International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Nowadays pain is the most commonly reported symptom in clinical practice. It is defined as “a complex emotional and sensorial experience that is associated with potential or actual damage” [1, 2]. Pain pathways represent a complex sensory system, with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral elements having evolved to detect and integrate a protective response to noxious stimuli [3, 4]. The protective nature of pain is true for acute pain, which is provoked by a specific disease or injury. However, chronic pain is not protective and is considered a disease state [5]. Pain sensitivity is one of the factors that determine the perceived severity, course, prognosis, and also treatment efficacy of clinical pain. It can be defined as increased or decreased pain responsiveness to noxious or non-noxious stimuli [6, 7]. Reduced sensitivity to pain is associated with the risk of delayed diagnosis or undermined treatment efficacy of conditions associated with acute pain. On the contrary, hypersensitivity is unpleasant and increases health care costs, risk of anxiety, and susceptibility to chronic pain conditions [8, 9]. Pain sensitivity widely varies among different individuals. There are several reports that factors, including genetic and environmental factors, affect an individual pain perception and sensitivity [8]. One of the environmental factors affecting pain perception that has not yet received much attention is the history of drug abuse [10].

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the correlation between fear of falling and dual task gait parameters in older adults.

Method and Materials:

 The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. An English search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted in January 2022, using the four main concepts, namely “Elderly, Fear of falling, Gait, and Dual task”. Modified Downs and Black checklist was utilized to assess the quality of the included studies.

Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles out of 2368 were included in the review. All the articles were of acceptable quality. On account of the quorum of meta- analysis, it could only be conducted in the velocity parameter (4 studies were included). An analysis of the correlation between the fear of falling and dual task gait velocity based on 95% confidence intervals found a significant difference between dual task gait velocity with and without the fear of falling (P=0.06, I2=50%, 95% CI: 0.31-0.51).

This study demonstrated that the fear of falling deteriorates some of the dual task gait characteristics in healthy and cognitively intact older adults, and that this reduction can be varied by the difficulty of the dual task (cognitive or manual).

This study is centered on the identification of key factors that contribute to the maintenance of proper posture, aiming to mitigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) arising from repetitive motions and inadequate body positioning in work settings.

This ross-sectional research was performed to examine the factors influencing the maintenance of proper body posture while working in the assembly line by 250 female workers. The study employed a two-phase cluster sampling technique for participant selection and gathered information about demographic traits, variables associated with Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and behavior through self-report surveys. The amassed data were subjected to analysis using SPSS version 21 software. This analysis encompassed statistical techniques including Pearson’s correlation and regression tests which all conducted at a significance threshold of p<0.05.

Totally 250 female workers with mean age of 35.15±7.99 took part in the study. The mean years of their work experience was 8.00±5.91. The study’s results demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between maintaining proper body posture during work and SCT.constructs (p<0.05), except for outcome expectations. Moreover, barrier structures, normative beliefs, intention, and knowledge were recognized as the most crucial determinants of behavior.

The study reveals a noteworthy connection between proper posture and (SCT) components, validating its predictive capacity for endorsing ergonomic practices. This enriches our comprehension of how SCT factors impact the adoption of correct task posture, aiding in targeted interventions and underlining the need for varied strategies to tackle the complex behavioral influences in workplaces.

Low back pain (LBP) is a biopsychological problem which involve all aging groups worldwide which could limited social and sexual activities among suffered people. In this regard, this study aimed to obtain viewpoints of Iranian people involved with LBP.

Method and Materials:

 This descriptive study was done on Iranian adults who suffered from LBP. To do this study, demographic questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed by eligible participants.  The last three sections of this questionnaire which were related to sexual, traveling and social activities were completed by the participants who were satisfied to be studied and signed the written consent form. Completed data were entered into the SPSS version 26 and analyzed through descriptive statistics.

In total, 238 eligible adult including 159 female  aged 40.06±13.22 years and 79 male aged 35.56±16.12 years   were  assessed. In this study, of 238 responded participants   147 (61.7%) participants explained some LBP , of 179 responded participants 89 (49.7% ) participants described sexual activity limitation and, of 228 responded participants ,146 ( 64%) participants verified that they had social activity limitation due to disability consequently  to LBP.

This study showed the majority of Iranian participants with disability due to LBP have limited social and sexually activities. Therefore, doing further studies to confirm these results and designing proper interventions are strongly recommended.

Adolescence is a very sensitive and important period in everybody’s life, particularly in individuals with disabilities, because it can significantly impact their experiences. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between curiosity and academic well-being among adolescents with physical and motor disabilities.

Method and Materials: 

The statistical population in this descriptive correlational study included all the adolescents 12-18 years old with physical and motor disabilities in Khuzestan Province of Iran during the academic year 2022–2023. The study sample consisted of 282 adolescents who selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included the Academic Wellbeing Questionnaire, the two-dimensional Curiosity and Discovery Inventory, and the Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SASEQ). The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results revealed that there was a significant direct path from curiosity to academic self-efficacy (P<0.001). However, the direct relationship between curiosity and academic well-being was not significant. In addition, a significant relationship, mediated by academic self-efficacy was found between curiosity and academic well-being linked by an indirect path (P<0.001).

Overall, the modified final model exhibited a good fit. Accordingly, this model can be considered a useful step in identifying factors that influence academic well-being of adolescents with physical and motor disabilities.

Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is the most common reason for non-traumatic lower limb amputation, which is most costly. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body self-concept and foot care self-efficacy with diabetic foot ulcer.

Method and Materials:

 In this cross-sectional study 450 diabetic patients including 225 patients with foot ulcer and 225 patients without foot ulcer were selected randomly and assessed. Participants were asked to complete demographic questionnaire as well as two self – report questionnaires of   Foot Care Self-efficacy (FCSE) and Body Self-Concept (BSC) questionnaires. Data were analyzed through descriptive/analytical tests by SPSS version 24.  

Totally, 450 diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer (225 participants in each group) were assessed. The mean scores of FCSE of patients with and without foot ulcer were 29.24±6.65 and 47.52±11.01 respectively which was significantly different (P<0.001).   Moreover, these scores of body self-concept of patients with and without foot ulcer were 60.24±8.60 and 84.36±11.41respectively which was different significantly (P<0.001).

This study verified diabetic patients who suffering from foot ulcer had lower beliefs regarding foot care self- efficacy and body self-concept. Therefore, practicing with these patients to improve their self-efficacy and self –concept is strongly recommended.