فصلنامه پژوهش در نظام های آموزشی
پیاپی 61 (تابستان 1402)

In the atmosphere of the fourth industrial revolution The fourth industrial revolution has faced fundamental changes in the conditions of societies, organizations and institutions such as universities, and universities need to examine the theoretical foundations in the future. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to identify and structurally analyze the drivers affecting the future of Iran's university education system in the environment of the fourth industrial revolution. The research is developmental-applicative in terms of its purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of its nature, and a mixed model (qualitative-quantitative) was used to collect data. After selecting the population and statistical sample, 59 scientific documents and 8 experts were selected as the research sample. In data analysis, data mining tools were used to identify drivers and Delphi technique and Micmac software were used for structural analysis of identified drivers. In the first stage of the findings, 9 drivers were identified, and in the second stage, the structural analysis results showed 2 influential drivers, 3 two-way drivers, 3 dependent drivers and 1 removable driver. The results of the research showed that The variables of "personalized teaching and learning", "big data", "Educational approach of MOOC" and "integration of knowledge and skills" are key factors shaping the future of Iran's university education system. It is expected that the results of this research will be an effective step in providing a structured and systematic interpretation of the main variables affecting the future of Iran's university education system and the relationships between them.

The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of flipped instruction method on disposition toward critical thinking (innovativeness, cognitive maturity and mental engagement) of students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the female students of the ninth grade of the first period of high school in the academic year of 2020-2021. To select the sample, first, using the available sampling method, two schools were selected from among the first secondary schools. Then, a 9th grade class was selected from each school and using random sampling method, the students of one of the classes were determined as the experimental group and the students of the other class as the control group. The students of the experimental group were taught using the flipped instruction method. Ricketts' (2003) critical thinking disposition questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of covariance. The findings showed that the flipped instruction method was effective on disposition toward critical thinking (innovativeness, cognitive maturity and mental engagement) of students and increased the disposition toward critical thinking (innovativeness, cognitive maturity and mental engagement) of students in experimental group. Therefore, the research hypothesis was confirmed (p<0.01). According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that the use of the flipped instruction method by teachers can be effective in increasing the disposition toward critical thinking (innovativeness, cognitive maturity and mental engagement) of students, and as a result, it can lead to better performance of students. In fact, the reverse education method is an effective way of teaching and learning in the world, which should become part of the comprehensive lifelong learning system in schools.

Psychological capital can be improved through educational interventions, but its improvement through learning empowerment has received less attention. The purpose of this research was to explain the lived experiences of school principals in improving the psychological capital of female high school students through learning empowerment. This study was based on a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenology method, with the study of 23 participants from among the principals of secondary schools for girls in the second year of secondary school in Tabriz city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling and 23 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached. the data analysis was done based on the seven-step strategy of Colaizzi. the findings show that the managers' lived experience of improving the psychological capital of female high school students through empowering learning in 3 themes and 23 sub-themes including: improving skills (self-confidence, self-esteem, self-development, self-leadership, self-regulation, self-evaluation, absorbing feedback, study skills, life skills), raising awareness and supportive learning atmosphere (counseling, psychological training, opportunities for interpersonal interactions in the classroom, positive classroom climate, independent learning, improving the quality of learning, need-based learning process, synergy in learning, meaningful learning), participation in class and school (participation in classroom management, participation in school management, team learning, team innovation, collective activities) can be categorized. It can be concluded that empowering learning through creating positive cognitive models in students provides improvement of their psychological capital.

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting prediction of dependence on social networks based on differentiation and emotional communication patterns in teenagers of Tehran city in 2022. This research was descriptive-correlational in terms of the type of applied goal and the method of data collection. The statistical population was 90,000 students of the second secondary level in the 22nd district of Tehran, and 300 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling based on Morgan's table. In order to collect data, the social network dependence questionnaire of Kajbaf, Sashabani, Nikbakht and Farahani (2016), the Revised Scale of Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) Kothner and Fitzpatrick (2002) and the self-differentiation questionnaire of Skavron, Friedland (1998) were used. In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression tests were used. The correlation results showed that all the correlation coefficients are significant (p<0.01). Based on the obtained results, the correlation between differentiation and dependence on social networks is significant (p<0.01). The correlation between conformity orientation with dependence on positive social networks is significant and the correlation between dialogue orientation with dependence on negative social networks is significant. According to the obtained results, the dependence on social networks can be explained by using predictive variables of differentiation and communication patterns. The results of this study can help educational specialists in examining adolescent issues.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of in-service training courses in a government bank. This is a descriptive study which has employed a survey to complete the research process. Further, as to the objective of the study, this is an applied research. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bank in-service training courses. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed based on the ROI model using one-sample t-test. Using a convenience sampling plan, 596 respondents completed the questionnaire. The results showed the participants’ relative satisfaction with the training courses. Some found the course content and presentation attractive and relevant to their job roles, and others stated that they are not satisfied enough with these courses. Still, another part of the results showed that there was not a significant change in the learning rate of the participants after the training courses, and their participation in the training courses did not result in a significant change in the learning rate. In addition, the results showed that despite the participants' criticisms about the courses and their relative satisfaction, they thought that these courses helped them solve some of their work problems and that the workflow in Bank was facilitated to some extent. In other words, the results indicated that these courses partially influenced the organization's work processes.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the lived experiences of new teachers of the challenges they face in the schools of Kurdistan province and to provide solutions to reduce these challenges. The research approach was descriptive with a critical paradigm and the phenomenological and documentary-library approach was used. The statistical population included all new elementary teachers with experience of one to five years (2017-2022) in Kurdistan province. Sampling was purposeful, and 21 new elementary school teachers were selected until saturation was reached. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview conducted by the researcher and the data analysis was done by deductive-inductive method and with the help of Van Manen's 4 stages. The findings showed that the challenges faced by new teachers were mostly centered around education, interaction with students, multi-level classes, online education, in-service courses, and curriculum content. And naturally, there are solutions in this direction and other prominent cases such as the effective use of active teaching methods, creative solutions in the educational field, increasing study related to the job field, teaching life skills, and general solutions related to the interaction of new teachers with parents and Improving your skills in the field of content analysis and e-learning by using them, you can be effective in your career. Therefore, it can be concluded that by investing in themselves and professional development training, new teachers can strengthen the knowledge, awareness, and skills necessary to become professional teachers. It is also recommended to educational planners design and implement more suitable programs to solve the challenges of new teachers.

The present research was carried out by the purpose of determining the relationship among organizational loyalty and social undermining by mediating of organizational commitment of school managers in Miandoab. It is applied research considering its purpose and regarding the method of data collection descriptive of correlational kind using modeling structural equations. The statistical population of the present study included all the managers of Miandoab schools in all grades of elementary, first period of high school, second period of high school, technical –professional instruction, vocational training in the educational year of 2021-2022 among them 262 people were selected by using relative class method. In order to collect the needed data, questionnaire of organizational loyalty of (Kumar & Shekhar, 2012) questionnaire of organizational commitment of (Belfor & Wechsler, 1996) questionnaire of social undermining of (Duffy et al, 2002) were used. In order to analyze data and examine causal relations among the variables, modeling structural equations were used. The results showed that organizational loyalty has significant negative relationship effect on social undermining (p<.01) and organizational commitment has significant negative relationship effect on social undermining (p<.01). Also, the mediating effect of organizational commitment in relationship between organizational loyalty and social undermining was confirmed (p<.01). Regarding the findings, it could be indicated that in order to control and decrease social undermining of school managers and avoid disruptive behaviors, considering the organizational commitment and organizational loyalty seems necessary.