نشریه مطالعات شبهه پژوهی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

Recognizing doubts and answering them in the Qur'an and hadiths, as well as from the point of view of reason, is very important, and defense in the special sense of the word is referred to this work. For this reason, Islamic theologians have paid more attention to this part of the defensive aspect of theology and have written many books to refute the doubts of the opponents. But what is more important and has received less attention is the methodology of answering doubts. There is a large amount of religious texts available, in which one can carefully find the principles, rules and methods governing the answer space of the Qur'an and The Prophet’s House to questions and doubts. The purpose of answering the belief doubts are: preventing the weakening of the belief teachings of Islam; removing the obstacles to accepting the right belief from people's minds; expressing new dimensions of religious teachings; Designing new arguments and strengthening the speaker's mind and empowering him to answer similar doubts. In order to answer the doubt, the respondent must consider conditions, some of which include: recognizing of religious beliefs, expertise in the subject area in question, dominating the content of the doubt, mastery of response methods; to be skilled in debate and conversation.

The phenomenon of atheism, as one of the intellectual, cultural, religious and political currents of the first centuries of Islam, denied the existence of God and other Islamic principles. There have been different encounters with the mentioned phenomenon; but the way of confronting The Prophet’s House is important due to their high scientific and spiritual status. In addition to expressing the concept of the term heresy and atheism, as well as the overview of the history of this phenomenon in the Islamic era, the present research tries to extract the way The Prophet’s House faced the phenomenon of atheism by forming a hadith family, examining and analyzing the narrative reports. The method of discovery in this issue is library method and the method of evaluation is rational analytic.The guiding encounter of The Prophet’s House in two theoretical and practical dimensions, taking into account the intellectual capacity of the audience, using the three methods of best contention, rhetoric and argumentation, making staff and continuous educational follow-up, and taking advantage of the audience's expertise in instilling knowledge are among the most important findings of the current research.

Muslims consider the Qur'an to be a revelatory and authentic source for planning their lives; however, audience's non-authentic understanding and conceptions of the Qur'an in the fields of life have sometimes caused doubts. These doubts are sometimes the result of neglecting or ignoring the rules of understanding the Qur'an in the field of understanding vocabulary and not applying the rules of understanding vocabulary, and sometimes the result of incorrect use of these rules. Part of this damage is also to the planning of political life and the audience’s efforts to obtain the political teachings of the Qur'an to manage political life; In such a way that the non-application of these rules or their incorrect application has sometimes led to the presentation of incorrect political conception. Among the results of this research, it can be explained that: 1) The pathology of the existing political conceptionsy. 2) Religious system needs a valid understanding of the Qur'an in the field of social and political life. 3) From another point of view, by completing this type of research in different fields of literary rules and other rules, it is finally possible to reach a part of the comprehensive criteria of reviewing and criticizing and validating the political recommendations of other schools and evaluating or refining and rejecting and accepting them is provided.

Suspicious people and currents use various raw materials and methods to transfer their ideas in the process of making doubts. In order to respond to epistemological doubts, discovering approaches, methods and components of messages containing doubts has a fundamental role in providing solid answers. Among the aforementioned approaches, fallacy methods are very popular. Discovering the fallacies in a suspicious proposition is one of the important elements in answering doubts. Fallacies in a general division are divided into vocabulary and non-vocabulary categories. The meaning of the first category is fallacies that occur due to a skewed understanding of the appearance of nouns, forms or multiple uses of the same concept in a sentence. The result of this article is that the opponents of Islam and Shiism have used various types of vocabulary fallacies such as to consider figurative meaning as truth, disregarding the ceremonial meaning, taking advantage of verbal community, structural ambiguity and resorting to generalizations.

One of the most effective methods in answering and explaining Islamic teachings in the Qur'an is "reminder". On the one hand, this method is the factor and foundation for guiding and changing the behavior of people, and on the other hand, it can be the result and goal for other methods proposed in Islamic teaching. By applying this method, people become aware of their enteral possessions, and more than they achieve awareness and understanding of the truth based on external factors and perceptions outside of their existence, their enteral and rational possessions they find. Applying and paying attention to this Quranic method and principle can be very effective and efficient in answering questions and doubts and explaining divine knowledge. Missionary and cultural centers and centers for answering doubts should rebuild this method based on modern methods in contemporary conditions and new questions facing the contemporary society and acquire the necessary skills to realize it.

Re-reading the words and speeches of the professor Qara’ati to a large extent tells some of their characteristics in the field of answering doubts, which can help the strategic model of others. From one point of view, four index components can be extracted from the Qara’ati's answers. 1. Regarding "Techniques and Style of Answering Doubts": Attention to the analogical technique of the components with the age and type and requirements of the audience, using the Qur'an as a method of interpreting the Qur'an as well as using it. 2. attention to substantial and documented scientific tools: Here we see that he is not limited to raw and narrative interpretative sources, as he cites Arabic literature, evidence and intellectual and narrative analysis.3. Not neglecting the "ethology of doubt": in some cases, with or without mentioning the names and logos of well-known intellectual groups and on the thought and consciousness of the society, responding to the doubts of these currents, especially in many cases, using original texts and accepted by the same groups, they expressed.4. Paying attention to the valuable elements of "location and chronology" in response to doubts: this indicator is more important than scientific mastery and efficiency.