نشریه تحقیقات بذر
پیاپی 44 (پاییز 1401)

In order to evaluate the effect of autumn and spring sowing and fertilizer on moisture content and flavonoid content and germination seed of Lallemantia (Lallemantia royleana Benth.) during grain filling, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in Research Field of Medicinal Plant Research Center of Shahed University in 2014 croppin year. The factors were sowing date autumn (15 October) and spring (15 February) and chemical fertilizer (without fertilizer, half doze of fertilizer (23 kg/ha pure N+ 50.6 kg/ha pure P2O5) and full doze of fertilizer (46 kg/ha pure N+ 101.2 kg/ha pure P2O5). Mean comparison showed that the highest moisture amount (20.812 %) related none fertilizer treatment and lowest related to the full doze of fertilizer (8.165 %) which was statistically with half doze of fertilizer (23 kg/ha pure N+ 50.6 kg/ha pure P2O5) had no significant difference. Also, the highest flavonoid amount related to none fertilizer treatment (0.282) which showed an increase of 90.54% compared to treatment of full doze of fertilizer. The highest flavonoid related to the 28 days after flowering (0.713) was in spring sowing and none fertilizer and lowest related to the 7 days after flowering was in fall sowing and full doze of fertilizer (0.118) is the plant. Also, the highest percentage of germination was related to the fall sowing (74.81) which showed an increase of 11.6% compared to spring sowing. Generally results showed that fall sowing date and without fertilizer increases the moisture amount seed but spring sowing date and without fertilizer treatment increases the flavonoid amount seed of Lallemantia.

Seed germination studies are considered key tools for conservation programs. Since the propagation of verbascum in natural areas is done mostly through seeds, it is necessary to investigate the appropriate methods to eliminate the stagnation of the seeds of this plant. Therefore, the present study investigates the breaking of seed dormancy of V. thapsus and V. kochiiforme species in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments used included hot water, thermal treatment, physical and chemical scraping, wet cooling and combined treatment of wet cooling and physical scraping. Variance analysis of data and comparison of averages were done using LSD test at the five percent level. The results showed that chilling increased the germination of V. thapsus seeds. Also, the seeds of V. kochiiforme with 1-month chilling along with scratching had better germination than other treatments, and further chilling did not have a significant effect on increasing the germination of this species, but in some cases it led to the activity of fungi, which affected the germination and caused a decrease it became Therefore, according to the increase in germination after chilling V. thapsus, it can be concluded that it has physiological sleep and V. kochiiforme can have physical sleep in addition to physiological sleep due to its hard seed coat. Also, the boiling water treatment not only did not cause the germination of marigold, but also prevented the germination of this plant as an inhibitory factor.

The uniformity and emergence percentage of seeds have an importance role on the yield and quality of crops in the field. The aim of this research was to evaluate the seeds emergence and seedlings of three populations of the lanceleaf thyme species (Thymus lancifolius Celak) by Priming methods. In order to evaluating seed emergence and seedling vigor of three populations of (Thymus lancifolius Celak), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in Research Institute of Forests and rangelands, Tehran, Iran in 2015-2016. The factors A was including: three populations of (Thymus lancifolius Celak) and factor B were seven treatments as follows: osmopriming (PEG 0.3 and 0.6Mpa), hormonal priming (250 and 500 ppm of Gibberellic acid), Matrix priming (Vermicolit 1%) hydropriming (distilled water) and control. The emergence characteristics including of seed emergence percentage and speed of emergence, root and shoot length, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight were measured. The mean comparison three populations showed that all emergence traits of population 13490-Arak were more than the other two populations. The maximum emergence percentage as (81.19) obtained using vermiculite treatment. using vermiculite, seedling Fresh weight, (578.8), dry Weight, (47.78), dry matter percentage (7.82%) were more than other treatments. High speed of emergence observed as (5.82 seeds per day) with effect of Gibberellic acid 250 ppm. Regarding to result of this research work, it was proved that two Priming technique as Matrix priming (Vermiculite) and Hormonal priming (Gibberellic acid) were effective method compare with other method. Therefore these two methods are recommending for domestication and optimum establishment of medicinal plant of (Thymus lancifolius Celak).

In order to study the effect of salicylic acid priming on seed germination indices and seedling growth of triticale under salt stress, a research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in seed science and technology laboratory of plant production and genetics department of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in 2018. Experimental factors were salicylic acid priming (control (no priming), 0.5 mM salicylic acid in 3 hours, 1 mM salicylic acid in 3 hours, 1.5 mM salicylic acid in 3 hours, 2 mM salicylic acid in 3 hours, 0.5 mM salicylic acid in 6 hours, 1 mM salicylic acid in 6 hours, 1.5 mM salicylic acid in 6 hours, 2 mM salicylic acid in 6 hours) and different salinity levels (include 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 dS/m). The analysis of variance showed that the effect of priming, salinity stress and the interactive effects were significant on all measured traits (except germination percetage) at 1 percent probability level. The comparison of means showed that salinity stress decreased germination traits but salicylic acid priming reduced the negative impact of salinity stress and improved different germination indices. The best concentration for salicylic acid priming was at 0.5 mM for 6 hours. Generally, the results showed that under salinity stress conditions, seed priming with salicylic acid can be used to reduce the negative impact of salinity stress on seed germination and triticale seedling growth.

In order to evaluate rice cultivars under salinity stress at germination stage, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory of seed and seedling sciences and research of Gilan. Five rice cultivars (Anam, Khazar, Gilaneh, Kian and Hashemi) were studied at four salinity levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). The results of analysis of variance showed significant effects of salinity, genotype and interaction effect for all measured traits at one percent level. Also, according to the results of mean comparison, salinity except for allometric coefficient and germination percentage (at salinity level with concentration of 50 mM NaCl), caused a decrease in all studied traits including stem and root length, fresh and dry weight of stem and root, average daily germination and plantlet vigor index. The Kian cultivar had the highest percentage of germination (salinity level 50 mM equal to 98.66 %) at all levels. Finally, under the experimental conditions of this research, according to the results Hashemi and Gilaneh cultivars were found to be the most tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively.

In order to evaluate rice cultivars under salinity stress at germination stage, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory of seed and seedling sciences and research of Gilan. Five rice cultivars (Anam, Khazar, Gilaneh, Kian and Hashemi) were studied at four salinity levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). The results of analysis of variance showed significant effects of salinity, genotype and interaction effect for all measured traits at one percent level. Also, according to the results of mean comparison, salinity except for allometric coefficient and germination percentage (at salinity level with concentration of 50 mM NaCl), caused a decrease in all studied traits including stem and root length, fresh and dry weight of stem and root, average daily germination and plantlet vigor index. The Kian cultivar had the highest percentage of germination (salinity level 50 mM equal to 98.66 %) at all levels. Finally, under the experimental conditions of this research, according to the results Hashemi and Gilaneh cultivars were found to be the most tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively.