open access documents. This is happening while the share of open access documents is increasing rapidly in most countries. Also, major publishers are rapidly increasing their share of open access documents. Additionally, while journals with higher impact factors tend to publish more open access documents, the proportion of open access documents in journals with different citation degrees is relatively consistent.

The future of open access will be affected by the approach of financial sponsors in science, publishers and universities and research centers, but sooner or later a large part of the articles will be published as open access, an issue that will affect the future of the country's scientific position, especially with regard to financial dimensions. It will have a significant impact. The development of international scientific interactions, the development of interactions with financial sponsors of international science, policy-making, cultural creation and funding are the solutions facing this phenomenon. The formation of a consortium to pay the cost of processing articles as a unit at the country level and the formation of a consortium that includes both the subscription of databases and the payment of the cost of processing articles are among the solutions that increase the possibility of bargaining with publishers. Adding the country's science and technology funds to this consortium will increase the possibility of bargaining again.

Users in the library software environment are immersed in a sea of ​​information and searching in this space is time-consuming and confusing for them. By searching for each keyword, the software identifies and displays many resources, and choosing the most appropriate and relevant source to the user's needs is another matter.One of the major problems with library software is the loss of information in the software. Personalizing information and giving advice to users depends on storing data in the library system. For example, in the search section of many library softwares, there is no requirement to enter the users' personal page, and the system performs the search and retrieval of information without identifying the users. Recommending systems are created primarily to offer an option to the user in the search or selection process, thereby helping them to choose a better option. Therefore, the present research aims at providing a model for recommendation systems of information resources in Iranian library software.

This study, in terms of the purpose, is an applied research. Descriptive survey method was used to evaluate the recommendation status of library software. Moreover, the system design method was utilized to suggest the recommendation pattern in library software. Data were gathered through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with managers and specialists of library software. The data were coded and extracted using the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software.

Qualitative analysis of the interview results led to the identification of five main categories, 16 sub-categories, and their concepts. The findings showed that in the category of the current strategies of library software for the recommendation, traditional method of recommendation, defining relationship between records, relationship between topics, relationship between words, and defining the search refinement module have been utilized. Moreover, in the category of determining the level of familiarity with the recommender system, three categories of perfect familiarity (17%), brief familiarity (50%) and unfamiliarity (33%) were identified. In terms of the required facilities of the recommender systems, the sub-categories of technical, system, and specialized facilities (customization) were recognized, and its concepts were explained. The challenges of adding a recommender system in two categories of technical and non-technical challenges and their concepts were pointed out. In addition, the benefits of adding a recommender system were explained in three categories, namely the benefits for library members, for librarians, as well as for software companies. Also, the characteristics of the appropriate design pattern of the recommender system of the Iranian library software were identified and suggested.

The results of data analysis of interviews with managers and specialists of the Iranian library software companies showed that the companies are moving on the way to take advantage of modern technologies. They have implemented some requirements for the implementation of the recommender system in their software. Currently, the creation and completion of similarities between information resources have been allocated to librarians as their responsibility or designed based on search refinement techniques (like faceted search or clustering), which this section in software has the ability to become a recommender system. The results also showed that familiarity of managers and professionals of the companies with the recommender systems is moderate. Companies are needed to be aware of recommender systems based on the identified challenges and benefits of recommender systems in library software. Additionally, the pattern of recommender systems in the Iranian library software is designed and offered.

Since the formation of the open access movement, extensive efforts have been made by the scientific community to provide open access to research publications. Open access to scientific information is one of the solutions that can lead to better visibility and use of knowledge by removing barriers to access. Dissemination of accurate and immediate scientific information about this emerging disease is very important and can help to assess and achieve solutions to control it, strong evidence, better information and support for public health decisions. Access to the maximum possible information about this disease is very important not only for the scientific community but also for everyone around the world. Open access allows researchers to engage with the rapidly growing research of Covid-19 and use relevant information to identify this new virus and reach solutions to the global health crisis. The unprecedented crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has revolutionized the system of schientific communication and the disseminiation of research findings and the scientific community has taken many measures in order to access information related to this disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the publication patterns of Covid-19 pandemic research.

This exploratory study was conducted as a descriptive-analytical report using a scientometric approach. The research population of the study was comprised of Covid-19 related publications which were indexed in the Web of Science database from the beginning of 2020 to April 2021. Data collection was carried out using Web of Science and Unpaywall databases. The data was analyzed usnin Microsoft Excel and SPSS (version 23).

The findings showed that 92 percent of the examined articles in the area of COVID-19 pandemic have been published in one of the open access models. Over 40 percent of articles were published under the gold open access models, while 33 percent were bronze open access, 10 percent were green open access, and another 9 percent were hybrid open access. The results related to the fit of the publication model demonstrated the S-shape pattern of publications. Accordingly, we observed a slow publication pace in the early months of 2020 followed by a steady continuation of the publication speed during that year.

Non-open access articles accounted for only 8 percent of all COVID-19 related publications examined in this research. There has been a successful international agreement among scientific publishers regarding open access publication of the research findings related to COVID-19 pandemic. This can be considered as a remarkable achievement during the global crisis of the pandemic.

Based on research approaches and fields, various information sources are available to researchers. Although access to a part of these resources sometimes faces limitations, refusing to pay attention to it will lead to defects in the results. In the meantime, the use of archival sources is considered one of the important topics in the field of research. One of the sources in this field is lithographic books. This industry entered Iran from the middle of the Qajar period (1249 AH) and in a short time it replaced lead printing and was used until the end of the Qajar period (1344 AH) and shortly after, due to the widespread acceptance of the society. In about a century, numerous works were published using this lithography technique, which were mostly reprints of works from previous eras or published by the authors of this era. The aim of the current research is to answer several questions about how many of the university theses written in Iran have focused on lithographic sources and the geographical distribution (city-university), the field distribution, the distribution of courses and its year, in what way and in the meantime, what approaches have prevailed in the use of these research sources?

The method of this descriptive-analytical research and sampling is based on two databases approved by the Ministry of Science and academic and research centers (Irandoc and National Library) and the website of university libraries. However, the findings of the current research, like other quantitative researches based on the examination of samples, are not completely certain and there can be an error rate of 5-10 percent in it, because the primary and supplementary information recorded by a number of academic centers and students, sometimes It is accompanied by defects and mistakes.

Based on the case study of all theses extracted, the findings indicate that 43 university centers in 17 cities have written only 255 theses, among which Tehran with 15 universities and 183 theses. It is at the top of this statistic. The disciplines benefiting from 21 lithographic books and illustration with 115 theses have a noticeable distance from other disciplines. 1, 14, 223, and 17 theses have been written in associate degree, bachelor degree, master degree, and doctoral degree, respectively.

The purpose of this research is to identify the effective factors of communication with donors and its obstacles from the point of view of public library managers of Razavi Khorasan Province.

The statistical population of the research included 28 people from the managers of public libraries in Razavi Khorasan Province. It was carried out using the survey method and descriptive and analytical approach. The researcher's questions, based on library studies, were used to collect data. In this research, factors such as culture building factors, identification and attraction factors, retention, and loyalty factors have been investigated. The formal and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts of the Khorasan Razavi Public Libraries, and some related professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method, 0.91, and the reliability coefficient of the components of organizational communication, including: culture-building factor, identification and attraction factor, and retention and loyalty factor, respectively, were equal to 0.92, 0.95, 0.78, which is an acceptable reliability. The research data were analyzed at the descriptive level, which used frequency distribution tables and central indicators (mean) and standard deviation at the descriptive level.

The findings of the research showed that retention and loyalty factors based on the performance index with 39.73 percent and the importance index with 40.41 percent obtained the highest percentage. In addition, the factors of identification and attraction based on the performance index with 38.43 percent and the importance index of 39.02 percent have taken the second place. Cultivation factors based on performance index with 21.82 percent and importance index with 20.55 percent received the third rank.

As the findings showed, the highest factor in the performance and importance index is the factor of retention loyalty. Purposeful communication in the organization causes internal organizational strategies such as creating a suitable structure for organizational communication with donors and external strategies such as communication with organizations related to endowment and philanthropy causes the library to attract donors, and increased gifts, donations, and cash and non-cash assistances.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the importance and role of philanthropists in voluntary activities in the health centers of Astan Quds Razavi. Public health is of great significance for the Astan Quds Razavi and this organisation has had the utmost respect for the poor and visiting patients from the past. With this good intention, they have made every effort to promote the well-being of patients and pilgrims, which has often been in the form of endowments. In this paper, Astan Quds Razavi leprosy centre is investigated using the library and archival sources and documents to explore how voluntary activities were formed to establish this institution and what was the role of Astan Quds Razavi in ​​the development of health, treatment and the establishment of a leper house.

Historical research method has been used during years 1343-1420 AH applied for conducting this research. The collected data were analysed based on the analytical descriptive method.

The results indicate that the most of expenses, with regard to health centres in particular establishing the leper house, was covered by the Astan Quds Razavi which was officially included in the annual budget by the end of 1956. However, in some cases public assistance was also reported. A review of the public benefit activities carried out by the Astan Quds Razavi province in the mentioned time indicates the occurrence of factors and reasons affecting the development and improvement of the health situation in Mashhad during that period and causing important developments in the direction of the creation and promotion of leper house.

Examining the level of the Mashhad community`s health in terms of facilities with regard to managing the Hansen`s disease or leprosy between the years before and after the establishment of the leper house shows that Mashhad has undergone many changes due to endowment institutions. Astan Quds Razavi has played an effective role in improving the level of healthcare in Mashhad with the help of endowment and development of its income as well as voluntary activities of donors. By establishing a leper house in Mashhad and gathering some lepers from all over the country, this organization has managed to scientifically and practically prevent the further spread of this disease. Therefore, although the presence and voluntary activities of domestic and foreign benefactors and philanthropists have greatly helped to eradicate and develop health in Mashhad, but the active presence and special attention of Astan Quds Razavi from the past until now to public benefit activities and works despite the presence of benefactors in the field of  health and treatment have had a lot of endowments, which has caused the continuity and continuation of this important issue in attracting people's participation in the field of health and treatment in Mashhad. Finally, what can be obtained from the presented material is that the beginning of charitable institutions and voluntary activities in Mashhad is closely related to the history of medicine and the background of waqf in this city and medical support from the Safavid period onwards.

After the Chaldaran war, the Safavid government accepted the treaty (Amasiyah, 962 AH) with the Ottomans, in which the details of the boundaries and gaps were not accepted by the parties, and this became the basis of many future conflicts. In the agreement between Safavid Shah Abbas and Ottoman Sultan Murad III, the basis for the formation of documents called Senornameh, which was a kind of agreement on borders, was formed. The purpose of this research is the structural analysis and content analysis of this type of documents.

This research deals with the structure of senornamehs with a descriptive and analytical method based on the available senornamehs documents and the text of some manuscripts and library sources.

The senornamehs state what historical awareness there was of the regional conflicts of the ruling families and the tribes living in these western borders, and also more and more concrete details of the borders. They present the territory of Iran and Ottoman. These border treaties were greatly expanded in terms of their terms, provisions and functions. Based on the findings of this study, the Senornamehs gradually changed from a border security agreement to an open compromise. The border maps depict the history of the formation of the border and its developments - especially in the western borders of Iran - as well as the role and presence of the border tribes in these border treaties.

Documentary studies of senornamehs is a two-way contribution to the history of Iran's border conflicts in order to open a new window of sources and references for future research and a contribution to the science of document recognition in order to make the historical data of documents more tangible. And it is considered desirable and functional to present them. The wars between Iran and Ottoman countries and the nationwide campaigns and hostilities of these two governments did not only create and continue the use of such treaties and regulations, but with the importance of finding these agreements, the regulations in the period Later, it was proposed as an open-minded compromise and as a regulator of communications in the borders and became an official supervisor of the communications of the border tribes, which helps to facilitate trade and commerce regulations in the region. Such demarcation gradually created a new kind of political affiliation and identity by locating the territory of the government and the domination of the ruling systems. Finally, the Senornamehs, which were initially created for the role of political and security separation, took on the role of unifying the culture and identity of the ethnic groups, and later became a kind of political and cultural homogenizer of individuals.

Digital transformation is a relatively new concept in the university library environment and has become one of the key concepts of success and sustainability for university libraries in the competitive information environment. Based on the reviews conducted on the subject literature, no research was found that could present the construction requirements and the factors affecting the digital transformation of university libraries. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to identify the components of the digital transformation of university libraries.

The approach of this research was qualitative and the Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step meta-synthesis method (2007) has been used. The statistical population of the research includes all the scientific publications related to the foundations and dimensions of the digital transformation of university libraries, counting the scientific publications retrieved from 12 scientific databases in the period from 2004 to 2022 (corresponding to the solar Hijri years of 1383 to 1401), which is based on the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) and screening process.

Therefore, 32 works were selected for further review and analysis. In this research, first, a separate code was considered for all the factors extracted from the selected publications, and then considering the concept of each of the codes, they were categorized in a similar concept. In this way, the concepts of the research were determined. Based on the analysis done with the help of content analysis method, there are a total of 7 main categories and 24 concepts, including digital culture (digital attitude, user-oriented, agility, participation and cooperation, creativity and innovation, learning digital skills of employees), digital librarian (individual competence, knowledge competence, communication competence, skill competence), digital manager (individual competence, knowledge competence, skill competence), digital services and resources (optimally reorganizing library resources, providing digital services to users, providing digital services to the organization mother), digital technologies (digital infrastructure, technological readiness, use digital technologies), support and cooperation of upstream institutions and the mother organization (to provide human resources, to provide technological resources and equipment, to make macro policies), and Work process and development of digital strategy (digitalization of processes and development of library digital strategy).

The discussion of the digital transformation of organizations, including the digital transformation of university libraries, is complex, and managers and librarians cannot be expected to be familiar with these concepts without training or study and be able to move in the right direction towards the digital transformation of libraries. This research is the first research inside and outside of Iran that identified the components of the digital transformation of university libraries. The results of this research can be a good guide for an easy understanding of the effective factors and requirements of digital transformation of libraries and the importance of understanding it for managers and librarians.

As a principle in the communication system between visual elements and the visual perception of the audience, the effective law of proximity of Prägnanz creates a two-way communication that facilitates the process of perception. Prägnanz principles form the central core of the Gestalt theory of visual perception, some of which were first proposed in 1910 by Max Wertheimer, a Czech psychologist. The principle of proximity, among the principles and laws of Gestalt visual perception, is an effective factor in the quality of design, which causes correlation, continuity, balance, rhythm, proportion, and unity and cohesion of visual elements. One of the copies that can be considered in the field of Gestaltology is the title of the Qajar era gilded Gur'an from the central library of Tabriz. In this research, while introducing the law of proximity of Prägnanz and the above mentioned gilded Gur'an, the effective factors in the formation of a balanced and coherent work based on this principle are studied.

How the role and presence of the law of proximity in the desired work and its function in the process of visual perception of the elements of the title, as well as how it is related to other principles raised in this process, are the basic questions of this research. This research, the data of which was collected through library sources, was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method.

The presence of this law and its impact on the process of visual perception in the mentioned title is 96 percent, which includes four recognizable types with the following frequencies: 30 percent of the type of proximity to the edges, 24 percent of the contact type, 28 percent of overlapping type, 15 percent of combined type. These four principles are well organized in many positions of the headboard, including the section of the sharfas, table drawing, decorations, verses of the Quran, inscriptions and frames.

The result of this investigation showed: Despite the high density of decorations in the target work of this research and their organization based on one of the two modes of style and prominence in the motifs, the principle of proximity causes the process of visual perception to happen and annoyance. And don't let the audience get tired. This article confirms Wertheimer's interpretation of Prägnanz law that psychological organization is good as a result of the simplicity and clarity of perception, which is related to the Gestalt principles presented in this research and under it is the set of proximity principle and its types. A strong Prägnanz is present under the conditions prevailing in the mentioned title. The proximity of visual elements in contact with each other and the combination of various visual motifs and colors next to each other have created the most coherent overlap in the structure of the mentioned work, which creates a calm and clear visual communication during the process of perception.

Considering the role of studying the thematic trend of knowledge and information science research in showing the weaknesses, shortcomings and the path of progress and development of that field, the present study intends to study the topics of articles conducted by Iranian researchers at the national and international levels in this field.

The present study is applied and has been done with the approach of text mining and automated classification analysis. The study population includes articles extracted from the website of Iranian journals indexed in the ISC database during 1977-2019, and the articles done by Iranian researchers that have been indexed in the Web of Science website from 2019-1945. All preprocessing and classification processes are implemented in the Python programming language.

In order to categorize the studies of knowledge and information science, by examining the study backgrounds and combining the existing classifications and consulting experts in this field, a plan consisting of 31 subject areas was prepared and based on the analysis. The findings showed that most of the researches in this field are focused on libraries and information centers and archives; respectively; Research, study and publication; Scientometrics and informatics; and Internet and web studies. In contrast, areas of artificial intelligence; Semantic and ontological web; Information and knowledge-based society; and information systems have the least amount of research. An examination of the concepts and vocabulary used in the studies of this field showed that the word "library" in Iranian articles is the most frequent concept among other concepts in this period. Other commonly used concepts in this course include: Information, University, Science, Study, Knowledge, Management, Evaluation, Web, Library, Technology, Services, and Librarians. Among co-occurrence terms, the terms university library, public library, knowledge management, information science, information retrieval behavior, information technology, medical sciences, national library, digital library, central library, and information retrieval were among the most commonly used terms. Common use of terms such as knowledge, management, technology, knowledge management and information technology, digital, digital library, social network, information literacy, cloud computing and e-government shows the increasing attention of Iranian researchers to interdisciplinary and technology-based topics. Concepts and topics of Iranian research, especially in recent years, have undergone changes in various economic, social and cultural dimensions under the influence of web development and the development of semantic technologies, smart tools, globalization and advances in communication, and comprehensive development.

The results of the present study can help in planning and decision-making regarding recognizing educational and research needs, formulating curricula, and guiding future scientific outputs towards priorities and optimal allocation of resources to them. These results can also guide researchers in deciding to select future research topics in knowledge and information science.

Regarding the daily developments achieved in science and technology, Research and Development is now known as the key to success for industries. Moreover, the production of knowledge and its distribution and application play a vital role in creating noble commodities and can finally lead to technological innovation within industrial complexes’ R&D units. Having acknowledged scientific collaboration’s vitality en-route the achievement of products’ know-how and paying cautious attention to modeling acceleration plus creating differentiation for the end product, the present study has taken an inter-disciplinary approach to finding the best way of applying knowledge to industry. It also seeks a proper counter to the challenging question of “What are the varieties to knowledge-based collaborations within the Research and Development value chain?”

The present study is descriptive-dynamic in terms of coherence and a functional one in terms of objectives. The employed statistical society comprises 15 elites chosen judgmentally. Being a composition of two qualitative methods, utilizing Delphi and Fuzzy methods and quantitative by Cluster Analysis employing SPSS and R softwares, the study has tried its best to examine theoretical basics in real-life situations so that the most tangible results are obtained and presented.

the gained results from elites’ approaches over Delphi’s twin levels that identify the required criteria as well as scientific collaborations in addition to the cluster analysis on knowledge-based cooperation over the value chain all depict that four questionnaires plus 12 components together form the varieties of knowledge-based collaborations within the R&D value chain.

The results of the 3-level analyses depict that knowledge-based collaborations within Iran’s national innovation system can be categorized into four groups: leading, creation, distribution, and science absorption. The mentioned categories possess 12 sub-branches leading to knowledge-based collaborations via 4 clusters—the varieties, including strategic innovations and sciences, together with cover 15 activities. In comparison, the varieties including scientific creations and innovations cover 33 activities, and those concerning strategic innovations and sciences seem to cover 13 activities. Last but not least, absorbing sciences and innovation strategies cover 26 activities out of the total 80 activities throughout the research and development value chain. Knowledge-based collaborations can expand cooperation in 4 various clusters, which itself can reduce errors throughout the process of achieving the know-how and modeling and evolution acceleration plus creating differentiation for the end product. R&D sections’ Knowledge-based collaborations bear 4 clusters and 3 levels. The 4-elemented 1st level utters the knowledge-based nature of interactions within productions chains and innovative services resulting in the production, spread and absorption of knowledge throughout the national system of innovation if proper strategies are determined. The 12-elemented 2nd level displays interactions’ variety plus R&D’s complexity covering the production cycle from ideas formation until its abrogation. The 80-elemented 3rd level depicts the conducted efforts within the R&D value chain aligned with interior and exterior interactions that together lead to innovative technologies.