نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 87، شهریور 1402)

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between motivational beliefs and successful intelligence through the mediation of academic engagement. The research method Was descriptive-correlation based on Structural equation modeling. The study community included all high school girls' students of Shiraz City in 2022-2023, and among them, 545 students were selected as samples by the multi-stage cluster method. The research questionnaires included: the motivational strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ, pintrich, and Degroot, 1990), the successful intelligence questionnaire (SIQ, Sternberg, and Grigorenko, 2002), and the academic engagement scale (aes, reeve, & tseng, 2011). The findings showed that the model fit in well. Motivational beliefs and successful intelligence have a direct relationship. A positive relationship exists between motivational ideas and academic engagement and between academic engagement and successful intelligence (P<0.001). Also, intellectual engagement has mediated the relationship between motivational beliefs and successful intelligence (P<0.001). The research results show that motivational ideas and academic engagement play a key role in successful intelligence and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in education programs.

The aim of this research was to design a web-based project-based learning environment and to determine its impact on students' creativity in the fifth-grade science course. This research was conducted with a mixed method; The design components of a web-based project-based learning environment for creativity were extracted with thematic analysis and MAXQDA 2020 software. The statistical population was all fifth-grade students of Alborz City in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample consisted of 30 students selected in a stepwise cluster method and then randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. To implement this, a 30-day training program was conducted with a quasi-experimental method in the form of a pre-test and post-test plan with a control group. In this research, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (1998) were used. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS22 software were used to analyze quantitative data and test hypotheses. The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference in the level of fluency, elaboration, originality, and flexibility between the mean of the post-test of creativity in the two experimental and control groups (P<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that designing a project-based web-based learning environment affected the dimensions of students' creativity in the fifth-grade science course.

The phenomenon of parental burnout is a condition that causes mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion in parents. Various studies in recent years have confirmed the negative consequences of burnout on parents, children, families, and even the whole society. The present study was conducted with the aim of systematically reviewing the etiology of parental burnout by searching for articles indexed in Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed databases between 2017 and 2023 in order to clarify the direction of the research from VOSviewer 1.6.19 bibliometric software was also used. In general, the keywords parental burnout, parental exhaustion, maternal burnout, antecedents of parental burnout, and etiology of parental burnout were searched and based on the data obtained from the VOSviewer software and based on the Inclusion and exclusion criteria and using the Prisma checklist from Among the 110 searched articles, 14 articles were included in the research. The results of the analysis and evaluations showed that perfectionism, lack of emotion regulation, and personality traits (low agreeableness conscientiousness, and high neuroticism) which are fundamental factors related to parents, are effective in creating parental burnout. are. In the case of timely and correct identification of the effective factors causing parental burnout, it will be possible to prevent, modify, and manage it. It is hoped that by paying more attention to the concept of parental burnout and examining the role of antecedent factors and its consequences, the field of further research will be provided.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural pattern of difficulty in emotional regulation with conduct disorder based on mediating emotional and cognitive empathy in male adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the male students of the first secondary school in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022, 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire and had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on the purposive sampling method. the questionnaires were the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (DERS, Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and the Empathy Benefit Scale (EQ, Baron-Cohen, 2003). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and analysis of structural. The results of data analysis showed that the model has a good fit and there is a significant correlation & difficulty in regulating emotion and emotional & cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on the behavioral disorder(P<0.01). Also, difficulty in regulating emotion through the mediation of emotional and cognitive empathy has an indirect and significant effect on students' behavior disorder (P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of self-regulation of emotion can make it possible to achieve empathy in a person and act as an effective factor in reducing the symptoms of conduct disorder and increasing prosocial behavior in adolescents.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between learner's motivation and the acceptance rate of virtual learning and the mediating role of students' perceived usefulness. The design of this research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research was made up of all student teachers entering 2019 in the academic year of 2020-2021 in Khuzestan province which of these, 220 people were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected by Harter's academic motivation questionnaire (HAMS; Harter, 1981), perceived usefulness (PUS; Davis, 1989), and acceptance of virtual learning (ElAM; Teo, 2010) and were analyzed using path analysis. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the learner's motivation directly and positively affects students' acceptance of virtual learning (P<0.05).  Also, inclusive basis indirectly and through perceived usefulness has a positive effect on virtual learning acceptance (P<0.05). The fit index also showed that the study model had a good fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that perceived usefulness is mediating in the relationship between a learner's motivation and acceptance of virtual learning.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mentalization and emotional eating. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consists of overweight women with the age range of 20-50 years in the universities of Tehran city in the academic year 2022-2023. A total of 496 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The research tools were: Emotional Eating Scale (EES) by Arnow et al. (1995), the Short Form of Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF) by Raes et al. (2011), and the Mindfulness Questionnaire (MQ) by Fonagy et al. (1998). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed that the components of mindfulness (assurance and uncertainty) do not have a significant direct effect on women's emotional overeating (P>0.05), but they have a significant indirect effect on emotional eating through self-compassion (P<0.05). These results show that self-compassion, considering the role of mentalization, can explain emotional eating in overweight women.

The purpose of the current study was to study the mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between helicopter parenting and students' academic vitality. The research method was descriptive -correlation. Samples of this study were all the students of Eslamshahr University in the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021, and among them, 220 students were selected as samples by Purposive sampling. Research questionnaires included: the academic vitality questionnaire of Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari (AB, Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari, 2012), the perfectionism questionnaire of Frost et al. (FMP, Frost et al, 1990), and the helicopter parenting questionnaire of Limvin and Bachatan (HP, Limvin and Bachatan, 2011). For analyzing data we used the Pearson correlation test and path analysis. Findings showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between perfectionism and helicopter parenting with academic vitality(P<0.001). Also, the results showed helicopter parenting y had a negative and significant indirect effect role on students' academic vitality(P<0.001). The results showed that the research model provided the optimal fit to the data. Considering the effect of helicopter parenting and perfectionism on students' academic lives, it is suggested to focus on these two variables and increase parents' awareness of the effect of these variables on their children by holding courses and workshops for them.

The purpose of this study was to develop a perfectionism curriculum and feasibility assessment on cognitive emotion regulation in gifted school students. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental based on experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study included all students studying in gifted girls' schools in the city of Roodehen in the academic year 2019-2021 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and assigned in two groups randomly. The instrument used in this study was the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefesky and Crige, 2006). The obtained data were analyzed by covariance method. The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the mean of the post-test of managing positive emotions and managing negative emotions in the experimental and control groups. From the obtained results, it is concluded that for gifted students, by using educational approaches based on perfectionism, emotions can be directed in a positive direction and thus improve the success rate in various fields.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques derived from mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety, stress, and emotional control of stock exchange traders living in Tehran in 2019. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all stock market traders in 2019. For the sample size, 18 samples were taken from Cochran's table and for each group; which were selected by a non-probability method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al., 1988), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-42) (Peter and Sidney Lavibond, 1995), and the Emotional Control Questionnaire (ECQ) (Roger and Najarian, 1989). And finally, the data was analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean of the post-test variables of anxiety, stress, and emotional control in the two experimental and control groups in reducing anxiety and stress and increasing the emotional control of the experimental group. Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness techniques reduce the stress and anxiety of stock exchange traders and increase their emotional control.

The aim of this research was to predict acceptance of responsibility in mothers of intellectually disabled students. The current research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and correlational studies in terms of method. The statistical population included all the mothers of mentally retarded students in the age range of 6 to 18 years (about 900 people) who were studying in exceptional schools in Qazvin city in 2019-2020. Among them, 246 people were randomly selected as a sample. The tools of this research included the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Questionnaire (WSQ) (1984), King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI) (2008), and personality traits. The analysis method of this research was simultaneous regression analysis. The findings showed that flexibility and existential thinking can predict the acceptance of responsibility of mothers of students with mental disabilities and explain 3.9 of the variance of the acceptance of responsibility variable (p<0.05). It is concluded that flexibility and critical existential thinking play an essential role in predicting the acceptance of responsibility.

The research aimed to validate the Iranian version of the mood rhythm. The statistical population was all the students of Urmia University in 2022. The sample size in the present study was 340 people and they were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this way, 10 faculties were randomly selected among the faculties of Urmia universities. Then, 34 students were randomly selected from each faculty and completed the Revised Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRhI; De Oliveira et al., 2021 The analysis method of this research was factor analysis. Investigating construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale has a three-factor structure including cognitive, physical, and emotional. It has favorable fit indices (CFI=0.926, GFI=0.919, RMSEA=0.061, p < 0.001) for reliability using Koder Richardson's method for physical factor 0.79, cognitive factor 0.76, the emotional factor was 0.73 and the total number of questions was 0.82 (p < 0.001), which indicates the acceptable reliability of the mood rhythm instrument. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that this instrument has adequate validity and reliability in Iranian society and can be used to measure and screen circadian cycle disorders and for research and treatment purposes.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-analytical therapy in reducing anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This research was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up period with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who were referred to Shariati Hospital in the period of 2020-2021. The statistical sample included 45 of these patients who were selected purposefully. Then, 15 people were randomly assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. The first group received 8 sessions of metacognitive therapy and the second group received 16 sessions of analytical cognitive therapy each once a week, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The data were collected using the anxiety, stress, and depression scale of Leviband et al. (1995) (DASS-21). The research data was analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements). The results showed that in the post-test, there is a significant difference in anxiety between the two interventions of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-analytical therapy (p<0.05); On the other hand, a statistically significant difference was reported between metacognitive therapy and cognitive-analytical therapy with the control group (P<0.05). In other words, both methods have an effect on reducing anxiety and these two interventions have a significant difference in terms of effectiveness on this variable in patients with irritable bowel syndrome; These results were also seen in the follow-up of both interventions (p<0.05). It is concluded that both metacognitive therapy and analytical cognitive therapy were able to reduce anxiety, But cognitive analytical therapy was more effective in reducing anxiety; Therefore, this treatment can be used in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the psychological security of secondary school students based on childhood trauma and cognitive errors. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population included students in the second grade of high school in Behshahr in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was 421 people who were selected by random sampling method. Research tools include the psychological security questionnaire (PSI) Maslow's (1942), the Childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) Bernstein et al. (2003), and the cognitive errors questionnaire (CDQ) Abdullahzadeh and Salar (2009). The results of the simultaneous entry regression test showed that among the research variables emotional abuse (P=0.001), physical abuse (P=0.001), sexual abuse (P=0.001), sexual neglect (P=0.001), and cognitive errors (P=0.001) predictors are significant for psychological security, but emotional neglect was not a significant predictor for students' mental security (P=0.96). Also, the results showed that the predictor variables were able to predict 0.45 of the variance of the psychological security variable of the second-level secondary school students. The result of this research shows that attention to childhood trauma and cognitive errors by psychologists and school counselors can help to explain the psychological security of students.

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and Instagram addiction with the mediating role of perceived social support in college students. This was a descriptive, correlational study that was conducted in the statistical population of students of Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Branch, in 2023. 270 people participated in this research in a convenience sampling method using an online survey. In order to collect data from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein et al., 2003) to the Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS) (Kircaburun & Griffiths, 2018) and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) (Zimet et al., 1988) was used. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling and bootstrap tests. The proposed model had a good fit and 53% of changes in Instagram addiction were influenced by traumatic childhood experiences and Perceived social support. Direct effects of traumatic childhood experiences on social support, traumatic childhood experiences on Instagram addiction, and social support on Instagram addiction It was significant; Also, the mediating role of social support in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and Instagram addiction was significant (P<0.05). People who experience traumatic experiences in childhood may seek refuge in cyberspace to meet their communication needs due to not receiving enough social support.

The aim of the research investigate the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization in the relationship between object relations and non-suicidal self-injury of students. This research was a fundamental and descriptive correlation study. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch in 2022, among them 451 were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants answered the test of object relations-short form (TOR-SF; Barberis et al. 2020), inventory of personality organization (IPO; Igarashi et al. 2009), difficulties in emotion regulation scale short form (DERS-SF; Kaufman et al. 2016) and self-harm inventory (SHI; Sansone et al. 1998). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the model is a good fit. The direct effect of object relations (P<0.05), difficulties in emotion regulation (P<0.01), and personality organization (P<0.01) on non-suicidal self-injury is not significant. The indirect effect of object relations with the mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization on non-suicidal self-injury is significant (P<0.01). The difficulties in emotion regulation and personality organization can play an indirect role in increasing the effects of object relations on non-suicidal self-injury. The use or development of appropriate educational and therapeutic interventions in this field can help reduce non-suicidal self-injury.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group counseling based on acceptance and commitment to family functioning and marital intimacy of women referring to a family counseling center in Qom City. The present research method was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the women who were referred to the family counseling center in the city of Qom due to marital and family problems in the second six months of 1401. Using the purposeful sampling method, 30 people were randomly selected and placed in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group received group counseling based on acceptance and commitment in 8 sessions, each session lasting 90 minutes and once a week. Research tools included Family Functioning Questionnaires (FAD) by Epstein et al. (1993) and Marital Intimacy Needs (MINQ) by Bagarozi (2001). The research data was analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference at the level of 0.01 between the mean of the post-test of family functioning and marital intimacy in the two experimental and control groups. The findings show that group counseling based on acceptance and commitment can improve family functioning and marital intimacy in women with marital and family problems.

The aim of this research was to investigate the role of psychological disturbances and cognitive flexibility in predicting the psychological well-being of adolescents in the era of Corona. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The study community included all high school students in the 6th district of Tehran in 2019-2020, among them 295 students were selected as samples by available sampling. The data were collected using Ryff Scales (1989) for Psychological well-being (PWB), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaire (CFI), and Lovibond and Lovibond's (1995) Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that psychological disturbances, that is, anxiety, depression, and stress have a negative relationship with the psychological well-being of adolescents during the Corona era (p<0/01), while there was a positive relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being (p<0/01). 46% of the total variance in the psychological well-being of adolescents during the Corona era was explained by psychological disturbances and cognitive flexibility (p<0/01). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the psychological well-being of adolescents during the Corona era is influenced by their cognitive flexibility level and the psychological disturbances they experience during this period.

The present study was conducted to provide a structural model of extramarital relationships based on cognitive schemas and alexithymia with the mediation of family function in Gonbad-e Kavus city. The research method was a descriptive correlation of the path analysis type. The statistical population consisted of married men and women who were referred to counseling centers in Gonbadkavus City in 2022, from which 200 people were selected through available sampling. The research tools include the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008), the Young Schematic Questionnaire (YSQ) (Yang, 2005), the Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20) (Bagby et al., 1994) and the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD-60) (Epstein et al., 1950). The results of the path analysis indicated the optimal fit of the model. The results of the path analysis indicated the optimal fit of the model. The findings showed that the direct effect of none of the cognitive schemas on extramarital relationships was insignificant. However, the other orientation schema indirectly and significantly affects extramarital relations by mediating family function (P<0.01). Emotional dyslexia significantly affects extramarital relationships, both directly and indirectly (P<0.01). The dimensions of identifying, expressing, and introspection have a negative and significant indirect effect on extramarital relationships through the mediation of family functioning (P<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive schemas indirectly affect extramarital relationships by mediating family functioning, but emotional dyslexia is directly and indirectly effective.

The purpose of this research was to predict child maltreatment based on lockdown fatigue, stress tolerance, and conflict resolution styles of mothers during the coronavirus pandemic period. The statistical population of the research included all mothers of Golestan province with children aged 12 and under in 2021. 417 people were selected by the available sampling method. Data collection tools included Labrague et al.'s lockdown Fatigue Scale (2020, LFS), Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (2005, DTS), Rahim's Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (1994, ROCI-II), and Mohammadkhni et al.'s Self-reported Child Abuse Scale (2005, SCAS). Pearson's correlation coefficient test and stepwise regression analysis test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between lockdown fatigue (r=0.239; P>0.01), distress tolerance (r=0.194; P>0.01), and conflict resolution styles (P>0.01) of mothers during the corona pandemic period, with children maltreatment. In addition, predictor variables predict a total of 32.7% of the changes in the children's maltreatment during the coronavirus pandemic period. According to the results, paying attention to lockdown fatigue, stress tolerance, and conflict resolution styles will facilitate the reduction of child maltreatment.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-fear in the relationship between mindfulness and panic among students. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the research was formed by the students of Tabriz University in 1401. A number of 213 students were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The research tools were: the Panic Belief Questionnaire (PBI) by Greenberg (1989), the Fear of Self Questionnaire (FSQ) by Aradma et al. (2013), and the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) by Baer et al. (2006). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the research model is a good fit. The results showed that the action components with awareness and non-judgment have a significant direct effect on students' panic (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the components of non-reaction and non-judgment have a significant indirect effect on panic due to fear of self in students (P<0.05), but the three components of observation, description, and non-reaction did not show a significant indirect effect (P<0.05). These results show that self-fear can explain panic in students according to the role of mindfulness.