Iranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023

This study examined the impact of inventory management on the profitability of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Specifically, the study determined the effect of inventory management on return on equity.  The data were sourced from annual published reports of ten selected companies. The data sourced were inventory, asset, revenue, equity, turnover, and profit after tax. The data collected were analyzed with panel data using random effect, fixed effect, regression, and correlation. The result showed that return on equity has a good correlation with inventory. Also, it was discovered from the analysis that according to the Fixed effect result, inventory positively affects return on equity. Still, the asset has a negative effect on Profitability. Turnover and equity have a significant positive effect on return on equity. Conclusively, inventory positively impacts return on equity in Nigerian manufacturing companies. It recommended that Nigerian manufacturing companies should not trivialize inventories but put more effort into the management of inventory so that the profitability of the company will be efficiently enhanced and increased at an increasing rate so that investors’ investment will be multiplied because rational investors discard unproductive company to accept the profitable companies.

This study aims to predict the aggregate of earnings and announcement returns with the help of this purpose, by a selection of Twitter social media as a media approved by the US Stock Exchange and Securities Organization, data related to 345 companies selected from the list of top 500 companies in the United States, for the four years 2016-2019 (Market participant tweets about sample companies from October 2015 to March 2020), extracted and used Was analyzed from Stata software. The results showed that the volume of earnings news published by companies on Twitter could predict earnings surprises, and the content of earnings news published by companies on Twitter can predict earnings surprises. The results also showed that the volume of earning news published by companies on Twitter could predict announcement returns and the content of earning news published by companies on Twitter can predict announcement returns. The results can also be considered a strategy in content analysis of market-quality news based on a list of specialized financial words.

This study aims to systematically review all studies on managerial ability in accounting and identify the gaps between them. The breadth and variety of recent studies highlight the significance of this literature review. We identified 110 relevant studies published from 1990 to 2022 through multiple international scientific search engines, which we reviewed and categorized into ten thematic classes: performance, capital market, reporting quality, audit, investment, dividend policy and cash management, tax, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, and miscellaneous. Our review shows that a considerable number of studies (43 out of 110) have focused on the relationship between firm performance, capital markets, and managerial ability due to the complex results in this field and various market perceptions of high-ability managers. However, few studies have explored the link between managerial ability, going concern, conservatism, and family firms. Moreover, most studies use Demerjian et al.'s (2012) model to measure managerial ability, which is an indirect method. Finally, we provide possible areas for improvement in the Demerjian et al. (2012) model and identify research gaps for future studies.

This research explains the relationship between performance-based budgeting characteristics and the integrated reporting approach in Iran's public sector. This research is applied research in terms of its purpose, quantitative research in terms of methodology, and descriptive and survey research in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population includes all experts related to planning and budgeting in the public sector and expert university professors. The determination sampling method is that 250 questionnaires were distributed among the community members and 64 questionnaires were analyzed due to the presence of complete information. Therefore, the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire based on the model provided by Pourghaffar et al. (2021 and 2022) with a 5-point Likert scale. The current research includes 6 hypotheses. SPSS and PLS software and structural equation analysis were used to analyze the hypotheses. The results showed 6 indicators in the hypotheses: legal requirements with the approach of government administration in the style of the private sector, strategic planning system, accounting and auditing system of management performance, information technology infrastructure with the perspective of organizational architecture and integrated systems, attention Human capital and incentive policies, the process approach and process management are directly related to the establishment of performance-based budgeting with an integrated reporting approach in the public sector of Iran. In other words, the government can use these indicators to achieve performance-based budgeting goals.

This study aims to investigate the effect of material sustainability investment on investment efficiency and to analyze how material sustainability moderates the relationship between accounting conservatism and investment efficiency. We examine the behavior of 104 listed firms in the TSE in four industries under the Extractives and Minerals Processing sector over six years from 2016 to 2021. Material Sustainability activities have been specified according to SASB standards and firms are scored according to disclosure of investing in these activities. The conservatism level has been measured using the accrual-based measure and the Q-Tobin measure is employed as a proxy for investment efficiency. The research findings indicate that firms investing more in material sustainability issues have higher efficiency. Furthermore, while the moderating role of material sustainability performance on the relationship between accounting conservatism and investment efficiency was not confirmed for the entire period study, the material sustainability investment intensified the relationship between conservatism and investment efficiency before the outbreak of COVID-19 (2016-2019).

This paper examines the relationship between mental well-being and knowledge sharing among independent auditors in Iran. It also determines the mediating effect of occupational attitudes on the relationship between mental well-being and knowledge sharing. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and is considered part of correlational descriptive research in terms of its nature; the sample includes 357 auditors who have been selected using the simple random sampling method. The extant study was implemented in 2022. The research hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling method and SmartPLS software. The results showed that mental well-being directly affects knowledge sharing and occupational attitudes. High mental well-being in auditors is a sign of their mental health, which leads to improved occupational attitudes and increases willingness to share knowledge. Also, mental well-being through occupational attitudes significantly impacts knowledge sharing. Independent auditors with positive attitudes toward life are more collaborative and willing to share knowledge. Thus, by influencing occupational attitudes, mental well-being among independent auditors impacts knowledge sharing with colleagues.

Due to limited cognitive resources, investors often utilize mental shortcuts to make quick judgments. This study examines the impact of representativeness heuristics (Conjunction Fallacy, Gambler's Fallacy, and Stereotypes) and the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) on investor decision-making. The population of this study consists of a sample of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The study employs a Chi-Square test (χ^2) to explore the relationship between heuristics and CRT, along with T-tests, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analyses to identify individual differences. Results indicate that proper utilization of cognitive resources can partially prevent the Conjunction Fallacy from occurring. Moreover, investors tend to consider the high probability of consecutive results for an event regardless of cognitive resource usage. Interestingly, this study also found that investors with lower CRT scores made decisions less influenced by stereotypes. We conclude that reducing the impact of representativeness heuristics can be achieved through knowledge and experience gained from similar situations and appropriately utilizing cognitive resources.