فصلنامه علوم و فنون نظامی
پیاپی 64 (تابستان 1402)

The war environment is a conflict situation and operations research is one of the used techniques to make decisions in different battle conditions. In this article, game theory is used to model the conflict situation, which is one of the widely used methods in the military field. In this article, after modeling the problem as a matrix game, a hierarchical analysis method is proposed to determine the payoffs and prioritize the outputs of the game. On the other hand, due to the fact that in the real world information is presented in an imprecise and ambiguous way, Neutrosaphic collections have been used to express this information. A method of solving the hierarchical analysis problem with Neutrosaphic data is proposed and then solving the game problem with the outputs of the hierarchical analysis method is discussed. To solve the matrix game problem with neutrosaphic payoffs, the concept of nearest interval approximation of the generalized triangular neutrosaphic fuzzy number is used and the game model is written as a problem with interval payoffs. In the following, a method is proposed to solve this game problem. Finally, the solution of a practical example in military problems has been investigated with the proposed method. To solve this problem, two optimistic and pessimistic problems have been proposed for each player, and by solving these problems, the optimal solutions of the players are obtained in two optimistic and pessimistic states. Efficiency and simplicity in the problem solving method as well as the ability to develop the proposed method to game problems with interval-type payoffs are among the results of this research.

This research was carried out to provide a model for evaluating the cyber offensive power of the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The implementation method of this research is descriptive, by applied type, which is done with a mixed approach. Seven experts from the army's cyberspace were selected for interviews to theoretical saturation by purposeful sampling. The statistical population for the questionnaire included some staff of the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran with at least a bachelor's degree in the cyber science. In addition, they have served at least 10 years in cyber career positions. the statistical population included 79 people, so the census method was used to distribute the questionnaires. First, document study and interviews were used to collect data. After that, the questionnaire was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha. Qualitative data analysis was done using content analysis method and quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software       
Manpower, cyber complexity, cyber weapons and cyber situational awareness are the most important components that the finding of this research were 12 indicators for evaluating cyber offensive power. It also provided a model to evaluate the cyber offensive power of the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran.   
This model illustrates that the autonomy of the cyber weapon should be considered by the manufacturers in the design and construction of cyber weapons (embodied and disembodied). On the other hand, quality of manpower with a wide range of technical skills, creativity, who have high situational awareness with proper training, is necessary to use these weapons and overcome cyber complexities.

The current research was carried out with the aim of  pathology f the defense equipment maintenance system in the popular  units of a military organization and analyzing the gap between the current and desired situation.

According to the purpose, this article is an applied research, and from the point of view of the way it was collected, it is considered descriptive and analytical, which is carried out with a survey method. The sustainable resistance maintenance strategy was chosen as the based model and with its development and localization, a questionnaire was distributed to measure the importance and performance of the factors included in the aforementioned list and distributed among the sample group. The statistical population includes 120 people from the deputies of readiness and support, network managers and munitions repair experts in the investigated units. The statistical sample of the research is 92 people who were selected by stratified sampling. Data analysis was done using one-sample t-test, Friedman test and importance-performance gap analysis.

The findings of the research indicate the existence of pathology in the dimensions of "training and human resources", "maintenance and repair management processes and systems", "management of maintenance and supply of parts and consumables", "budget and credit management" and "non-unit maintenance and repairs". "In the current system of keeping weapons in the units under study. The most problem was observed in the area of ​​budget and credits.

Based on the findings of the research, it was concluded that the commanders and maintenance  department managers in the studied units should improve the salary structure and provide the required spare parts in order to provide enough spare parts for middle level maintenance of the military equipment more than any other issue.

The main goal of this research is to present the model of cyber resilience of defense systems and its sub-goals are to explain the cyber threats of defense systems, and to explain the dimensions, components and indicators of cyber resilience of defense systems.
The current research is categorized as descriptive/analytical research with an exploratory perspective. Data collection was done using the grounded theory method and interview tool, and the questionnaire tool was used to determine the importance of the indicators and select the final indicators. In order to check the significance of the relationship between dimensions, components and indicators, factor analysis method and Smart P.L.S. software was used. The statistical population of the research includes 30 experts in this field and the sample population is considered as a whole number.
The cyber resilience model of defense systems was presented in the dimensions of supervision and leadership with 4 components and 21 indicators, control dimension with 4 components and 16 indicators, process and operation dimension with 3 main components and 17 indicators. The factor loading coefficients for the three mentioned dimensions were obtained as 0.921, 0.917 and 0.926, respectively, which is a sign of the high importance of these factors in increasing cyber resilience.
Cyber resilience of defense systems includes measures that defense organizations must take to resist cyber incidents and recover quickly after interruptions. Therefore, in order to be able to resist attacks, incidents or cyber threats, defense systems must be resilient in the three dimensions of supervision and leadership, control and automation, as well as the dimension of process and operations.

One of the most important tasks of human resources management in the army is to cultivate efficient and capable forces that can provide the defense needs of the country in the field of human resources according to the existing threats. In this sense, the quality of the trained forces in this organization, which indicates the proportionality of these resources with threats, is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the organization. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of organizational and extra-organizational factors on employee empowerment, and the organizational learning variable played a moderating role in the causal relationship between organizational factors and empowerment.

The target population of this research includes all the employees of the Artillery and Missile Training Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, 178 of whom were selected and studied through three questionnaire tools: organizational factors, organizational learning, and empowerment. For data analysis, descriptive correlation strategy and structural equation model were used with the help of SPSS and Smart PLs3 statistical software.

Based on the findings, the variable of organizational learning strengthens the causal relationship between the variable of organizational factors and empowerment, which shows the importance of this variable in adjusting the relationship between organizational and external factors and empowering employees.

The result of the research indicates the confirmation of the effect of organizational factors on empowerment and the rejection of the effect of non-organizational factors on the empowerment of the studied employees. Meanwhile, the moderator of organizational learning has strengthened the causal relationship between the two variables of organizational factors and empowerment, which shows the importance of this moderator in the process of improving employee empowerment. Has it

By using effective factors in the design of safe structures, it is possible to create a suitable level of protection for Nahaja fighter planes in the environment of future battles; in such a way that they are hidden and safe from detection and damage sensors and advanced weapons of the enemy. Therefore, in this research, the factors affecting the design of the safe structures of Nahaja fighter planes have been identified and explained with the approach of physical defense.

The type of applied-developmental research is a descriptive-case study method with a mixed approach. The statistical population of the study included all experts and experts of the military apparatus who are familiar with the topics of passive defense. Using purposive sampling method, 30 people were selected as the sample. Data collection tools included interviews, questionnaires, and standard documents whose validity was confirmed by content validity and their reliability by Cronbach's alpha.

Based on the data analysis, the most influential components of the independent variable are location; Related to territorial planning with an average of 4/533 and a variance of 0/315, and the lowest impact related to technical and engineering factors with an average of 4/1 and a variance of 0.83, the highest impact of independent variable components of architectural principles and techniques related to interior architecture design with an average of 47 4.4 and variance 0.38 and the lowest effect related to multi-purpose use with an average of 3.13 and variance 1.18, the highest effect of the component in the field of using electrical facilities with an average of 4.43 and variance 0.57 and the lowest effect related to using the fire alarm system with a mean of 4.33 and a variance of 0.56.

Failure to observe the factors affecting the design of safe structures of  Nahaja fighter jets with the physical defense approach, in addition to the vulnerability of these places during the threat, leads to irreparable damage.

The privileged geographical and geopolitical position of the oceanic coastal areas plays an important role in enhancing the power and ensuring the security of countries. Today, the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of oceanic coastal areas is increasing. These regions have a significant impact on their geopolitical status and position in international relations. This research has been done with the aim of explaining the role of Iran's coastal region in the Indian Ocean on national security.

The research is fundamental and applied, its method is descriptive-analytical. In order to collect data and information, a combined method (library and field) has been used, using survey tools, questionnaire and observation.

In the field method, the validation statistical population consisted of 12 faculty members specializing in the field of research, and the evaluation statistical population consisted of 54 experts. Data and information analysis has been done using SmartPLS software

The results of the research show that the geographical and geopolitical characteristics of the combined oceanic coastal areas (water and land), through the influence on the development indicators and also change the national power of the country, in the form of seven spatial-spatial, political, economic, cultural, social, and environmental factors. and military influence on national security. The dimensions, components and indicators of the impact of Iran's oceanic coastal region on national security have been counted, weighted, ranked and drawn in the form of a structural equation model in the form of 79 indicators.

In Hybrid warfare, logistics plays a fundamental and key role in improving combat readiness and the operational superiority of forces on the battlefield. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the effective factors on improving the logistical readiness of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in future combined wars.

Considering that the present research seeks to conceptualize and complete the theoretical foundations of the studied phenomenon, it is exploratory in terms of its purpose, and in terms of methodology, it is qualitative with meta-synthesis method. The statistical population of the research consists of valid qualitative studies published in the field of military logistics preparation from 2010 to 2022.

Based on the data analysis, 5 components including mobilization of integrated resources, expertise in operational planning, stability of the supply chain, mental preparation and operational agility were extracted as effective factors in improving the logistics readiness of AJA in future combined wars.

Originality:

 In combined wars, logistics readiness can be achieved through targeted planning of logistics resources and facilities and the creation of a combined logistics system based on the considerations and indicators of combined warfare, including the improvement of the mental readiness of human capital, integration, speed of action, flexibility and safety in operations. therefore, military logistics readiness requires a paradigm shift and a transition from the classic logistics command to mixed logistics

The current research is looking for a framework for cyber security governance architecture in defense organizations with a balanced managerial and technical view that considers cyber security not only a set of new techniques and tools from a technical and engineering point of view and does not deal with cyber security only from a managerial point of view.

The research method is a combination (qualitative and quantitative) whose qualitative phase is done by content analysis and its quantitative phase is based on the findings of the qualitative phase and with the questionnaire tool, and the findings are placed in a Zackman framework.

In today's world and accordingly in organizations; Capitals, assets and resources of organizations are transforming and changing their nature towards cyber capitals, so governments and organizations are well aware of the increasing role and importance of these capitals and are making significant efforts in this regard. On the other hand, cyber threats are widespread, growing and real, and as examples were seen recently in our country, cyber disputes among countries and governments are expanding and are very decisive. This matter is much more important and serious in defense organizations.

Originality: 

Finally, an architectural framework of cyber security governance in defense organizations is presented so that these organizations can achieve the security of the organization in the cyberspace with a comprehensive, structural and proactive view and beyond the managerial, technical and limited perspectives and the existing lack of convergence towards To promote integrity and orderliness.

According to the job and mission requirements of the military, they should engage in physical and sports activities. Therefore, this research seeks to answer this question, what is the appropriate model for maintaining and improving the combat power of the Iranian armed forces personnel with a focus on physical fitness? This research is mixed in terms of the purpose of application and the method of doing it. The participants in this research were managers and expert commanders in the field of sports in the armed forces. The sampling method was purposeful. The theoretical saturation method was used to estimate the sample size. Data collection tools included interviews and questionnaires. Qualitative analysis and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the causal factors include: financial, humanitarian, scientific and scientific, educational and research and planning. background conditions including psychological, demographic, structural and behavioral; The main axis includes martial power and championship sports. While the intervening conditions include equipment and facilities and technology; Strategies include structural, economic, social, international, legal, and standardization. These factors will create 12 desirable outcomes. Creating a suitable platform for the development of employees in the field of sports, development of sports infrastructure, development of public sports based on scientific principles and compilation of physical fitness indicators can be among the factors that help maintain and increase the physical fitness of employees in improving the combat power of Iran's armed forces.