Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

The present study was performed to investigate the timing of the first deciduous tooth eruption in infants and its relationship with environmental and nutritional factors such as weight, height, and head circumstance at birth, type of childbirth, duration of breastfeeding, and initiation time of semi-solid food.

This study is a prospective study conducted on newborn infants during 2008-2009 years. For these infants, variables such as parental education level, parental ages, type of childbirth, infant's breastfeeding duration, initiation time of semi-solid food, weight, height, and head circumstance at birth, and then the researchers entered the data into the statistical software STATA 12 and analyzed the data by COX regression model.

The mean age of the infants receiving semi-solid food was 0.033 ± 5.99 months, and the mean height of the infants at birth was 0.078 ± 50.26 cm. The mean weight of the newborns at birth was 0.016 ± 3.37 kg. Finally, the mean head circumference of the newborns at birth was 0.062 ± 35.02 cm. By increasing the maternal childbearing age, the eruption time of the first primary tooth increases in the newborns. Furthermore, increasing the age of receiving semi-solid food in infants causes an increase in the eruption time of primary tooth in newborns.

The study uncovered that higher maternal childbearing age, increased duration of breastfeeding, increased age of infants in initiation time of receiving semi-solid food were significantly associated with delayed eruption of the first primary tooth in infants. However, infant's high birth weight had a significant relationship with the earlier eruption of the first primary tooth.

Treating fracture-dislocation of the knee is very complex and it is associated with several complications. Soft tissue damages are very common and ignoring them may affect the treatment results. The present study aimed at evaluating the incidence rates and the effect of meniscal injuries on the fracture-dislocation of the knee.

In this  retrospective-descriptive analytical study, 25 patients suffering from fracture-dislocation of the knee with types II-V damages, according to the Moore classification criterion, underwent open reduction, fracture fixation, and meniscal repair or debridement process. They were followed-up for two years.

Anatomic reduction of articular surface was obtained in 95% of the cases. The joint range of motion (ROM) was near to normal in 70% of the cases, 25% of the patients experienced functional ROM following manipulation, and 5% of cases required quadricepsplasty. Meniscal damages were observed in all cases (100%). The mean Lysholm score was 65±3.2 in the patients who were treated with meniscal debridement, whereas in patients who underwent meniscal repair, mean lysholm score was significantly higher (76.4±4.6) (P=0.001). Painful knee was observed in 16 patients (64%), and the majority of patients who had their meniscus were debrided.

Meniscal damage is observed in all cases with knee dislocation fracture requiring repair or debridement. Reconstruction of the damaged meniscus plays an important role in the clinical outcome of patients.

 The increasing rate of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) with biofilm formation may become a new threat to humans. In such cases, finding an effective treatment strategy such as using Nanotechnology (Nano- drugs) to deal with these types of infections may be promising. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on biofilm formation of VRSAs.

Clinical S. aureus isolates were identified to the species level by conventional methods, and their identities were later confirmed by PCR. Following the determination of susceptibility patterns of the isolates; all the screened S.aureus isolates have been assessed regarding their susceptibility to vancomycin. Detection of vanA gene and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of VRSAs were carried out using PCR and Etest methods, respectively. The biofilm production was assessed on all VRSA isolates in the presence/absence of SNPs using micro-titer plate method.

 In total, 11 (6.21%) VRSAs were identified among 177 S. aureus clinical isolates. These isolates were included in the biofilm production assay. All of the VRSAs were multidrug resistance and biofilm producers. The inhibitory effect of SNPs in concentration of 250 µg/ml on biofilm formation of VRSA isolates was significant (Pv = 0.01).

 Based on our findings, SNPs can prevent biofilm formation of VRSAs and applying of these nanoparticles may prohibit from the persistence and colonization of such resistant isolates.

 Different conditions like long mesovarium and adnexal venous congestion could result in torsion of ovary and subsequently obstruction of the ovarian vessels. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of systemic administration of nefidipine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries.

Twenty-five healthy female Wistar rats about ~250g were randomized into five experimental groups (n = 5): Group SHAM: The rats underwent only laparotomy. Group Ischemia: A 3- hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and a 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/N: A 3-hour ischemia only and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration (IP) of nefidipine 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/N: A 3-hour ischemia, a 3-hour reperfusion and 100 mg/kg IP of nefidipine 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia.

Animals treated with nefidipine showed significantly ameliorated development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). The significant higher values of SOD, tGSH, GPO, GSHRd and GST were observed in I/R/NC animals compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). Damage indicators (NOS, MDA, MPO and DNA damage level) were significantly lower in I/R/NC animal compared to those of other groups (P<0.05).

Intraperitoneal administration of nefidipine could be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.

 Substance abuse is a social disorder that affects the physical, mental, and social health of the victims. It is recognized as a disease whereby the patient loses his control over the behavior-reward system and compulsively insists on repeating an action with adverse effects. In this correlative descriptive study, we have investigated the effect of mindfulness on temptation and emotional schema with a mediator role of substance craving in drug addicts.

We have studied 253 drug addicts referred to Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center in Urmia, Iran in 2018, among which 150 samples were selected based on Krejcie & Morgan Table and using randomized multistage cluster method. Data collection was performed using Beck’s Craving Belief Questionnaire (CBQ), Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS) with respective reliabilities of 0.80, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively.

A sample of 70 subjects (51 men and 19 women) aged 31-45 years participated in the study. Results of the correlation matrix showed a positive and significant relationship between variables at 1% and a confidence level of 99%. The model of temptation and emotional schema with a direct impact of mindfulness and substance craving, and direct effects of the synthetic model of mindfulness and substance craving were fit and significant at 1% and confidence level of 99%. Indirect effects of the synthetic model were acceptable at 1%, implying that mediator role of substance craving in the relationship between mindfulness with temptation and emotional schema in subjects who suffered from substance abuse is effective.

We concluded that addiction treatment centers employ friendly staff and provide patients with training services to stimulate their lost sense of masculinity and help ease their return to normal life.

Cancer stem cells that have the ability to proliferation and self-renewal were cause to drug resistance and metastasis in malignancies. In multiple myeloma, these cancer stem cells (MMCSCs) play a very important role in the recurrence of the disease. Detection of these cells can create new ways for treating these patients. In this study, stemness genes and phenotypic markers were investigated as the methods for identifying cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma.Expression of stemness genes of OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, C-Myc and target genes of STAT3 and TCF3 by PCR and Real Time PCR and also expression of surface markers of CD19, CD33, CD133, CD38 and CD56 by flow cytometry in RPMI8226 and U266 were studied.The results of the study showed that myeloma cells were express the stemness genes, and also CD133 surface marker was express in the some of myeloma cells. Identification of myeloma cancer stem cells can be crucial in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of multiple myeloma patients. CD133+ myeloma cells that express stemness genes are Multiple Myeloma Cancer Stem Cells (MMCSC) that can be considered as therapeutic targets.

Epilepsy is a brain disorder which affects about 50 million people worldwide. Good diet is an essential measure to controlling seizure attacks. Since some combination therapy can reduce epileptogenesis, therefore this review summarizes the available evidences about the application of vitamins in animal models and humans for understanding what specific combinations of antiepileptic drugs and vitamins are likely to be effective for epilepsy therapy.

In this review, electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for monotherapy and polytherapy by vitamins.

Administration of vit A inhibits development of seizures and lethality in animal models. Also vitamins B1, B6 and B12 pre-treatment might lead to a protective effect against degenerative cellular in mice. In addition use of low dose of sodium valproate with vitamins C or E increase the anticonvulsant activity of the drug in mice. Moreover, Vitamin D enhances antiepileptic effects of lamotrigine, phenytoin and valproate in animal's models. Vitamin E has an anticonvulsant effect in ferrous chloride seizures, hyperbaric oxygen seizures as well as penicillin-induced seizures in contrast kindling, maximal electroshock and kainite models. Some researches demonstrated that vitamins D and B as adjunctive therapy in epileptic patient can relieve seizures. A clinical data have shown beneficial effects of vitamin E in raising total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. Only few clinical studies exist to support the efficacy of the vitamin A and K in epilepsy.

However vitamin therapy is not a substitute for antiepileptic drugs but add on therapy by them may relieve drugs- induced deficiencies as well as more researches are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamins in epileptic humans.

Currently, eating disorders is a concern of the World Health Organization. Because these disorders have highest mortality rate among mental illnesses devotes itself. Accordingly, the present study aims to determine the prevalence of eating disorders in high school students. The relationship between these disorders and cognitive emotion regulation and body image, which is known as a variable in social psychology. The study was a descriptive research study -correlation and three scores, Body image questionnaire (MBSRQ), eating disorders and cognitive emotion regulation has been used to collect data. Statistical population includes 300 female high school students who were selected as samples. The results showed that cognitive emotion regulation and body image and its dimensions have a significant relationship with eating disorders and dimensions between eating disorder symptoms and significant positive correlation with blaming others. In other words, variable the blame to others is the ability to predict eating disorder symptoms among female students as well. There is a significant negative correlation between satisfaction of eating disorder symptoms and evaluate the fit of the body. In other words, the increase in satisfaction with areas of the body and assess the appropriateness of the symptoms of eating disorders is reduced.