Journal of Research and Health
Volume:13 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted positively and negatively a variety of industries, including the food industry [1-3]. Meanwhile, the food industry is more affected by this disease compared to other industries because of its wide relationship with the household and the community. Various places, such as restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, and schools were either closed during this period or did not provide services same as in the past. As a result, many blows were inflicted on such industries. The demand for food by households decreased during this period and caused a part of the food market to be lost [4]. Global average prices for a variety of food products increased by 2% to 9% with half of the tracked goods rising by 7% or more [5].

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is a global health challenge that requires continuous care. Non-pharmaceutical interventions in controlling and treating type 2 diabetes can be less costly and have fewer complications. Accordingly, this study identifies non-pharmaceutical interventions in controlling and treating type 2 diabetes through systematic review. 

This study is a systematic review of the papers published in non-pharmaceutical interventions to control and treat type 2 diabetes. The authors have used the standard guideline of systematic review (PRISMA). A total of 41 papers were selected from 529 full-text articles published between 2014 and 2020. The search included the electronic data banks, including Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and the Google Scholar search engine.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions were classified into four categories: Lifestyle, treatment devices, traditional treatment, and education. The results showed that lifestyle modification is the most effective non-pharmaceutical intervention for treating type 2 diabetes.

Study findings show that applying non-pharmaceutical interventions effectively controls and prevents type-2 diabetes complications. Education is a part that needs to be given more attention. 

Increasing the desire to have children is an important priority of the healthcare systems, which requires targeted planning. This paper describes the development of an intervention program using an intervention mapping approach (IMA) to increase the childbearing desires.

From July to November 2022, the steps of the IMA process were completed. Starting with needs assessment, in this stage, we conducted a literature review, created focus groups, and conducted interviews with local stakeholders; meanwhile, the program objectives and the target audience were determined. Then, the road map for targeted interventions was prepared.

The needs assessment completed questionnaires (n=1288), the literature review, 3 focus groups (n=25 participants), in addition to interviews (n=30 participants) indicated that the most effective factors in the parents’ childbearing low desires were concern about the future of their children, economic problems, low parenting skills, and low skills to interact with their spouse. According to the PRECEDE-PROCEED model awareness, attitude, and self-efficacy were categorized as determinants at the individual level, perceived subjective norm at the family level, and organizational changes at the social level based on the results of the needs assessment. The findings from each step of the process informed successive steps.

The IMA is a control-oriented, systematic, participation-based technique to design and implement targeted and ongoing health promotion programs. 

The essential strategies to avoid diabetes complications are lifelong health education and self-care. This study determines the impacts of an educational intervention based on a health belief model.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes using convenience sampling. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n=55) and control groups (n=55). A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. The healthy behaviors were measured again after 3 and 6 months, and the data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 20.

The mean value of perceived susceptibility boosted in the intervention group from 18.94 before the training to 22.90 and 22.3 after 3 and 6 months of the intervention, respectively. The mean score perceived severity increased in the intervention group to 31.30 and 31.42 after 3 and 6 months of the intervention, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean score of perceived benefits increased in the intervention group from 10.06 before the training to 11.61 and 13.32 after 3 and 6 months of the intervention, respectively. The mean score of perceived barriers decreased in the intervention group from 19.50 before the training to 13.35 and 12.21 after 3 and 6 months of the intervention, respectively. The mean score of perceived self-efficacy boosted in the intervention group from 24.16 before the training to 29.44 and 29.48 after 3 and 6 months of the intervention, respectively. The mean value of cues to action boosted in the intervention group from 20.15 before the training to 22.2 and 23.2 after 3 and 6 months of the intervention, respectively.

The results demonstrated the importance of designing educational programs based on the health belief model constructs over 3 and 6 months in adopting healthy behaviors by subjects with type 2 diabetes. 

Difficulty regulating emotion has been identified as a trans-diagnostic factor common to various psychiatric diagnoses and behavior problems. This study aims to implement emotion regulation training techniques on adolescents with a disruptive mood disorder, emphasizing the irritability, alexithymia, and interpersonal issues in adolescents with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

This quasi-experimental research used a pre-test and post-test design on 30 disruptive mood disorders in Tehran City, Iran, from 2022 to 2023. The participants were selected via simple purposive sampling. They were randomly assigned to two 15-member groups (experimental and control). The intervention group received self-regulation training over two months through eight 90-min group therapy sessions, whereas the control group received no treatment. The data were collected using the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), and the inventory of interpersonal problems short-version. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software, version 25, and the multivariate analysis of covariance.

As indicated by the results, a significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of irritability (F=26.45, P=0.001, η=0.695), alexithymia (F=38.91, P=0.001, η=0.781), and interpersonal problems (F=31.27, P=0.001, η=0.734). Moreover, according to the alexithymia’s largest effect size (0.781), emotion regulation training had more effect on alexithymia.

Based on the results, emotion regulation training can be implemented effectively in clinics and psychological treatment centers. Also, because of using emotion regulation training, it is possible to improve these people’s psychological characteristics and social relations. It is also suggested that relevant organizations train specialists and school counselors accordingly. 

Failure to establish and maintain close romantic relationships with commitment can hinder an individual’s development and impose adverse effects on their well-being in life due to the potential emergence of serious problems. The present study investigates the relative effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and schema therapy on love trauma syndrome and self-compassion in unmarried girls with emotional breakdowns. 

The statistical population of this study included all unmarried girls with emotional breakdowns who visited counseling centers in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran, in 2022. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 45 individuals randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (n=15 per group). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pre-test-post-test design with a control group design and follow-up. The love trauma inventory and the self-compassion scale–short form were used to collect the data. The analysis of covariance was used for data analysis in the SPSS software, version 26.

The results indicated that ACT and schema therapy significantly affected the love trauma syndrome and self-compassion in unmarried girls with emotional breakdowns (P<0.001). Moreover, schema therapy had more significant effects than ACT on the participants’ love trauma syndrome and self-compassion (P<0.001). The results also demonstrated that the effectiveness of act and schema therapy on self-compassion and love trauma syndrome continued until the follow-up phase.

Schema therapy is a more appropriate method for addressing the love trauma syndrome and self-compassion in unmarried girls with emotional breakdowns. Based on these results and considering the role of schema therapy, it is possible to help women with emotional breakdowns to enjoy self-compassion and reduce their love trauma syndrome by holding schema therapy sessions. 

With the onset of the first wave of COVID-19 in Iran, along with the preventive quarantines, children who had to stay at home were in contact with drugs, alcohol, and disinfectants. This study compares the prevalence rates of poisoning for children and adolescents hospitalized during the first wave of COVID-19 to the previous year (pre-COVID-19 period in 2019).

This analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted based on the administrative data obtained from the referral teaching hospital in Yazd and Taft cities, Iran. This study was conducted on children under the age of 15 years who were admitted to the hospital because of poisoning. The study was conducted from February 19, 2020, to February 18, 2021 (12 months during the COVID-19 pandemic) compared to 2019 as the reference period (pre-COVID-19). The data were analyzed by the SPSS software, version 20.

Multivariate regression analysis showed that by adjusting the effects of age and sex, the chance of alcohol poisoning (odd ratio [OR]=0.3, P=0.03), poisoning with oil and its derivatives (OR=0.33, P=0.05), and drugs-opioids poisoning in the period before the outbreak of COVID-19 was lower than during the outbreak of COVID-19. Additionally, the chance of poisoning with medications in the period before the outbreak of COVID-19 was 67% higher than during the outbreak of COVID-19 (OR=1.67, P=0.01).

The results indicated a significant increase in poisoning with alcohol, drugs-opioids, oil, and its derivatives in children and adolescents in Yazd City, Iran, during the 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

A precision healthcare approach is needed in the context of the healthcare system, especially as an effort to improve the self-management activities of diabetes patients. Accordingly, this study explores the perception of the possibility of implementing a precision healthcare program in hospitals through interviews with policymakers and health professionals.

The purposive sampling via one-on-one, in-depth semi-structural interviews was conducted to collect the data in this study. The data saturation was achieved after interviewing 17 policymakers and health professionals in the selected hospitals. The participants discussed the possibility of a program being implemented in Indonesia and the challenges to implementing the program, as well as discovering the solutions. The narratives were analyzed by the Colaizzi phenomenological analytic method.

The three themes that were identified to illustrate the perception of the possibility of implementing precision health care programs at hospitals in Indonesia were as follows: 1) Precision health care for diabetes related to genetics, big data, and patient preference; 2) Barriers to implementing precision health care in Indonesian hospitals; and 3) The implementation of precision health care succeeded step by step.

More time is needed to implement Indonesia’s precision healthcare concept. It requires time; however, applying the concept has great potential to be developed in reducing the risk of complications caused by diabetes mellitus in the future. 

Food waste is a severe problem, and Indonesia is the world’s second-largest producer of food waste. A limited waste management system will decrease environmental quality, such as air, water, and soil pollution. So far, the waste management system is limited to reducing waste generation. The life cycle assessment is a method to analyze environmental aspects or environmental impacts at all stages in a resource’s life cycle, from the initial process of raw materials to disposal. This study aims to analyze the environmental impact and provide waste management policies to obtain sustainable household waste management and environmental sustainability. 

The study design used in this research is cross-sectional by conducting direct observations and interviews at the Waste Bank. Interviews were conducted to identify more in-depth findings about waste management problems and the characteristics of respondents and waste characteristics. Observations were made to calculate waste generation that refers to Indonesian national standard methods of sample collection and measurement of urban waste generation and composition (SNI 19-3694-1994.) The sampling technique was carried out by the total sampling method, resulting in 100 households. 

The research results with organic waste processing with the black soldier fly method. This method impacts global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and ozone depletion. Of the four elements that produce the most negligible impact is the impact of global warming of 0.281 kg CO2 eq compared to the other effects.

BSF processing can reduce environmental impacts, especially global warming. Meanwhile, education affects people’s behavior in generating food waste; therefore, there are policy recommendations for Waste Bank stakeholders in processing food waste.